2.1 : الجدران الحجرية المركبة

Composite masonry walls are constructed using two or more wythes made with different masonry materials or the same masonry materials.

The wythes are separated by about a three-quarter-inch wide collar joint filled with mortar or a wider space that can be grouted in lifts as the wall is built.

Alternatively, the individual wythes are bonded together to form a solid wall, commonly using rigid metal ties or reinforcements and rarely using overlapping masonry header units.

Metal ties, being less conducive to water penetration, are preferred over masonry headers as the composite walls primarily prevent rain penetration by absorbing moisture and then releasing it back into the atmosphere through evaporation.

Consider a traditional composite masonry wall with a stone facing, which is durable and aesthetically appealing, and an adjoining wythe of less expensive bricks. These two layers are bonded together using metal ties.

Such a wall combines the benefits of appearance, cost-effectiveness, and structural stability.

The use of the same type of masonry units across all the wythes is preferred in load-bearing composite walls to maintain consistent structural behavior.