The authors thank Dr. Gary Bernstein for use of the AFM.

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

هناك العديد من الخطوات التي من الضروري التأكيد على تحقيق نتائج متسقة ومثالية. للحصول على عينات والميكا، وبعد الشطف صارم وشامل وتجفيف النظام، كما هو الحال في الخطوات 3.3 و 3.4، وضمان صور عالية الجودة من اوريغامي DNA الفردية يمكن أن يتحقق باستخدام AFM دون مشاكل مختلفة المبي?...

لأول مرة في عام 2006، اوريغامي DNA تستخدم طبيعة الذاتي تجميع من [أليغنوكليوتيد DNA لإنتاج النانو designable وأمر غاية. 1 تم الإبلاغ عن عدد لا يحصى من الهياكل، بدءا من الوجوه المبتسمة لصناديق مغلق 3-الأبعاد. يمكن functionalized 2 DNA اوريغامي مع مختلف الجزيئات الحيوية والنانو، مما أدى إلى التطبيقات البحثية في الإلكترونيات النانوية، والطب، والحوسبة الكمومية. 3 ومع ذلك، فإن التحليل والعديد من التطبيقات في المستقبل، لا يعتمد فقط على التصميم الهيكلي، ولكن أيضا على التصاق النانو اوريغامي DNA على الأسطح. الطرق الموضحة في هذه المخطوطة تتعلق إعداد عينات DNA اوريغامي على نوعين من ركائز: الميكا وأكسيد السيليكون functionalized. الميكا هو الركيزة الاختيار للدراسات اوريغامي الحمض النووي لأنه مسطح بالذرة، مع ارتفاع طبقة من 0.37 نانومتر ± 0.02 نانومتر. 4 وهو أيضا قمة شرق آسياتنظيف إيلي، مما يجعل إعداد العينات ومجهر القوة الذرية (AFM) دراسات واضحة. يحتوي ميكا بلدية موسكو كثافة عالية من البوتاسيوم في كل طائرة الانقسام، ولكن هذه الأيونات منتشر بعيدا عن سطح الميكا عندما تكون في الماء. للتوسط الربط اوريغامي الحمض النووي لالركيزة الميكا، ويستخدم المغنيسيوم 2+ لعكس شحنة سالبة من الميكا وكهربية ربط العمود الفقري الفوسفات الحمض النووي لالركيزة (الشكل 1A). 5 مخاليط DNA صلب بحضور كبير تجاوزات من خيوط الأساسية تعطي تغطية عالية وصور جيدة على الميكا لأن التصاق اوريغامي الحمض النووي لالمغنيسيوم 2+ سطح -terminated هو أقوى بكثير من التصاق [أليغنوكليوتيد واحدة الذين تقطعت بهم السبل (خيوط الأساسية). غيرها من أيونات موجبة الشحنة، بما في ذلك ني 2+ والتعاون 2+ يمكن أن تستخدم للسيطرة على التصاق DNA على الميكا. 6،7 تغيير تركيز أحادي التكافؤ وثنائي التكافؤ الكاتيونات في حل يمكن التوسط adheسيون ونشرها سطح معدلات اوريغامي DNA. 8 ومع ذلك، غالبا ما لا يوصف بروتوكول لإعداد ركائز الميكا وإيداع والشطف اوريغامي صراحة في المخطوطات التي تم نشرها. 9 بدون بروتوكول واضح، يمكن أن النتائج استنساخه يكون من الصعب الحصول عليها. الميكا هو عازل، لذلك ليست مناسبة باعتبارها الركيزة لبعض التطبيقات في الإلكترونيات النانوية. السيليكون تخمل مع أكسيد الأصلي رقيقة له خصائص الإلكترونية مرغوب فيه، بما في ذلك التوافق مع إمكانية أشباه الموصلات أكسيد المعادن (CMOS) تجهيز مسبق لإنشاء إدخال الهياكل / الإخراج والميزات الطبوغرافية. ومطلية رقائق السليكون المخزنة في الهواء إما مع أكسيد الحراري سميكة أو رقيقة فيلم أكسيد الأصلي الذي هو القذرة نسبيا، مع عدد الجسيمات عالية. أكسيد السيليكون لديه أقل من ذلك بكثير كثافة الشحنة السطحية من الميكا، وكثافة الشحنة تعتمد بشكل كبير على إعداد أكسيد والتاريخ. في المغنيسيوم ABO تركيزات أيونهاء 150 ملم، التغطيات جيدة (تصل إلى 4 / ميكرون 2) اوريغامي DNA مستطيلة يمكن تحقيقه على الأكسجين البلازما تعامل ركائز السيليكون. ومع ذلك، هذا التركيز والتغطية قد تتغير اعتمادا على حجم وتصميم النانو المستخدمة. 10 إن بروتوكول بديل لضبط الشحنة السطحية هو إرفاق أحادي الطبقة الموجبة من 3 aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) (الشكل 1B) الذاتي تجميعها ل أكسيد. يمكن البروتونية وأمين أساسي على APTES في قيم الرقم الهيدروجيني أقل من 9 وتعديل التهمة وللا مائية الركيزة. 