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Method Article
超极化氙 MRI 可以量化转化研究和临床护理中的区域肺微观结构(气腔尺寸)和生理学(通气和气体交换)。尽管具有挑战性,但它可以在临床前研究中提供类似的肺部见解。该协议描述了在小鼠中执行常规氙肺 MRI 所需的基础设施和程序。
超极化 (HP) 氙 129 (129Xe) 是一种吸入式磁共振成像 (MRI) 造影剂,具有独特的光谱和物理特性,可用于量化肺生理学,包括通气、限制扩散(肺泡空腔大小)和气体交换。在人类中,它已被用于评估各种肺部疾病的疾病严重程度和进展,并在美国和英国被批准用于临床。除了临床应用之外, 129Xe MRI 无创评估肺部病理生理学并提供空间分辨信息的能力对于临床前研究也很有价值。在动物模型中,由于转基因疾病模型的可及性,小鼠使用最广泛。在这里, 129Xe MRI 作为一种微创、无辐射且敏感的技术很有前途,可用于纵向监测肺部疾病进展和治疗反应(例如,在药物发现中)。该技术可以通过结合 MRI 触发的自由呼吸装置或机械呼吸机来输送气体,从而扩展到临床前应用。在这里,我们描述了步骤并提供清单,以确保可靠的数据收集和分析,包括创建用于质量控制的热极化氙气模型、优化极化、动物处理(镇静、插管、通气和小鼠护理)以及通气、限制扩散和气体交换数据的方案。虽然临床前 129Xe MRI 可以应用于各种动物模型(例如,大鼠、猪、羊),但由于小鼠的小解剖结构带来的挑战,该协议侧重于小鼠,这与它们的可负担性和许多疾病模型的可用性相平衡。
虽然肺部疾病仍然是全球发病率和死亡率的主要原因1,但在过去十年中,患者的预后有了显著改善。这些改进部分是由两个因素推动的。首先,III 期临床试验现在将肺功能的变化作为终点而不是死亡率,从而加速了药物试验 2,3,4,5。其次,改进的动物模型的进步为疾病机制提供了见解,并有助于治疗的发展 6,7。小鼠模型通常受到转化研究的青睐,因为它们具有与人类的生理相似性、可负担性和疾病发展速度快。基因工程扩大了可用模型的范围和质量,国际小鼠品系资源现在拥有超过 32,000 种小鼠品系8,而只有 4,218 种大鼠品系(大鼠基因组数据库9)。这些模型为研究一系列肺部疾病的机制驱动因素和治疗反应开辟了新途径,包括慢性阻塞性肺病 (COPD) 10、囊性纤维化 (CF)11、....
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此处描述的所有方法均已获得辛辛那提儿童医院医疗中心的机构动物护理和使用委员会 (IACUC) 的批准。
1. 初步场地准备
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通风图片
如果正确实施动物准备和通气程序,3D 径向成像可以在吸气或呼气时进行数据采集时成功捕获通气模式(图 7)。虽然这些图像是通过多次呼吸收集的,但此处描述的方法类似于人类使用的单次呼吸成像方法。这是因为 k 空间的所有线都是在呼吸周期的特定时间收集的(例如,都在吸气结束时),累积创建.......
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超极化 129Xe MRI 正在成为一种复杂而强大的技术,用于研究小动物模型中的肺微观结构和功能。该协议旨在指导初始站点准备,并描述使用 HP 129Xe 量化小鼠肺部通气、扩散和气体交换所需的实验程序。实验的关键先决条件包括建立 129Xe 气体模型并确保将高气体极化输送到动物。后者需要仔细规划极化参数,减轻气体运输过程中的极化损耗(例如?.......
