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本文内容

  • 摘要
  • 摘要
  • 引言
  • 研究方案
  • 结果
  • 讨论
  • 披露声明
  • 致谢
  • 材料
  • 参考文献
  • 转载和许可

摘要

所提出的方案描述了一种调查策略和系统评价,以评估舒干洁玉胶囊治疗失眠的临床有效性和安全性。

摘要

通过检索截至 2022 年 2 月 21 日的 7 个数据库,进行了系统评价和荟萃分析,以评估舒干洁玉胶囊治疗失眠的临床有效性和安全性。该研究是按照系统综述和荟萃分析的首选报告项目(PRISMA)指南进行的。使用偏倚风险评估工具评估研究质量。本文详细介绍了如何检索和筛选文献。进行荟萃分析的详细步骤也包含在协议中。14项研究符合条件,包括1,283名失眠患者(基线时644名使用舒干洁宇胶囊,639名未使用舒干洁宇胶囊)。荟萃分析显示,与单独使用西药相比,舒干结玉胶囊和西药联合使用的总临床有效性更好(比值比 [OR]:5.71,95% 置信区间 [CI]:3.56-9.15)和更低的匹兹堡睡眠质量指数 (PSQI) 评分(平均差 [MD]:-2.95,95% CI:-4.97--0.93)。次要结局显示,舒干洁玉胶囊组的不良反应显著减少,睡眠时间、夜间觉醒、做梦过多的噩梦、白天嗜睡和精力不足的改善。必须鼓励进一步的多中心随机试验,以提供更具体的证据,证明舒干洁宇胶囊在常规临床实践中是否有益。

引言

失眠是一种睡眠障碍,其特征是难以入睡、难以维持睡眠以及过早或间歇性醒来1,可引起不适并扰乱日常功能。根据《中国睡眠研究报告(2022)》,2021年中国有超过3亿人患有睡眠障碍,其中成年人失眠患病率高达38.2%2

治疗失眠的西医通常包括心理治疗或药物治疗3.心理疗法,如简单失眠行为疗法和认知失眠行为疗法,旨在改变导致睡眠困难的行为。镇静催眠药可迅速诱导睡眠,也常用于治疗失眠4.然而,这些药物可能具有毒副作用,包括呼吸抑制、低血压和过度镇静。长期使用这些药物可导致依赖性,对患者及其家人造成重大伤害和负担5,6,7。在中医中,失眠被称为"不睡觉"或"失眠",被认为是由肝、肾、脾、心等器官缺陷以及心心功能障碍引起的8。在中医史上,有几位专家描述了失眠的机制;具体来说,失眠被认为是由于内脏功能紊乱、气血失调、紊乱导致营养流失或心灵紊乱而发生的。失眠的基本病理交替是阳阴9的丧失。利用中医药的活性成分,并遵循中药复合的原理,研究10,11,12,13表明,中药在预防和治疗失眠中起着关键作用。治疗失眠的中医的一个例子是舒干洁玉胶囊14,它包括金丝桃连翘 L15,16Acanthopanax senticosus17

Acanthopanax senticosus 18,19 是一种传统中草药,已被用于滋补中气和中肾,镇静心灵。已发现可有效改善失眠、过度做梦和神经衰弱等症状。贯叶连翘20是另一种传统中草药,已显示出抗抑郁特性,其活性成分可能具有与三环类抗抑郁药(TCAS)和选择性血清素再摄取抑制剂(SSRIs)相似的抗抑郁作用,但耐受性更好。已发现贯叶连翘皮的组合可调节神经递质,改善神经元突触可塑性,临床缓解精神疾病引起的失眠;事实上,它改善了肝抑郁症型失眠患者的睡眠质量和认知功能21,22。证候区分是中医的一个独特特征。含有贯叶连翘皮棘皮的舒干结玉胶囊,用于治疗肝气停滞引起的失眠据报道,它可有效改善患者的病情和安全性21,22。结合这两种草药已被证明可以缓解抑郁症,镇静心灵,舒缓肝脏,增强脾脏23,24,25。然而,目前关于舒干洁宇胶囊治疗失眠的临床有效性和安全性,需要更确凿的证据。

治疗失眠的中草药有多种形式,包括汤剂、中成药、膏药和耳穴粘26。以前的研究使用荟萃分析检查了传统中草药对失眠的影响。研究发现,传统中草药可显著改善原发性失眠患者的症状,优于安慰剂,具有广阔的研发潜力27,28。本研究旨在通过系统评价和荟萃分析,评价舒干洁宇胶囊治疗失眠的临床有效性和安全性,以期为舒干洁宇胶囊的使用提供临床依据和指导。

