琥珀萨斯维尔成立的设备和训练有素的作者在其使用。经费是由一个从NINDS保罗帕特森的资助。

1。这个协议是基于萨斯维尔等。人 （2009年）和卡特等。人 （2001年）。 <ol><li> 1米束束装置由一个12毫米的平面或6毫米宽）休息50厘米以上的两极表的顶端。一个黑盒子被放置在梁端的终点。 （胶合板和其他类型的木材为梁，波兰人，和箱可发现在大多数五金商店）。排料从家里笼放置在黑盒子，吸引了鼠标到终点。一个灯（60瓦灯泡）是用来照耀起点以上的光，和作为一个厌恶刺激。跨中心80厘米的时间是衡量两项议案探测器（Visopia编造）：0厘米，启动一个计时器，并在80厘米，停止计时器之一。尼龙吊床（可从当地的面料商店获得）是捉襟见肘，下面的梁〜7.5厘米以上表的顶部，以减轻任何下降。在三角架上设置一个视频摄像机记录性能。在此演示中使用的仪器是建立在现场。 </li><li>一个小鼠的每个条件至少有10队列，建议本次测试。老鼠被安置组，在可能的时候，在12个小时的灯（上午7时至下午7时）/暗周期和驯化他们的笼子在测试开始前至少2周的行为设施。培训/测试前约10分钟后，小鼠可运束装置的房间内。 </li><li>在天的培训中，每个鼠标超过12毫米光束的3倍和6毫米的光束的3倍。梁更宽的宽度（即28毫米），可用于小鼠无法越过窄的或较大的小鼠。小鼠被放置在梁的一端跨在另一端的逃生框（80厘米的距离）是由运动探测器测量所需的时间。启动计时器鼠标进入中心80厘米的鼻子，停了下来，当动物达到80厘米年底。小鼠休息10分钟之间的培训班他们的家庭笼上的两束。在此intertrial期间，另一3-4小鼠可以训练，有效利用时间。 C57BL / 6小鼠通常跨梁，用少量的停止或拖延。然而，当他们做摊位，嗅或看不继续向前，研究者应鼓励鼠标继续打回原形，戳，或带着手套的手指从背后推向前迈进。一旦小鼠保险箱，允许他们有未来的审判之前休息一段时间（〜15秒）。每次训练后，老​​鼠直接返回他们家的鸡笼，并考虑他们的居住房间。值得注意的是，老鼠可能会停止，如果他们过度训练，并成为太熟悉任务和仪器。另一方面，培训可以继续额外的天，如果老鼠不经过2天的培训遍历整个梁成功。如果应用到小鼠的治疗，基线测量的性能，应事先获得治疗。 </li><li>在考试当天，有时相互交叉梁被记录下来。两个试验取得成功，在该鼠标没有摊位在横梁上的平均值。可用于更精细的分析，滑倒和其他观察到​​的电机赤字的这些录像。评估束走的另一种方法是由神经的计分制 1,2，其中利率无法跨梁作为一个“1”的得分能力遍历束束表面上的两个爪子通常少于两个一脚震为“7”。被定义为未来梁上方的脚一滑。在这个索引系统，一个“3”的得分将对应跨越梁拖拽四肢。分数1两项试验是不复检的动物。菲尼等人 （1982年）和卡特等人，（2001）等几十束性能的描述中可以找到。 </li><li>梁和箱清洗老鼠屎，并与前束放在仪器上，用70％的乙醇，然后用水浸泡毛巾擦干。 </li></ol> 2。代表性的成果： <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2376/2376fig1.jpg" alt="图1" /> 图1典型的跨时代的男性和女性C57BL66毫米和12mm光束。 9日至11周龄C57BL/6-NCRL WT小鼠的队列进行了测试两束，经过2天的培训。过12毫米光束的平均次数分别为4.6 ±男性为0.4秒（N = 14）和3.3 ± 0.3秒（N = 11）为女性。 6毫米束时间分别为6.8 ±男性为0.7秒（N = 13）和5.9 ± 0.5秒为女性（N = 10）（错误报告为教育统筹局局长）。