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Peter Niedbalski 是 Polarean Imaging, Plc 的顾问。
作者对 Jerry Dalke 成为呼吸机制造的指路明灯表示衷心的感谢。我们要感谢 Carter McMaster 酿造 HP 129Xe 气体。我们还要感谢 Matthew Willmering 博士和 Juan Parra-Robles 博士进行的发人深省的科学讨论。使用 BioRender.com 创建的图窗。这项工作由美国国立卫生研究院资助(资助号:NHLBI R01HL143011,R01HL151588)
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Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
1 mL syringe | fisher scientific | Catalog No.14-955-464 | https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/sterile-syringes-single-use-12/14955464 |
10 mL graduated cylinder | Cole-Parmer | UX-34502-69 | https://www.coleparmer.com/i/cole-parmer-essentials-graduated-cylinder-glass-hexagonal-base-10-ml-2-pk/3450269?PubID=UX&persist=true&ip=no& gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAi A6KWvBhAREiwAFPZM7h3do -ssjascARuVviKd7V7kC5ztdIB6 _70DnMr-K3qk9RKeJ7-IrhoCeT 0QAvD_BwE |
18 G - veinous PFTE catheters (nonsterile) | Terumo Surflo | SROX1832CA | https://www.shopmedvet.com/product/iv-catheter-18-x-1-25inch?r=GSS17&p=GSS17&utm_source= google&utm_medium=google_ shopping&gad_source=1&gclid= CjwKCAiA0bWvBhBjEiwAtEsoW 4oTvZkAgWQCda6ocVtQlulVrG 2536FNbu5soMVSFN8xK_g1Uh pXIRoCGwoQAvD_BwE |
20 G - veinous PFTE catheters (nonsterile) | Terumo Surflo | SROX2051CA | https://www.shopmedvet.com/product/iv-catheter-20-x-2inch?r=GSS17&p=GSS17&utm_source =google&utm_medium=google_ shopping&gad_source=1&gclid= CjwKCAiA0bWvBhBjEiwAtEsoW 87ggCkgToD_XF_UgpQBTpmN dgSNfCml6TkDKlW8k27Dq_daR itPuhoCnBQQAvD_BwE |
22 G - veinous PFTE catheters (nonsterile) | Terumo Surflo | SROX2225CA | https://www.shopmedvet.com/product/iv-catheter-22-x-1inch?r=GSS17&p=GSS17&utm_source= google&utm_medium=google_ shopping&gad_source=1&gclid =CjwKCAiA0bWvBhBjEiwAtEso W9IM6mpee6m7e-lBfR8dZhSN KYbMUs7qgEU4gYCRTW_rJAs W_lGkthoCm30QAvD_BwE |
400 mL tedlar bags | Jensen Inert Products | GST-001S-3507TJC | NA |
60 mL syringe | fisher scientific | Catalog No.14-955-461 | https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/sterile-syringes-single-use-12/14955461 |
70% alcohol | Cole-Parmer | UX-80024-34 | https://www.coleparmer.com/i/labchem-isopropyl-alcohol-70-v-v-500-ml/8002434?PubID=UX&persist=true&ip= no&gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKC AiA6KWvBhAREiwAFPZM7gGh p8g7MBHBBKadaRCAwfEMgV gna5fhYRsuXIuqoqOiToCC4fem nhoCGMEQAvD_BwE |
Dewar for liquid nitrogen | Terra Universal | 4LDB | https://www.laboratory-equipment.com/tw-4ldb-liquid-nitrogen-dewar-ic-biomedical.html?srsltid=AfmBOooxwMtOA1Z2TweR P8V5Iy5EvYT3alZuzoiY 3UF3Ib9RgFnDxVTfWP0 |
Eye lubricant | Refresh | REFRESH P.M. | https://www.refreshbrand.com/Products/refresh-pm |
Fiber optic light | AmScope | HL250-AY | https://amscope.com/products/hl250-ay?tw_source=google &tw_adid=&tw_campaign= 16705014684&gad_source= 1&gclid=CjwKCAiA6KWvBhA REiwAFPZM7p-DpyvHJaGxR pAD1385hzGf1oPdKHHLFDR Sp8yrtxry11SNJeJnKxoCtAoQ AvD_BwE |
Gaussmeter | Apex Magnets | GMHT201 | https://www.apexmagnets.com/magnets/accessories/ht-digital-gaussmeter-with-peak-hold-can-display-gauss-or-tesla |
Glass vessel (phantom) | Ace Glass | 8648-24 | https://aceglass.com/results.php?t=8648-24&t=8648-24 |