11 لأحادي الطبقة كاملة من APTES تودع بنجاح، والسيليكون يجب أن تنظف بشكل مناسب باستخدام هيئة الإذاعة الأمريكية (RCA) البروتوكولات . وتشمل هذه البروتوكولات العلاج في هيدروكسيد الأمونيوم ومحلول بيروكسيد الهيدروجين (RCA1) لإزالة المخلفات العضوية والملوثات الجسيمات. A حفر قصيرة في محلول حامض الهيدروفلوريك يزيل طبقة أكسيد الأم جنبا إلى جنب معأي ملوثات الأيونية التي تلتزم أكسيد. أخيرا، تتعرض العينات إلى حمض الهيدروكلوريك ومحلول بيروكسيد الهيدروجين (RCA2) لإزالة المعادن والملوثات الأيونية وتشكيل رقيقة، وطبقة أكسيد موحدة. وقد عينت 12 معظم غرف الأبحاث أغطية للبروتوكولات التنظيف CMOS، مع قواعد صارمة حول ما يمكن استخدامه في هذه المجالات. وهناك مشكلة مشتركة تأتي في شكل أيونات مثل الصوديوم، والذي يمكن أن يعطل خصائص الإلكترونية من الهياكل CMOS من خلال خلق الفخاخ midbandgap. تستخدم 13 الأيونات عادة في إعداد وترسب مخازن اوريغامي الحمض النووي يمكن أن يلوث حمامات CMOS ويسبب مشاكل للباحثين آخرين باستخدام الغرفة نظيفة. لهذا السبب، يستخدم مجموعتنا CMOS &quot;القذرة&quot; تنظيف مقاعد البدلاء رتبت خصيصا لعينات صغيرة تستخدم للبحث اوريغامي DNA. هذه العملية هي بديل جيد للالتقليدي غرف الأبحاث انشاء وربما تكون مناسبة للمختبرات التي ليس لديها إمكانية الوصول إلى مقعد CMOS غرف الأبحاث.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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			<td>VWR International, LLC</td>
			<td>22491733</td>
			<td>10 reload tray of 96 tips</td>
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			<td>Microcentrifuge Tubes, Polypropylene</td>
			<td>VWR International, LLC</td>
			<td>87003-290</td>
			<td>0.65 mL, natural</td>
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			<td>Research Plus Pippete - Single Channel - 20-200 &#956;L</td>
			<td>A. Daigger &#38; Company, Inc.</td>
			<td>EF8960F-3120000054 EACH</td>
			<td>Adjustable Volume</td>
		</tr>
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			<td>Research Plus Pippete - Single Channel - 2-20 &#956;L</td>
			<td>A. Daigger &#38; Company, Inc.</td>
			<td>EF8960D-3120000038 EACH</td>
			<td>Adjustable Volume</td>
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			<td>Scotch 237 Permanent Double-Sided Tape</td>
			<td>Office Depot, Inc.</td>
			<td>602710</td>
			<td>3/4&#34; x 300&#34;, Pack of 2</td>
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			<td>Vortex Mixer</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>M37610-33Q</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Wafer container single, 2&#34; (50 mm), 60 mm x 11 mm</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td>64917-2</td>
			<td>6 per pack</td>
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			<td>6&#34; Wafer, P-type, &#60;100&#62; orientation, w/ primary flat</td>
			<td>Nova Electronic Materials, Ltd.</td>
			<td>GC49266</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Powder-Free Nitrile Examination Gloves</td>
			<td>VWR International, LLC</td>
			<td>82062-428</td>
			<td>Catalog number is for size large</td>
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			<td>K-Tek Nanotechnology, Inc.</td>
			<td>HA_NC/15</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Autoclave Pan</td>
			<td>A. Daigger &#38; Company, Inc.</td>
			<td>NAL692-5000 EF25341C</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Sol-Vex II Aggressive Gloves, Size: 9-9.5; 15 mil, 13 inch - 1 dz</td>
			<td>Spectrum Chemical Mfg. Corp.</td>
			<td>106-15055</td>
			<td>Before use, rinse with water and scrub together until no bubbles form on the gloves.</td>
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			<td>Dynalon Corp.</td>
			<td>316504-0002</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Muscovite Mica Sheets V-5 Quality</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td>71850-01</td>
			<td>10 per pack</td>
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			<td>Mica Disc, 10 mm</td>
			<td>Ted Pella, Inc</td>
			<td>50</td>
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			<td>Scriber Diamon Pen for Glassware</td>