<ol>
	<li>Feeney, D. M., Gonzalez, A., Law, W. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Amphetamine,+haloperidol,+and+experience+interact+to+affect+rate+of+recovery+after+motor+cortex+injury.">Amphetamine, haloperidol, and experience interact to affect rate of recovery after motor cortex injury.</a> Science. 217, 855-857 (1982).</li><li>Carter, R. J., Morton, J., Dunnett, S. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Motor+coordination+and+balance+in+rodents.">Motor coordination and balance in rodents.</a> Curr Protoc Neurosci. Chapter 8, (2001).</li><li>Wallace, J. E., Krauter, E. E., Campbell, B. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Motor+and+reflexive+behavior+in+the+aging+rat.">Motor and reflexive behavior in the aging rat.</a> J Gerontol. 35, 364-370 (1980).</li><li>Brooks, S. P., Dunnett, S. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tests+to+assess+motor+phenotype+in+mice:+a+user's+guide.">Tests to assess motor phenotype in mice: a user's guide.</a> Nat Rev Neurosci. 10, 519-529 (2009).</li><li>Fox, G. B., Fan, L., Levasseur, R. A., Faden, A. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sustained+sensory/motor+and+cognitive+deficits+with+neuronal+apoptosis+following+controlled+cortical+impact+brain+injury+in+the+mouse.">Sustained sensory/motor and cognitive deficits with neuronal apoptosis following controlled cortical impact brain injury in the mouse.</a> J Neurotrauma. 15, 599-614 (1998).</li><li>Buccafusco, J. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Methods of behavioral analysis in neuroscience. , (2009).</li><li>Southwell, A. L., Ko, J., Patterson, P. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intrabody+gene+therapy+ameliorates+motor,+cognitive,+and+neuropathological+symptoms+in+multiple+mouse+models+of+Huntington's+disease.">Intrabody gene therapy ameliorates motor, cognitive, and neuropathological symptoms in multiple mouse models of Huntington's disease.</a> J Neurosci. 29, 13589-13602 (2009).</li><li>Carter, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+progressive+motor+deficits+in+mice+transgenic+for+the+human+Huntington's+disease+mutation.">Characterization of progressive motor deficits in mice transgenic for the human Huntington's disease mutation.</a> J Neurosci. 19, 3248-3257 (1999).</li><li>Gulinello, M., Chen, F., Dobrenis, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+deficits+in+motor+coordination+and+cognitive+dysfunction+in+a+mouse+model+of+the+neurodegenerative+lysosomal+storage+disorder,+Sandhoff+disease.">Early deficits in motor coordination and cognitive dysfunction in a mouse model of the neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder, Sandhoff disease.</a> Behav Brain Res. 193, 315-319 (2008).</li><li>Stanley, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+mouse+beam+walking+assay+offers+improved+sensitivity+over+the+mouse+rotarod+in+determining+motor+coordination+deficits+induced+by+benzodiazepines.">The mouse beam walking assay offers improved sensitivity over the mouse rotarod in determining motor coordination deficits induced by benzodiazepines.</a> J Psychopharmacol. 19, 221-227 (2005).</li></ol>

动物实验是由加州理工学院的机构动物护理和使用委员会（IACUC）规定的准则和法规的规定执行。

在平衡木上的表现是良好的协调和平衡的一个有益的措施，已经由以前的工作验证。束测试可以检测到在年轻人和老年人的啮齿类动物 2,3,4的电机由于年龄的赤字，中枢神经SYST`病变，遗传和药理操作。小鼠皮层的影响病变往往表现出对侧束5,6滑倒。束测试也被用来区分野生型（WT）和亨廷顿病（HD）的小鼠模型的运动技能，随着时间的推移，并评估治疗 7,8 HD小鼠的改善。...