Heating pad | Office Depot | 9206211 | Pure Enrichment PureRelief Express Designer Series Heating Pad 12 x 15 Palm Aqua - Office Depot |
Hyperpolarizer | Polarean | 9820 | https://polarean.com/xenon-mri-platform/ |
Intubation board | Hallowell EMC | 000A3467 | https://hallowell.com/product/rodent-tilting-workstand/ |
Intubation supplies | Parts list published elsewhere | NA | https://app.jove.com/t/50318/a-simple-method-of-mouse-lung-intubation |
Isotopically enriched xenon cylinder | Linde Isotopes | XE-129(1%)N2(10%)HE CGMP 302SZ | NA |
Liquid nitrogen | Linde | NI LC160-22 | https://www.lindedirect.com/store/product-detail/nitrogen_n2_nitrogen_liquid _lc160_22_psi_ni_lc160_22 /ni-lc160-22?cat_id=shop&node=b89 |
Male slip luer | Cole-Parmer | UX-21943-27 | https://www.coleparmer.com/i/diba-omnifit-t-series-solvent-waste-cap-adapter-polypropylene-male-luer-slip-x-1-16-id-hose-barb-5-pk/2194327 |
Manometer | Grainger | 3T294 | https://www.grainger.com/product/3T294?gucid=N:N:PS: Paid:GGL:CSM-2295:4P7A1P: 20501231&gad_source=1&gclid =CjwKCAiAi6uvBhADEiwAWiyR dltxrPJmmcm0bFiYLuPrB25HV QFdEfKMBqvgJBNdQUs3DZ7b TLr8CRoCanAQAvD_BwE& gclsrc=aw.ds |
Minivent ventilator | harvard apparatus | 73-0044 | https://www.harvardapparatus.com/minivent-ventilator-for-mice-single-animal-volume-controlled-ventilators.html |
Mouse ear puncher | fisher scientific | 13-812-201 | https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/fisherbrand-animal-ear-tag-punch/13812201 |
Mouse tongue depressor | Medical Tools | VRI-617 | https://medical-tools.com/shop/rodent-tongue-depressor.html |
Mouse weight scale | Cole-Parmer | UX-11712-12 | https://www.coleparmer.com/i/adam-equipment-cqt2000-core-portable-balance-2000g-x-1g-220-v/1171212?PubID=UX&persist=true&ip=no&gad _source=1&gclid=CjwKCAiA6K WvBhAREiwAFPZM7iYnAG5Ilc Z5DZWrdJ6wcLDZSCSfNJHOH m2PQOpyyWe0TjFa75R3tBoCjB sQAvD_BwE |
MRI scanner | Bruker | 7T Biospec horizontal system | https://www.bruker.com/de/products-and-solutions/preclinical-imaging/mri/biospec.html |
Multimeter | Home Depot | 1007898529 | https://www.homedepot.com/p/Klein-Tools-600-Volt-Digital-Multi-Meter-Manual-Ranging-MM325/320822947 |
Natural abundance xenon | Linde Isotopes | UN 2036 | NA |
Needle | fisher scientific | 305194 | https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/bd-general-use-precisionglide-hypodermic-needles-20/148266C?keyword=true |
Needle safe syringe holder | fisher scientific | NC2703873 | https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/ndlsafe-ii-syr-uncap-deca/NC2703873#?keyword=needlesafe |
Nitrogen cylinder | Linde | NI M-K | https://www.lindedirect.com/store/product-detail/nitrogen_n2_nitrogen_nf_k/ni-m-k?cat_id=shop&node=b89 |
Oxygen cylinder | Linde | OX M-K | https://www.lindedirect.com/store/product-detail/oxygen_o2_oxygen_usp_k/ox-m-k?cat_id=shop&node=b90 |
Oxygen sensor | Apogee instruments | MO-200 | https://www.apogeeinstruments.com/mo-200-oxygen-sensor-with-handheld-meter/ |
Oxygen sensor inline flowhead | Apogee instruments | AO-002 | https://www.apogeeinstruments.com/ao-002-oxygen-meter-sensor-flow-through-head/ |
PEEP valve | Hallowell EMC | 000A6556A | https://hallowell.com/product/adjustable-peep-valve-with-exhaust-port-range-5-20cm-disposable/ |