			<td>VWR International, LLC</td>
			<td>52865-005</td>
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			<td>Scintillation Vials, Borosilicate Glass, with Screw Cap - 20 mL</td>
			<td>VWR International, LLC</td>
			<td>66022-060</td>
			<td>Case of 500, with attached polypropylene cap and pulp foil liner</td>
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			<td>4 x 5 Inch Top PC-200 Hot Plate, 120 V/60 Hz</td>
			<td>Dot Scientific, Inc.</td>
			<td>6759-200</td>
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			<td>Straight-Sided Glass Jars, Wide Mouth</td>
			<td>VWR International, LLC</td>
			<td>89043-554</td>
			<td>Case of 254, caps with pulp/vinyl liner attached</td>
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			<td>Standar-Grade Glass Beaker, 250 mL Capacity</td>
			<td>VWR International, LLC</td>
			<td>173506</td>
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			<td>Beakers, PTFE</td>
			<td>VWR International, LLC</td>
			<td>89026-022</td>
			<td>For use with HF</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Shallow form watch glass, 3&#34;</td>
			<td>VWR International, LLC</td>
			<td>66112-107</td>
			<td>Case of 12</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plastic Storage Container</td>
			<td>VWR International, LLC</td>
			<td>470195-354</td>
			<td>For secondary container</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>General-Purpose Liquid-In-Glass Thermometers</td>
			<td>VWR International, LLC</td>
			<td>89095-564</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High precision and ultra fine tweezers</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td>78310-0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polycarbonate Faceshield</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific, Inc.</td>
			<td>18-999-4542</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neoprene Apron</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific, Inc.</td>
			<td>19-810-609</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Calcium Gluconate, Calgonate</td>
			<td>W.W Grainger, Inc.</td>
			<td>13W861</td>
			<td>Tube, 25 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrogen Peroxide 30 % CR ACS 500 mL</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific, Inc.</td>
			<td>H325 500</td>
			<td>HARMFUL, TOXIC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane</td>
			<td>Gelest Inc.</td>
			<td>SIA0610.0-25GM</td>
			<td>Let warm to room temperature before use.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ammonium hydroxide, 2.5 L</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific, Inc.</td>
			<td>A669-212</td>
			<td>HARMFUL, TOXIC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrochloric acid</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific, Inc.</td>
			<td>A144-212</td>
			<td>HARMFUL, TOXIC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrofluoric acid</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific, Inc.</td>
			<td>A147-1LB</td>
			<td>HARMFUL, TOXIC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MultiMode Nanoscope IIIa</td>
			<td>Veeco Instruments, Inc.</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>Any AFM capable of tapping mode is suitable for analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dunk basket</td>
			<td>Made in lab</td>
			<td>Made in lab</td>
			<td>The dunk basket was made using the bottom of a PTFE bottle with holes drilled in, PTFE handle, and all PTFE screws.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

