<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>تخفيف الألم العصبي القذالي: تخفيف الضغط على الأعصاب والعضلات

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	<li>IHS. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+international+classification+of+headache+disorders,+3rd+edition.">The international classification of headache disorders, 3rd edition.</a> Cephalalgia. 38 (1), 1-211 (2018).</li><li>Mosser, S. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+anatomy+of+the+greater+occipital+nerve:+implications+for+the+etiology+of+migraine+headaches.">The anatomy of the greater occipital nerve: implications for the etiology of migraine headaches.</a> Plast Reconstr Surg. 113 (2), 693-697 (2004).</li><li>Janis, J. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neurovascular+compression+of+the+greater+occipital+nerve:+implications+for+migraine+headaches.">Neurovascular compression of the greater occipital nerve: implications for migraine headaches.</a> Plast Reconstr Surg. 126 (6), 1996-2001 (2010).</li><li>Guyuron, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Five-year+outcome+of+surgical+treatment+of+migraine+headaches.">Five-year outcome of surgical treatment of migraine headaches.</a> Plast Reconstr Surg. 127 (2), 603-608 (2011).</li><li>Blake, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tracking+patients+with+chronic+occipital+headache+after+occipital+nerve+decompression+surgery:+A+case+series.">Tracking patients with chronic occipital headache after occipital nerve decompression surgery: A case series.</a> Cephalalgia. 39 (4), 556-563 (2019).</li><li>Pietramaggiori, G., Scherer, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Minimally+invasive+nerve-+and+muscle-sparing+surgical+decompression+for+occipital+neuralgia.">Minimally invasive nerve- and muscle-sparing surgical decompression for occipital neuralgia.</a> Plast Reconstr Surg. 151 (1), 169-177 (2023).</li><li>Tobin, J., Flitman, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Treatment+of+migraine+with+occipital+nerve+blocks+using+only+corticosteroids.">Treatment of migraine with occipital nerve blocks using only corticosteroids.</a> Headache. 51 (1), 155-159 (2011).</li><li>Seyed Forootan, N. S., Lee, M., Guyuron, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Migraine+headache+trigger+site+prevalence+analysis+of+2590+sites+in+1010+patients.">Migraine headache trigger site prevalence analysis of 2590 sites in 1010 patients.</a> J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 70 (2), 152-158 (2017).</li><li>Pietramaggiori, G., Scherer, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Minimally invasive surgery for chronic pain management. , (2020).</li><li>Janis, J. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+anatomy+of+the+greater+occipital+nerve:+Part+II.+Compression+point+topography.">The anatomy of the greater occipital nerve: Part II. Compression point topography.</a> Plast Reconstr Surg. 126 (5), 1563-1572 (2010).</li><li>Ducic, I., Moriarty, M., Al-Attar, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anatomical+variations+of+the+occipital+nerves:+implications+for+the+treatment+of+chronic+headaches.">Anatomical variations of the occipital nerves: implications for the treatment of chronic headaches.</a> Plast Reconstr Surg. 123 (3), 859-863 (2009).</li><li>Junewicz, A., Katira, K., Guyuron, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intraoperative+anatomical+variations+during+greater+occipital+nerve+decompression.">Intraoperative anatomical variations during greater occipital nerve decompression.</a> J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 66 (10), 1340-1345 (2013).</li><li>Scherer, S. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+greater+occipital+nerve+and+obliquus+capitis+inferior+muscle:+Anatomical+interactions+and+implications+for+occipital+pain+syndromes.">The greater occipital nerve and obliquus capitis inferior muscle: Anatomical interactions and implications for occipital pain syndromes.</a> Plast Reconstr Surg. 144 (3), 730-736 (2019).</li><li>Koopman, J. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Incidence+of+facial+pain+in+the+general+population.">Incidence of facial pain in the general population.</a> Pain. 147 (1-3), 122-127 (2009).</li><li>Mathew, P. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prevalence+of+occipital+neuralgia+at+a+community+hospital-based+headache+clinic.">Prevalence of occipital neuralgia at a community hospital-based headache clinic.</a> Neurol Clin Pract. 11 (1), 6-12 (2021).</li></ol>

