17.3 : 抗癫痫药物：钠通道阻滞剂

Antiepileptic drugs, essential in managing epilepsy, effectively prevent seizures by blocking the movement of sodium ions through channels in the neuron's membrane.

Sodium channel blockers modulate cation channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They prolong the inactivated state of these channels, inhibiting the repetitive firing of action potentials often associated with seizures.

Commonly, sodium channel blockers include phenytoin, carbamazepine, and lamotrigine.

Phenytoin is effective against all focal and tonic-clonic seizures but not against absence seizures.

Carbamazepine and lamotrigine are prescribed for treating generalized tonic-clonic and focal seizures.

These drugs are usually taken orally, with some administered in intravenous form.

Though effective, they may cause common side effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, ataxia, fatigue, and skin rash.