preparation of mica and silicon substrates for dna origami analysis and experimentation

The designed nature and controlled, one-pot synthesis of DNA origami provides exciting opportunities in many fields, particularly nanoelectronics. Many of these applications require interaction with and adhesion of DNA nanostructures to a substrate. Due to its atomically flat and easily cleaned nature, mica has been the substrate of choice for DNA origami experiments. However, the practical applications of mica are relatively limited compared to those of semiconductor substrates. For this reason, a straightforward, stable, and repeatable process for DNA origami adhesion on derivatized silicon oxide is presented here. To promote the adhesion of DNA nanostructures to silicon oxide surface, a self-assembled monolayer of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) is deposited from an aqueous solution that is compatible with many photoresists. The substrate must be cleaned of all organic and metal contaminants using Radio Corporation of America (RCA) cleaning processes and the native oxide layer must be etched to ensure a flat, functionalizable surface. Cleanrooms are equipped with facilities for silicon cleaning, however many components of DNA origami buffers and solutions are often not allowed in them due to contamination concerns. This manuscript describes the set-up and protocol for in-lab, small-scale silicon cleaning for researchers who do not have access to a cleanroom or would like to incorporate processes that could cause contamination of a cleanroom CMOS clean bench. Additionally, variables for regulating coverage are discussed and how to recognize and avoid common sample preparation problems is described.

متغيرين تملي تغطية اوريغامي DNA على الركيزة: تركيز المحلول والتعرض الوقت. تم الإبلاغ عن خصائص امتصاص اوريغامي DNA على الميكا وAPTES أكسيد السيليكون functionalized سابقا. 13 وتتلخص العلاقة بين تركيز اوريغامي الحمض النووي في حل ترسب والتغطيات النهائية على الميكا في الجد?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation of Mica and Silicon Substrates for DNA Origami Analysis and Experimentation at JoVE.com

Preparation of Mica and Silicon Substrates for DNA Origami Analysis and Experimentation

Reproducible cleaning processes for substrates used in DNA origami research are described, including bench-top RCA cleaning and derivatization of silicon oxide. Protocols for surface preparation, DNA origami deposition, drying parameters, and simple experimental set-ups are illustrated.

إعداد ميكا والسيليكون ركائز لDNA اوريغامي التحليل والتجريب

The designed nature and controlled, one-pot synthesis of DNA origami provides exciting opportunities in many fields, particularly nanoelectronics. Many of ...

preparation-mica-silicon-substrates-for-dna-origami-analysis

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

14.2K Views.  University of Notre Dame. Reproducible cleaning processes for substrates used in DNA origami research are described, including bench-top RCA cleaning and derivatization of silicon oxide. Protocols for surface preparation, DNA origami deposition, drying parameters, and simple experimental set-ups are illustrated.