本研究的纳入标准使用人群、干预或暴露、比较、结局 (PICO)框架 29 定义。本研究的纳入标准如下:(1)随机对照试验(RCTs)或半随机对照试验(semi-RCTs),招募了被诊断为失眠的患者30;(2)实验组接受西药联合舒干结玉胶囊,而对照组单独接受西药的研究(西药包括阿普唑仑片31片、利培酮32片、艾司唑仑片33片、阿立哌唑崩解片34片、米氮平35片、草酸艾司西酞普兰片36片、艾司佐匹克隆片37片、佐匹克隆片38片、氟西汀分散片38片39);(3)以中文或英文发表的研究;(4)主要结局为总体临床有效性和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)40的研究。根据《中药证据诊断有效性标准》41 和《中药新药临床研究指引》42,有效的临床结果是指患者在临床上被记录为治愈或显示出有效的结果。确定的次要结局包括睡眠潜伏期、睡眠持续时间、夜间觉醒、做梦过多的噩梦、白天嗜睡、精力不足和睡眠质量,所有这些都通过 PSQI 量表和不良事件的频率进行评估。在这些结果指标中,睡眠潜伏期、睡眠持续时间、夜间觉醒、噩梦、白天嗜睡、精力不足和睡眠质量均使用 PSQI量表 43 进行评估。

排除标准是根据PICO框架定义的。本研究的排除标准如下:(1)与失眠无关的研究;(2)重复发表的研究;(3)非随机对照试验;(4)非临床患者研究,如临床前和动物模型研究;(5)案例报告、评论、会议、评论和学位论文。

研究方案

1. 软件安装

  1. RevMan 软件安装
    1. 前往RevMan官网(见 材料表),根据电脑系统的配置,选择兼容的软件版本,以exe文件的形式下载。
    2. 双击运行 exe 文件: 下一步>选择适当的安装路径>"下一步">完成
  2. EndNote 软件安装
    1. 前往EndNote官网(见 资料表),下载与电脑版本兼容的ZIP文件安装包。
    2. 解压本地文件夹中的ZIP文件。双击启动安装程序。
    3. 配置安装选项: 下一页 > 欢迎使用 Endnote X9 > 我想要 30 天的免费试用> 下一页>我接受许可协议 > Next > Typical > Next > Finish

2. 文献检索和筛选

  1. 创建检索策略。根据包含和排除标准确定搜索词。本研究检索策略的详细信息在 补充文件 1 中提供。
  2. 通过各种数据库(常见数据库:Pubmed、CBM、Web of Science、CNKI、Cochrane Library、VIP、Embase和Wan fang;见 材料表)进行文献检索。以 PubMed 为例:
    1. 转到 PubMed 数据库网站。
    2. 输入基于 Pubmed 搜索规则的检索策略。
      注意:在本研究中,查询可能是("失眠"或"烦躁不安"或"失眠"或"清醒"或"无法入睡")和("中医,中医"或"中医"或"中医"或"中成药"或"舒干结玉胶囊")。在此查询中,运算符"AND"指示研究必须具有所有关键字,运算符"OR"指示研究必须至少具有其中一个关键字,括号指示这些逻辑运算的顺序。本研究的文献检索时间截至2022年2月21日(补充图1A)。
    3. 下载所有检索到的文献: 保存> PubMed > Create 文件 补充图 1B)。
  3. 进行文献筛选。
    注意:以 Pubmed 为例,使用 Endnote。
    1. 导入检索到的文献: 文件>导入>选项>导入选项> PubMed (NLM) >导入补充图 2A)。
    2. 创建包含组和排除组:" 我的组">"创建组集 "或 "创建组"。例如,排除组包含不适当的干预措施、不适当的患者、重复的文献等(补充图2B)。
    3. 删除重复项: 所有引用>引用>查找重复项>取消。然后,选择所有重复的文献。将所有选定的文档拖到"废纸篓"的左侧以将其排除。自动消除重复文献后,再次手动检查以消除任何重复文献(补充图2C)。
    4. 对于文献筛选,首先阅读研究的标题和摘要,删除任何不符合纳入标准的内容,然后进一步阅读全文,以确定是否纳入每项研究。
  4. 考虑对所选研究中的参考文献进行手动检索,以增加检索的详尽性。
  5. 考虑联系文献的通讯作者,要求提供任何缺失或不清楚的数据,以最大限度地纳入研究并避免数据收集的不确定性。
    注意:文献检索和筛选必须由两名或两名以上独立研究人员进行。最终决定应在讨论后做出,否则在出现分歧时必须由第三位研究人员进行判断。
  6. 使用 Microsoft Word 创建 PRISMA 流程图44 ,记录因每种原因检索或排除的研究数量(补充文件 2)。

3. 数据提取

  1. 创建一个 Excel 提取电子表格,其中包含要为每篇文献提取的特定信息列表。例如,这些信息可能包括第一作者、出版年份、样本量(实验组/对照组)、性别、患者年龄、干预措施、治疗持续时间以及实验组和对照组的药物使用情况。
  2. 确保两名审稿人独立进行数据提取,并在讨论后或在第三方研究人员做出判断后做出最终决定。
  3. 总结两组舒干洁宇胶囊治疗失眠的有效性和安全性的结局指标。提取二分类变量结果指标的样本量和组成比例;但是,提取连续变量的均值和标准差。
    注意:当两项或多项纳入的研究提到相同的结局指数时,提取该结局指数的具体数据。例如,这可能包括总临床有效性、PSQI 评分、不良反应等。