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>30G Needle</td>
			<td>0.3x13 mm, BD Microlance 3, Spain</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bipolar Forceps</td>
			<td>McPerson, bipolar forceps, Erbe, Switzerland</td>
			<td>20195</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chlorhexidine</td>
			<td>Hibidil, Chlorhexidini digluconas 0.5 mg/mL, Switzerland</td>
			<td>120099</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>dissection scissors</td>
			<td>Jarit supercut, Integra Lifescience, USA</td>
			<td>323720</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Doppler</td>
			<td>Dopplex DMX Digital Doppler, High Sensitivity 10MHz probe, Huntleigh Healthcare, Wales, United Kingdom</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethilon 5/0 Suture</td>
			<td>Ethicon, USA</td>
			<td>698 G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lidocaine ephinephrine 1%</td>
			<td>Rapidocain 1% 10 mg/mL, Sintetica, Switzerland</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lighted retractor</td>
			<td>Electro Surgical Instrument Company, Rochester, NY</td>
			<td>08-0195</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnifying loops</td>
			<td>Design for vision, USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Opsity spray</td>
			<td>Smith &#38; Nephew, USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile gloves</td>
			<td>Sempermed sintegra IR, Ireland</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterillium</td>
			<td>Sterillium disinfectant, Switzerland</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical blade n.15</td>
			<td>Carbon steel surgical blades, Swann-Morton, England)</td>
			<td>205</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical drapes and gauzes</td>
			<td>Halyard Universal pack, USA</td>
			<td>88761</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical instruments</td>
			<td>Bontempi medical Italy</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical shaver</td>
			<td>Carefusion, USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe 5cc</td>
			<td>BBraun, Omnifix Luer Lock Solo, Switzerland</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triamcinolone 10mg</td>
			<td>Triamcort depot 40 mg/mL, Zentiva Czech Republic</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

minimally invasive surgical decompression of occipital nerves

Occipital neuralgia (ON) is a chronic headache condition causing persistent dull pain in the back of the head1. The pain, which differs from typical migraines, is often resistant to standard migraine treatments due to mechanical compression on the occipital nerves2, particularly along their course through the nuchal line3. On the other hand, surgical options may be effective but involve invasive procedures and extended recovery times4,5. We present here a novel approach to the occipital nerves, allowing for minimally invasive decompression, minimal downtime, and preservation of muscle and sensitive nerve branches6.
Diagnosing ON relies on targeted nerve blocks, which temporarily reduce pain and help pinpoint the exact area of nerve compression7, guiding surgical decompression8,9. Unlike typical migraine management, our approach targets the root mechanical cause of ON, providing a viable therapeutic option beyond medication.
Numerous clinical and anatomical studies have led to the occipital nerve decompression technique as described in2,3,10,11,12,13. Although this technique has been proven safe and effective, the advantages of the minimally invasive technique presented here include reduced patient morbidity, abbreviated postoperative recovery periods, and lesser risks of iatrogenic-induced pain due to potential neuroma formation. In particular, the preservation of neural and muscular structures contributes to prompt and favorable outcomes. The greater and lesser occipital nerves can be exposed and decompressed via the described approach. For the purpose of this paper, only greater occipital nerve decompression is described to improve occipital neuralgia, which is due to lesser occipital neuralgia. The third occipital nerve is responsible for rare cases of occipital neuralgia in our practice, which are addressed with a separate approach due to its medial localization. The described technique includes the systematic exploration of the passage of the greater occipital nerve through the semispinalis capitis which may represent a compression point. Further research and clinical validation are warranted to ascertain the full scope of its efficacy and safety.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>تسليط الضوء على المؤلف: تخفيف طفيف التوغل للألم العصبي القذالي عند الخط القفوي

تخفيف الضغط الجراحي طفيف التوغل للأعصاب القذالية

We aim to address occipital neuralgia via minimally invasive approaches that preserved integrity of structures such as muscles and nerves. We make a parallel between occipital neuralgia decompression surgery and carpal tunnel decompression surgery. We can improve occipital neuralgia via minimally invasive surgery that allows the patient to immediately recover from surgery.Our approach offers an effective solution for the increasing number of patients suffering from occipital neuralgia. We hope to be able to diagnose and treat occipital neuralgia in the near future as we do for carpal tunnel syndrome.