Video: Preparation of Mica and Silicon Substrates for DNA Origami Analysis and Experimentation

Origami Inspired Self-assembly of Patterned and Reconfigurable Particles

There are numerous techniques such as photolithography, electron-beam lithography and soft-lithography that can be used to precisely pattern two dimensional (2D) structures. These technologies are mature, offer high precision and many of them can be implemented in a high-throughput manner. We leverage the advantages of planar lithography and combine them with self-folding methods1-20 wherein physical forces derived from surface tension or residual stress, are used to curve or fold planar structures into three dimensional (3D) structures. In doing so, we make it possible to mass produce precisely patterned static and reconfigurable particles that are challenging to synthesize.
In this paper, we detail visualized experimental protocols to create patterned particles, notably, (a) permanently bonded, hollow, polyhedra that self-assemble and self-seal due to the minimization of surface energy of liquefied hinges21-23 and (b) grippers that self-fold due to residual stress powered hinges24,25. The specific protocol described can be used to create particles with overall sizes ranging from the micrometer to the centimeter length scales. Further, arbitrary patterns can be defined on the surfaces of the particles of importance in colloidal science, electronics, optics and medicine. More generally, the concept of self-assembling mechanically rigid particles with self-sealing hinges is applicable, with some process modifications, to the creation of particles at even smaller, 100 nm length scales22, 26 and with a range of materials including metals21, semiconductors9 and polymers27. With respect to residual stress powered actuation of reconfigurable grasping devices, our specific protocol utilizes chromium hinges of relevance to devices with sizes ranging from 100 &mu;m to 2.5 mm. However, more generally, the concept of such tether-free residual stress powered actuation can be used with alternate high-stress materials such as heteroepitaxially deposited semiconductor films5,7 to possibly create even smaller nanoscale grasping devices.

We describe experimental details of the synthesis of patterned and reconfigurable particles from two dimensional (2D) precursors. This methodology can be used to create particles in a variety of shapes including polyhedra and grasping devices at length scales ranging from the micro to centimeter scale.

اوريغامي الملهمة التجميع الذاتي للجزيئات منقوشة واعادة التشكيل

There are numerous techniques such as photolithography, electron-beam lithography and soft-lithography that can be used to precisely pattern two ...

Folding and Characterization of a Bio-responsive Robot from DNA Origami

The DNA nanorobot is a hollow hexagonal nanometric device, designed to open in response to specific stimuli and present cargo sequestered inside. Both stimuli and cargo can be tailored according to specific needs. Here we describe the DNA nanorobot fabrication protocol, with the use of the DNA origami technique. The procedure initiates by mixing short single-strand DNA staples into a stock mixture which is then added to a long, circular, single-strand DNA scaffold in presence of a folding buffer. A standard thermo cycler is programmed to gradually lower the mixing reaction temperature to facilitate the staples-to-scaffold annealing, which is the guiding force behind the folding of the nanorobot. Once the 60 hr folding reaction is complete, excess staples are discarded using a centrifugal filter, followed by visualization via agarose-gel electrophoresis (AGE). Finally, successful fabrication of the nanorobot is verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), with the use of uranyl-formate as negative stain.

DNA origami is a powerful method for fabricating precise nanoscale objects by programming the self-assembly of DNA molecules. Here we describe a protocol for the folding of a bio-responsive robot from DNA origami, its purification and negative staining for transmission electron microscopic imaging (TEM).

للطي وتوصيف روبوت الحيوية استجابة من الحمض النووي اوريغامي

The DNA nanorobot is a hollow hexagonal nanometric device, designed to open in response to specific stimuli and present cargo sequestered inside. Both ...

Preparation of Macroporous Epitaxial Quartz Films on Silicon by Chemical Solution Deposition

This work describes the detailed protocol for preparing piezoelectric macroporous epitaxial quartz films on silicon(100) substrates. This is a three-step process based on the preparation of a sol in a one-pot synthesis which is followed by the deposition of a gel film on Si(100) substrates by evaporation induced self-assembly using the dip-coating technique and ends with a thermal treatment of the material to induce the gel crystallization and the growth of the quartz film. The formation of a silica gel is based on the reaction of a tetraethyl orthosilicate and water, catalyzed by HCl, in ethanol. However, the solution contains two additional components that are essential for preparing mesoporous epitaxial quartz films from these silica gels dip-coated on Si. Alkaline earth ions, like Sr2+ act as glass melting agents that facilitate the crystallization of silica and in combination with cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) amphiphilic template form a phase separation responsible of the macroporosity of the films. The good matching between the quartz and silicon cell parameters is also essential in the stabilization of quartz over other SiO2 polymorphs and is at the origin of the epitaxial growth.

