A perpetuity is a financial instrument that provides indefinite, regular payments. Unlike fixed-term financial products, perpetuities continue indefinitely, which makes them unique in the realm of investment and valuation. A typical example is preferred stock, which are shares of a company that guarantee fixed annual dividends. Investors receive a steady income as long as the company continues to operate and pay dividends.

There are two types of perpetuities: simple and growing. Simple perpetuities involve fixed payments, such as preferred stock dividends. Growing perpetuities are characterized by payments that increase steadily over time, accounting for inflation or rising earnings. In finance, perpetuities are used to evaluate assets that generate regular, indefinite income. For instance, rental properties can be considered perpetuities if expected to produce rental income indefinitely. Similarly, certain bonds and stocks are assessed using perpetuity models to determine their present value based on future income.

Understanding perpetuities is crucial for investors and financial analysts, as it aids in evaluating investments that provide long-term, stable returns. This knowledge assists in making informed decisions regarding the acquisition or sale of assets and forming a solid financial strategy to achieve consistent income over time.