<ul><li>梁：1米条与小型，中型，和大型广场（即，6，12和28毫米宽）断面光滑的木</li><li>支撑架托起开始部分所提出的光束（〜1.5厘米，50厘米的横截面高） </li><li>目标框（每边20厘米）安装在一个支持的立场（3厘米的横截面，50厘米高） </li><li>吊床〜7.5厘米以上的桌面</li><li> 60瓦（W）台灯</li><li>摄像机，三脚架，空白录像带</li><li>乙醇，纸巾，清洁用品</li></ul>

assessment of motor balance and coordination in mice using the balance beam

脑损伤，遗传操作和药物治疗，可以导致小鼠的运动技能的改动。精细动作的协调和平衡，可梁步行试验评估。此测试的目的是为鼠标停留直立步行到一个安全的平台和跨高架窄波束。这个测试需要连续超过3天：2天的培训和测试1天。在横梁上的表现是量化测量的时间，它需要鼠标遍历梁和爪子单的过程中发生的数量。在这里，我们的报告在我们的实验室中使用的协议，并代表从C57BL / 6小鼠的队列结果。这个任务是特别有用的检测，可能不会被其他电机测试，如Rotarod检测到的运动技能和平衡的微妙的赤字。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assessment of Motor Balance and Coordination in Mice using the Balance Beam at JoVE.com

Assessment of Motor Balance and Coordination in Mice using the Balance Beam

在精细动作协调的赤字可以平衡木测试与评估。在横梁上的表现是量化，由梁走过的速度和在横梁上滑动鼠标的次数。

在小鼠体内的汽车平衡和协调的评估使用的平衡木

Brain injury, genetic manipulations, and pharmacological treatments can result in alterations of motor skills in mice.  Fine motor coordination and ...

assessment-motor-balance-coordination-mice-using-balance

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

46.0K 次观看.  California Institute of Technology. 在精细动作协调的赤字可以平衡木测试与评估。在横梁上的表现是量化，由梁走过的速度和在横梁上滑动鼠标的次数。

视频: Assessment of Motor Balance and Coordination in Mice using the Balance Beam

Measuring Motor Coordination in Mice

Mice are increasingly being used in behavioral neuroscience, largely replacing rats as the behaviorist's animal of choice. Before aspects of behavior such as emotionality or cognition can be assessed, however, it is vital to determine whether the motor capabilities of e.g. a mutant or lesioned mouse allow such an assessment. Performance on a maze task requiring strength and coordination, such as the Morris water maze, might well be impaired in a mouse by motor, rather than cognitive, impairments, so it is essential to selectively dissect the latter from the former. For example, sensorimotor impairments caused by NMDA antagonists have been shown to impair water maze performance2. 
Motor coordination has traditionally been assessed in mice and rats by the rotarod test, in which the animal is placed on a horizontal rod that rotates about its long axis; the animal must walk forwards to remain upright and not fall off. Both set speed and accelerating versions of the rotarod are available.
The other three tests described in this article (horizontal bar, static rods and parallel bars) all measure coordination on static apparatus. The horizontal bar also requires strength for adequate performance, particularly of the forelimbs as the mouse initially grips the bar just with the front paws. 
Adult rats do not perform well on tests such as the static rods and parallel bars (personal observations); they appear less well coordinated than mice. I have only tested male rats, however, and male mice seem generally less well coordinated than females. Mice appear to have a higher strength:weight ratio than rats; the Latin name, Mus musculus, seems entirely appropriate. The rotarod, the variations of the foot fault test12 or the Catwalk (Noldus)15 apparatus are generally used to assess motor coordination in rats.

Protocols are presented for two established motor coordination tasks, the accelerating rotarod and horizontal bar, also two tests developed in Oxford recently, the static rods and parallel bars. These tests can detect motor impairments potentially of interest in their own right, as well as being possible variables in tests of other areas of behavior.

测量小鼠运动协调

Mice are increasingly being used in behavioral neuroscience, largely replacing rats as the behaviorist's animal of choice. Before aspects of behavior such ...

科研

神经科学

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities

Opioid-induced hyperalgesia and tolerance severely impact the clinical efficacy of opiates as pain relievers in animals and humans. The molecular mechanisms underlying both phenomena are not well understood and their elucidation should benefit from the study of animal models and from the design of appropriate experimental protocols. 
We describe here a methodological approach for inducing, recording and quantifying morphine-induced hyperalgesia as well as for evidencing analgesic tolerance, using the tail-immersion and tail pressure tests in wild-type mice. As shown in the video, the protocol is divided into five sequential steps. Handling and habituation phases allow a safe determination of the basal nociceptive response of the animals. Chronic morphine administration induces significant hyperalgesia as shown by an increase in both thermal and mechanical sensitivity, whereas the comparison of analgesia time-courses after acute or repeated morphine treatment clearly indicates the development of tolerance manifested by a decline in analgesic response amplitude. This protocol may be similarly adapted to genetically modified mice in order to evaluate the role of individual genes in the modulation of nociception and morphine analgesia. It also provides a model system to investigate the effectiveness of potential therapeutic agents to improve opiate analgesic efficacy.