A protocol is presented for the preparation of piezoelectric macroporous epitaxial films of quartz on silicon by solution chemistry using dip-coating and thermal treatments in air.

إعداد ماكروبوروس الفوقي الكوارتز أفلام على السيليكون التي كتبها الكيميائية الحل ترسب

This work describes the detailed protocol for preparing piezoelectric macroporous epitaxial quartz films on silicon(100) substrates. This is a three-step ...

Deacetylation Assays to Unravel the Interplay between Sirtuins (SIRT2) and Specific Protein-substrates

Acetylation has emerged as an important post-translational modification (PTM) regulating a plethora of cellular processes and functions. This is further supported by recent findings in high-resolution mass spectrometry based proteomics showing that many new proteins and sites within these proteins can be acetylated. However the identity of the enzymes regulating these proteins and sites is often unknown. Among these enzymes, sirtuins, which belong to the class III histone lysine deacetylases, have attracted great interest as enzymes regulating the acetylome under different physiological or pathophysiological conditions. Here we describe methods to link SIRT2, the cytoplasmic sirtuin, with its substrates including both in vitro and in vivo deacetylation assays. These assays can be applied in studies focused on other members of the sirtuin family to unravel the specific role of sirtuins and are necessary in order to establish the regulatory interplay of specific deacetylases with their substrates as a first step to better understand the role of protein acetylation. Furthermore, such assays can be used to distinguish functional acetylation sites on a protein from what may be non-regulatory acetylated lysines, as well as to examine the interplay between a deacetylase and its substrate in a physiological context.

Deacetylation Assays to Unravel the Interplay between Sirtuins SIRT2 and Specific Protein-substrates

This protocol describes the required steps to execute in vitro and in vivo deacetylation assays in order to establish the role of proteins as specific deacetylation substrates for sirtuins and further study the role of reversible - lysine acetylation as a post-translational modification.

Deacetylation فحوصات لكشف تفاعل بين Sirtuins (SIRT2) ومحددة البروتين ركائز

Acetylation has emerged as an important post-translational modification (PTM) regulating a plethora of cellular processes and functions. This is further ...

Gene-therapy Inspired Polycation Coating for Protection of DNA Origami Nanostructures

DNA origami nanostructures hold an immense potential to be used for biological and medical applications. However, low-salt conditions and nucleases in physiological fluids induce denaturation and degradation of self-assembled DNA nanostructures. In non-viral gene delivery, enzymatic degradation of DNA is overcome by the encapsulation of the negatively charged DNA in a cationic shell. Herein, inspired by gene delivery advancements, a simple, one-step and robust methodology is presented for the stabilization of DNA origami nanostructures by coating them with chitosan and linear polyethyleneimine. The polycation coating efficiently protects DNA origami nanostructures in Mg-depleted and nuclease-rich media. This method also preserves the full addressability of enzyme- and aptamer-based functionalization of DNA nanostructures.

Here, a protocol for the protection of DNA origami nanostructures in Mg-depleted and nuclease-rich media using natural cationic polysaccharide chitosan and synthetic linear polyethyleneimine (LPEI) coatings is presented.

العلاج الجيني وحي بوليكيشن طلاء لحماية النانو أوريغامي الحمض النووي

DNA origami nanostructures hold an immense potential to be used for biological and medical applications. However, low-salt conditions and nucleases in ...

