Fluorescence-guided Tumor Resection and MSC-seeded Scaffold Implantation in Murine Model: A Surgical Procedure to Deliver Therapeutic Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Brain Tumor Resection Cavity in Mouse Model

Mesenchymal stem cells or MSCs can be genetically engineered to express tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand or TRAIL, which binds to specific receptors on tumor cells inducing apoptosis.

To deliver these MSCs into a tumor-bearing mouse model, first, prepare a TRAIL-expressing MSC-seeded biopolymer scaffold. Next, secure an anesthetized mouse bearing fluorescent-labeled brain tumor on a stereotactic frame. The mouse has a pre-established cranial window for accessing the brain.

Maintain the mouse's body temperature with a heating pad. Sterilize the surgical site and make a midline incision on the scalp. Remove the subdermal fat to reveal the cranial window. Peel off the dura mater from the window, exposing the underlying parenchymal tissue and tumor.

Now, under a fluorescence stereomicroscope, visualize the fluorescent tumor. Aspirate the fluorescent tumor tissue from the brain. Wash with saline to restore the physiological pH. Implant the MSC-seeded scaffold into the resection cavity. Apply a suitable hemostatic agent to secure the scaffold in place. Close the incision and allow the mouse to recover.

Following implantation, tumor cells within the residual tumor foci secrete soluble factors, which facilitate the migration of MSCs from the scaffold towards the tumor cells. The TRAIL proteins secreted by MSCs bind to specific receptors on tumor cells, inducing apoptotic cell death.