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The eukaryotic nucleus is a double membrane-bound organelle that contains nearly all of the cell’s genetic material in the form of chromosomes. It is rightly called the “brain” of the cell as it shoulders the responsibility of responding to various physiological processes, stress, altered metabolic conditions, and other cellular signals.

The nucleus contains many membrane-less subnuclear organelles or nuclear bodies, such as nucleoli, Cajal bodies, speckles, paraspeckles, etc. These nuclear bodies help to spatially compartmentalize the nuclear environment and create distinct sites for some specific biological reactions. Besides, their membrane-less structure allows better exchange of their components with the nucleoplasm.

For example, Cajal bodies, which are spherical nuclear bodies inside the nucleus, contain various RNAs and proteins involved in the assembly and modification of small nuclear RNPs. It is inside these Cajal bodies that snRNPs undergo final maturation. The mature snRNPs then transit to the interchromatin granule clusters or nuclear speckles, where they are stored along with other splicing factors. The speckles are generally observed in close proximity to the active genes within the nucleus. This facilitates the recruitment of splicing factors to the sites of active transcription.

The nuclear bodies have also been shown to epigenetically regulate gene expression and hence, have implications in human diseases. For example, loss of Cajal bodies in Zebrafish embryos has been shown to arrest their development, illustrating their importance in animal development.

Tags
Subnuclear StructuresEukaryotic CellNucleusNucleolusNuclear DomainsNuclear BodiesCajal BodiesInterchromatin Granule ClustersMembrane less StructuresProteinsRNAsSnRNPsPre mRNA SplicingScaRNAsPost transcriptional ModificationsSpeckles

来自章节 8:

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8.18 : Additional Subnuclear Structures

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8.1 : 什么是基因表达?

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8.2 : RNA 结构

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8.3 : RNA 稳定性

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8.4 : 细菌 RNA 聚合酶

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8.5 : RNA 的类型

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8.6 : 转录

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8.7 : 转录因子

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8.8 : 真核 RNA 聚合酶

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8.9 : RNA 聚合酶 II 辅助蛋白

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8.10 : 转录延伸因子

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8.11 : 前 mRNA 加工

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8.12 : RNA 剪接

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8.13 : 染色质结构调节前体 mRNA 加工

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8.14 : mRNA 的核输出

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