Assembly of Gold Nanorods into Chiral Plasmonic Metamolecules Using DNA Origami Templates

The inherent addressability of DNA origami structures makes them ideal templates for the arrangement of metal nanoparticles into complex plasmonic nanostructures. The high spatial precision of a DNA origami-templated assembly allows controlling the coupling between plasmonic resonances of individual particles and enables tailoring optical properties of the constructed nanostructures. Recently, chiral plasmonic systems attracted a lot of attention due to the strong correlation between the spatial configuration of plasmonic assemblies and their optical responses (e.g., circular dichroism [CD]). In this protocol, we describe the whole workflow for the generation of DNA origami-based chiral assemblies of gold nanorods (AuNRs). The protocol includes a detailed description of the design principles and experimental procedures for the fabrication of DNA origami templates, the synthesis of AuNRs, and the assembly of origami-AuNR structures. In addition, the characterization of structures using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and CD spectroscopy is included. The described protocol is not limited to chiral configurations and can be adapted for the construction of various plasmonic architectures.

We describe the detailed protocol for the DNA origami-based assembly of gold nanorods into chiral plasmonic metamolecules with strong chiroptical responses. The protocol is not limited to chiral configurations and can be easily adapted for the fabrication of various plasmonic architectures.

الجمعية نانورودس الذهب في ميتاموليكوليس Plasmonic مراوان باستخدام قوالب أوريغامي الحمض النووي

The inherent addressability of DNA origami structures makes them ideal templates for the arrangement of metal nanoparticles into complex plasmonic ...

Growth of Gold Dendritic Nanoforests on Titanium Nitride-coated Silicon Substrates

In this study, a high-power impulse magnetron sputtering system is used to coat a flat and firm titanium nitride (TiN) film on silicon (Si) wafers, and a fluoride-assisted galvanic replacement reaction (FAGRR) is employed for the rapid and easy deposition of gold dendritic nanoforests (Au DNFs) on the TiN/Si substrates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy patterns of TiN/Si and Au DNFs/TiN/Si samples validate that the synthesis process is accurately controlled. Under the reaction conditions in this study, the thickness of the Au DNFs increases linearly to 5.10 &#177; 0.20 &#181;m within 15 min of the reaction. Therefore, the employed synthesis procedure is a simple and rapid approach for preparing Au DNFs/TiN/Si composites.

This study presents a feasible procedure for synthesizing gold dendritic nanoforests on titanium nitride/silicon substrates. The thickness of gold dendritic nanoforests increases linearly within 15 min of a synthesis reaction.

نمو الذهب الشجيري Nanoforests علي التيتانيوم Nitride-المغلفة ركائز السيليكون

In this study, a high-power impulse magnetron sputtering system is used to coat a flat and firm titanium nitride (TiN) film on silicon (Si) wafers, and a ...

DNA Origami-Mediated Substrate Nanopatterning of Inorganic Structures for Sensing Applications

Structural DNA nanotechnology provides a viable route for building from the bottom-up using DNA as construction material. The most common DNA nanofabrication technique is called DNA origami, and it allows high-throughput synthesis of accurate and highly versatile structures with nanometer-level precision. Here, it is shown how the spatial information of DNA origami can be transferred to metallic nanostructures by combining the bottom-up DNA origami with the conventionally used top-down lithography approaches. This allows fabrication of billions of tiny nanostructures in one step onto selected substrates. The method is demonstrated using bowtie DNA origami to create metallic bowtie-shaped antenna structures on silicon nitride or sapphire substrates. The method relies on the selective growth of a silicon oxide layer on top of the origami deposition substrate, thus resulting in a patterning mask for following lithographic steps. These nanostructure-equipped surfaces can be further used as molecular sensors (e.g., surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)) and in various other optical applications at the visible wavelength range owing to the small feature sizes (sub-10 nm). The technique can be extended to other materials through methodological modifications; therefore, the resulting optically active surfaces may find use in development of metamaterials and metasurfaces.