4. 偏倚风险评估和证据质量

  1. 使用Cochrane风险评估手册45 评估纳入文献的偏倚风险(RoB)。
    1. 根据七个方面将评估等级分为不明确、低风险和高风险:随机序列生成、受试者和人员盲法、分配隐藏、结果数据不完整、结果评估盲法、选择性报告45 和其他偏倚(其他偏倚是指纳入研究中的潜在偏倚风险,例如与受试者年龄相关的偏倚, 共同干预等)。
  2. 制作质量评估图表。
    1. 创建一个新文件。打开 RevMan 软件: 文件>新建>下一步,然后选择适当的系统评估类型: 系统评估>干预审查>填写标题>下一步>完整审查>完成补充图 3A)。
    2. 添加纳入的文献: 研究和参考文献 > 参考文献 > 纳入的研究 > 添加研究补充图3B)。输入研究 ID(例如,Xiao Juan 2017)24
    3. 输入质量评价结果: 表>研究特征>纳入研究特征。选择要评估的文献,并输入每个项目的评估结果和依据(补充图3C)。
      注意:如果 RoB 为"风险不明确",请在其后面的文本框中输入"风险不明确";否则,它无法显示在质量评估图表中。
    4. 创建 RoB 图表: 图>添加图 > 偏倚风险图或偏倚风险摘要>保存补充图 4A)。
  3. 使用GRADE指南46 评估证据质量,并生成一份汇总表,其中根据证据质量对meta分析中包含的每项研究的结果进行分类。
    注:根据五个因素(偏倚风险、间接性、不精确性、不一致和发表偏倚)对整体质量进行降级,并根据三个因素(大效应量、负偏倚和剂量效应关系)进行升级。GRADE指南将证据质量分为高、中、低和极低,反映了效应估计正确的置信度。
  4. 确保两名审稿人独立评估证据的偏倚风险和质量,并通过讨论或裁决者解决分歧。

5. 荟萃分析

  1. 使用 RevMan 软件开始荟萃分析: 数据和分析>添加比较,然后 添加比较并在完成>输入对照组的名称
  2. 添加结果指示器: 添加结果 >选择变量类型("二分变量"表示二分变量;连续变量的"连续")> 下一步,然后输入结果指标(例如,"总临床有效性"、"PSQI 总体评分")> 完成 补充图 4B)。
  3. 添加研究数据: 添加研究数据,然后选择文献 >完成 补充图5A)。
  4. 创建森林图47:输入 FE 或 RE > 森林图>提取的数据补充图 5B)。
    注意:由于人群和干预的非同质性,本研究中使用随机效应模型来组合所有效应量。

结果

搜索结果
从数据库中共检索到1117项研究,其中中文204项,英文913项。在消除392项重复项后,还剩下725项研究。在阅读了标题和摘要后,还剩下31项研究。最终,通过阅读全文纳入了14项研究。搜索过程和选择过程如 图 1 所示。

研究特征
纳入研究的特征见 表1。这14项研究涉及1,283名失眠患者(644名接受舒干洁宇...

讨论

本研究对舒干洁玉胶囊治疗失眠的有效性和安全性进行了综合评价,并观察到以下结果。在实验组中,将舒干洁玉胶囊联合传统西药使用,提高了失眠患者的整体临床疗效,并提高了PSQI评分。此外,与对照组相比,舒干洁宇胶囊组在睡眠潜伏期、夜间觉醒、噩梦、白天嗜睡、精力不足和睡眠质量等临床结果方面有所改善。

先前的研究表明, 金丝桃连翘L 可以抑制中枢?...

披露声明

作者没有利益冲突需要声明。

致谢

这项工作得到了国家自然基金会(批准号82004504)和四川省中医药管理局(批准号2021MS199)的支持。

材料

NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
EndnoteClarivateFree trial versionEndNote is a widely used reference management tool to help you collect, organize, and share your references. Official website: https://endnote.com/downloads
Microsoft ExcelMicrosoftOfficial VersionMicrosoft Excel, a spreadsheet software with an intuitive interface, excellent computing capabilities and charting tools, is one of the most popular data processing software for personal computers.
Microsoft WordMicrosoftOfficial VersionMicrosoft Word offers a number of easy-to-use document creation tools, as well as a rich set of features for creating complex documents, as well as text formatting or image manipulation.
RevmanCochrane collaborationOfficial VersionReview Manager (RevMan) is the international Cochrane Collaboration's proprietary software for systematic reviewers to produce and maintain Cochrane systematic reviews. Official website: https://training.cochrane.org/online-learning/core-software-cochrane-reviews/revman/revman-5-download/download-and-installation
Database websites
CBMhttp://www.sinomed.ac.cn/
CNKIhttps://www.cnki.net/
Cochrane Libraryhttps://www.cochranelibrary.com/
Embasehttps://www.embase.com/
Pubmedhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
VIPhttp://www.cqvip.com/
Wan fanghttps://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/
Web of Sciencehttp://www.webofscience.com/

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