Occipital neuralgia (ON) stands out as one of the most distressing forms of headache disorders, distinguished by persistent pain at the base of the skull, ...

minimally-invasive-surgical-decompression-of-occipital-nerves

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Minimally Invasive Surgical Decompression of Occipital Nerves

920 Views.  Global Medical Institute. نهدف إلى معالجة الألم العصبي القذالي من خلال مناهج طفيفة التوغل تحافظ على سلامة الهياكل مثل العضلات والأعصاب. نقوم بعمل مواز بين جراحة تخفيف الضغط العصبي القذالي وجراحة تخفيف ضغط النفق الرسغي. يمكننا تحسين الألم العصبي القذالي عن طريق الجراحة طفيفة التو...

Video: تسليط الضوء على المؤلف: تخفيف طفيف التوغل للألم العصبي القذالي عند الخط القفوي

Occipital neuralgia (ON) stands out as one of the most distressing forms of headache disorders, distinguished by persistent pain at the base of the skull, recurring occipital headaches, and scalp dysesthesia or allodynia. ON is notorious for its unrelenting agony, severely impacting the lives of those afflicted. The incessant pain, often radiating upward from the base of the skull to the scalp, can be profoundly debilitating. Patients frequently endure excruciating occipital headaches, making even routine daily activities a formidable challenge. The added burden of scalp dysesthesia or allodynia, where seemingly innocuous stimuli elicit severe pain, compounds the suffering. This neuralgia primarily arises from the mechanical compression exerted on the occipital nerves along the nuchal line. In this paper, we present a minimally invasive nerve and muscle-preserving technique aimed at relieving this compression on the occipital nerves. Accurate diagnosis and effective treatment are paramount in providing relief for individuals battling this condition. Nerve blocks with local anesthesia have become a cornerstone of diagnosis, serving as both a confirmation of occipital neuralgia and a potential therapeutic intervention. These procedures offer crucial insights into the source of the pain while offering transient respite. However, the true breakthrough lies in the innovative technique we propose - a procedure that addresses the mechanical compression at the nuchal line, which is a prominent contributing factor to occipital neuralgia. By carefully decompressing the affected occipital nerves while preserving their integrity and surrounding muscle tissue, this minimally invasive approach offers patients a potential path to sustained relief. Remarkably, the procedure can be performed under local anesthesia, reducing the invasiveness of traditional surgeries and minimizing patient downtime.

The manuscript presents a minimally invasive nerve and muscle-sparing surgical protocol to decompress occipital nerves aiming to improve occipital neuralgia.

Decompression for Treating Occipital Neuralgia by Preserving Nerve Integrity

To begin, prepare the infiltration mixture for nerve blocking and transfer it into a five-milliliter syringe with a 30-gauge needle. Ask how the patient is feeling. After positioning the patient, identify the pit between the lateral edge of the proximal trapezius and the medial edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle insertion below the nuchal line, and palpate the occipital artery passage above the nuchal line.Using a 10-megahertz doppler, confirm the occipital neurovascular bundle position below the nuchal line. As the patient is seated upright, palpitate to identify the most tender point within the area. Prior to injecting, perform gentle aspiration with the syringe to prevent intravascular injection.Mark the incision site with a two to three-centimeter oblique line across the tender area. With a surgical shaver, shave the marked area and one centimeter around it. Then, using a sterile cloth, drape the instrumentation table with laminar flow.After administering local anesthesia to the patient, using a No.15 surgical blade, make an oblique, beveled incision measuring 2.5 to 3.5 centimeters. Utilizing a scalpel, incise the superficial layer of the nuchal line and dissect with the dissection scissors to expose the greater occipital nerve, occipital artery, and lymph nodes. Using dissection scissors, create the space following the greater occipital nerve meticulously along all points of possible compression, and perform proximal release of the inferior fascia of the trapezius muscle, semispinalis muscle fascia, and distal nuchal line fibers.Employing Hudson surgical forceps, carefully reposition or remove the occipital artery and lymph nodes in contact with the nerves. Then, gently disengage the adventitial and periarterial tissues abundant in afferent and efferent autonomic nervous system fibers. Using a 30-gauge needle, spray 1%lidocaine with epinephrine directly on the nerve branches to block them.Ask the patient to move the head and talk to confirm complete decompression. Finally, using 5-0 nylon sutures, close the incision with single stitches. Apply moisture-permeable spray dressing and sterile gauze on the site, and tape it carefully.Ask how the patient is feeling after the procedure. After surgical decompression, chronic pain days experienced by the patients decreased 5.8 times and the pain crisis days per month decreased 5.1 times. Background pain intensity decreased 5.2 times in patients after the surgery, and pain intensity peaks during crises decreased 4.2 times.