Pipette tips | fisher scientific | Catalog No.02-707-108 | Fisherbrand Stack-Rack Space-Saver Tips: 101-1000 L Standard; Blue; Volume: | Fisher Scientific |
Plunger valve | Ace glass | 8648-20 | https://www.aceglass.com/results.php?t=8648 |
Preclinical coil | Doty scientific | custom built | https://dotynmr.com/products/bmax-xy-low-e/ |
Pressure regulators | Cole-Parmer | UX-98202-11 | https://www.coleparmer.com/i/cole-parmer-single-stage-regulator-1500-scfh-capacity-346-cga-fitting/9820211?PubID=UX&persist=true&ip=no& gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAi A6KWvBhAREiwAFPZM7pruR xCAiaj52nA_8Y1nveQZRsD6B f0QO65o2DKFYqRoz0PopSkX QxoCxqcQAvD_BwE |
Pressure-drop ventilator | Parts list published elsewhere | NA | https://sites.duke.edu/driehuyslab/resources/ |
PVC pipe for phantom | Home Depot | 193682 | https://www.homedepot.com/p/IPEX-1-2-in-x-10-ft-White-PVC-SCH-40-Potable-Pressure-Water-Pipe-30-05010HD/319692959 |
SAI animal heating system | SAII | Model 1030 | https://i4sa.com/product/model-1030-monitoring-gating-system/ |
Saline | Farris Laboratories Inc. | 0409488820-1 | https://www.farrislabs.com/products/bacteriostatic-sodium-chloride-0-9-30ml-bottle?variant=42807174824167¤cy =USD&utm_medium=product_ sync&utm_source=google&utm_ content=sag_organic&utm_ campaign=sag_organic&utm_ campaign=gs-2021-09-24&utm _source=google&utm_medium =smart_campaign&gad_source =1&gclid=CjwKCAiA6KWvBh AREiwAFPZM7oS3-hFDETO_2f6OWOoKyBMb WuDuWqYxdWRYUWEkY M2Py73VfGzVtRoC2FQQAvD_BwE |
Sharps container | fisher scientific | 22-730-455 | https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/sharps-container-47/p-7250579#?keyword=needle%20safe |
Silicone epoxy | Grainger | 3KMY7 | https://www.grainger.com/product/3KMY7?gucid=N:N:PS:Paid:GGL:CSM- 2295:4P7A1P:20501231&gad_ source=1&gclid=CjwKCAiA6KW vBhAREiwAFPZM7voahkm8tda t1Euql1A8DFhC6AZVJ0wXzCE PfE6iUzrIJXV-Hl8o4xoCQLYQA vD_BwE&gclsrc=aw.ds |
Silicone mold release lubricant | Grainger | 19MW95 | https://www.grainger.com/product/CRC-Mold-Release-Agent-16-oz-19MW95 |
Spirometer | ADInstruments | FE141 | https://www.adinstruments.com/products/spirometer |
Spirometer - mouse flowhead | ADInstruments | MLT1L | https://www.adinstruments.com/products/respiratory-flow-heads |
Tubing - 1/4 OD | Clippard | URH1-0402-CLT-050 | https://www.clippard.com/part/URH1-0402-CLT-050 |
Tubing - 1/8 OD | Clippard | URH1-0804-CLT-050 | https://www.clippard.com/part/URH1-0402-CLT-050 |
Vacuum pump | Cole-Parmer | UX-60062-11 | https://www.coleparmer.com/i/environmental-express-diaphragm-pump-high-volume-120v/6006211?PubID=UX&persist=true&ip=no&gad _source=1&gclid=CjwKCAiA6K WvBhAREiwAFPZM7uFGwmW pRelHNFgZVvJJV09vDUVyfyG HoKeZTiFNIiVTe-05IpJJPxoCO PoQAvD_BwE |
Wire - 18 gauge | Digikey | 2328-18H240-ND | https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/remington-industries/18H240/15202027?s=N4 IgjCBcoOwBxVAYygMwIYBsDOB TANCAPZQDa4YATPAGwgC6h ADgC5QgDKLATgJYB2AcxAB fQmAAMAFkqIQKSBhwFiZEA GZNATi0SGzNpE48BwsSErqw 6uQqV5CJSOQCsMF%2Bq11 GIVuy58QqLmss4gALbogvy4L AAEAO683LgMIkA |
Xenon polarization measurement station | Polarean | NA | https://polarean.com/xenon-mri-platform/ |
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