Here, we describe a protocol to create discrete and accurate inorganic nanostructures on substrates using DNA origami shapes as guiding templates. The method is demonstrated by creating plasmonic gold bowtie-shaped antennas on a transparent substrate (sapphire).

الحمض النووي اوريغامي--بوساطة نانوباتيرنينج الركيزة من الهياكل غير العضوية لتطبيقات الاستشعار

Structural DNA nanotechnology provides a viable route for building from the bottom-up using DNA as construction material. The most common DNA ...

Preparation of Nanoparticles for ToF-SIMS and XPS Analysis

Nanoparticles have gained increasing attention in recent years due to their potential and application in different fields including medicine, cosmetics, chemistry, and their potential to enable advanced materials. To effectively understand and regulate the physico-chemical properties and potential adverse effects of nanoparticles, validated measurement procedures for the various properties of nanoparticles need to be developed. While procedures for measuring nanoparticle size and size distribution are already established, standardized methods for analysis of their surface chemistry are not yet in place, although the influence of the surface chemistry on nanoparticle properties is undisputed. In particular, storage and preparation of nanoparticles for surface analysis strongly influences the analytical results from various methods, and in order to obtain consistent results, sample preparation must be both optimized and standardized. In this contribution, we present, in detail, some standard procedures for preparing nanoparticles for surface analytics. In principle, nanoparticles can be deposited on a suitable substrate from suspension or as a powder. Silicon (Si) wafers are commonly used as substrate, however, their cleaning is critical to the process. For sample preparation from suspension, we will discuss drop-casting and spin-coating, where not only the cleanliness of the substrate and purity of the suspension but also its concentration play important roles for the success of the preparation methodology. For nanoparticles with sensitive ligand shells or coatings, deposition as powders is more suitable, although this method requires particular care in fixing the sample.

A number of different procedures for preparing nanoparticles for surface analysis are presented (drop casting, spin coating, deposition from powders, and cryofixation). We discuss the challenges, opportunities, and possible applications of each method, particularly regarding the changes in the surface properties caused by the different preparation methods.

إعداد الجسيمات النانوية لتحليل TOF-SIMS و XPS

Nanoparticles have gained increasing attention in recent years due to their potential and application in different fields including medicine, cosmetics, ...

قياسات SERS أحادية الجزيء التي تم تمكينها بواسطة الهوائيات النانوية لأوريغامي الحمض النووي البلازموني

Single-Molecule Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Measurements Enabled by Plasmonic DNA Origami Nanoantennas

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has the capability to detect single molecules for which high field enhancement is required. Single-molecule (SM) SERS is able to provide molecule-specific spectroscopic information about individual molecules and therefore yields more detailed chemical information than other SM detection techniques. At the same time, there is the potential to unravel information from SM measurements that remain hidden in Raman measurements of bulk material. This protocol outlines the SM SERS measurements using a DNA origami nanoantenna (DONA) in combination with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy. A DNA origami fork structure and two gold nanoparticles are combined to form the DONAs, with a 1.2-2.0 nm gap between them. This allows an up to 1011-fold SERS signal enhancement, enabling measurements of single molecules. The protocol further demonstrates the placement of a single analyte molecule in a SERS hot spot, the process of AFM imaging, and the subsequent overlaying of Raman imaging to measure an analyte in a single DONA.

تسليط الضوء على المؤلف: قياسات تشتت رامان المعززة بالسطح أحادية الجزيء التي تم تمكينها بواسطة الهوائيات النانوية لأوريغامي الحمض النووي البلازموني  

This protocol demonstrates single-molecule surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements using a DNA origami nanoantenna (DONA) combined with colocalized atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman measurements.

قياسات تشتت رامان المعززة بالسطح أحادية الجزيء التي تم تمكينها بواسطة الهوائيات النانوية لأوريغامي الحمض النووي البلازموني

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has the capability to detect single molecules for which high field enhancement is required. Single-molecule (SM) ...