We describe a protocol to examine the development of opioid-induced hyperalgesia and tolerance in mice. Based on the measurement of thermal and mechanical nociceptive responses of na&#239;ve and morphine-treated animals, it allows to quantify the increase in pain sensitivity (hyperalgesia) and decrease in analgesia (tolerance) associated with chronic opiate administration.

吗啡诱发的痛觉过敏和镇痛耐受小鼠中利用热和机械伤害性的评估方式

Opioid-induced hyperalgesia and tolerance severely impact the clinical efficacy of opiates as pain relievers in animals and humans. The molecular ...

The Neuromuscular Junction: Measuring Synapse Size, Fragmentation and Changes in Synaptic Protein Density Using Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the large, cholinergic relay synapse through which mammalian motor neurons control voluntary muscle contraction. Structural changes at the NMJ can result in neurotransmission failure, resulting in weakness, atrophy and even death of the muscle fiber. Many studies have investigated how genetic modifications or disease can alter the structure of the mouse NMJ. Unfortunately, it can be difficult to directly compare findings from these studies because they often employed different parameters and analytical methods. Three protocols are described here. The first uses maximum intensity projection confocal images to measure the area of acetylcholine receptor (AChR)-rich postsynaptic membrane domains at the endplate and the area of synaptic vesicle staining in the overlying presynaptic nerve terminal. The second protocol compares the relative intensities of immunostaining for synaptic proteins in the postsynaptic membrane. The third protocol uses Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) to detect changes in the packing of postsynaptic AChRs at the endplate. The protocols have been developed and refined over a series of studies. Factors that influence the quality and consistency of results are discussed and normative data are provided for NMJs in healthy young adult mice.

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is altered in a variety of conditions that can sometimes culminate in synaptic failure. This report describes fluorescence microscope-based methods to quantify such structural changes.

神经肌肉接头处：测量突触大小，碎片和改变突触蛋白密度利用共聚焦荧光显微镜

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the large, cholinergic relay synapse through which mammalian motor neurons control voluntary muscle contraction. ...

Assessment of Dendritic Arborization in the Dentate Gyrus of the Hippocampal Region in Mice

Dendritic arborization has been shown to be a reliable marker for examination of structural and functional integrity of neurons. Indeed, the complexity and extent of dendritic arborization correlates well with the synaptic plasticity in these cells. A reliable method for assessment of dendritic arborization is needed to characterize the deleterious effects of neurological disorders on these structures and to determine the effects of therapeutic interventions. However, quantification of these structures has proven to be a formidable task given their complex and dynamic nature. Fortunately, sophisticated imaging techniques can be paired with conventional staining methods to assess the state of dendritic arborization, providing a more reliable and expeditious means of assessment. Below is an example of how these imaging techniques were paired with staining methods to characterize the dendritic arborization in wild type mice. These complementary imaging methods can be used to qualitatively and quantitatively assess dendritic arborization that span a rather wide area within the hippocampal region.

We describe two methods for visualization and quantification of dendritic arborization in the hippocampus of mouse models: real-time and extended depth of field imaging. While the former method allows sophisticated topographical tracing and quantification of the extent of branching, the latter allows speedy visualization of the dendritic tree.

树突分支中的海马区对小鼠的齿状回评

Dendritic arborization has been shown to be a reliable marker for examination of structural and functional integrity of neurons. Indeed, the complexity ...

A Human-machine-interface Integrating Low-cost Sensors with a Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation System for Post-stroke Balance Rehabilitation

A stroke is caused when an artery carrying blood from heart to an area in the brain bursts or a clot obstructs the blood flow to brain thereby preventing delivery of oxygen and nutrients. About half of the stroke survivors are left with some degree of disability. Innovative methodologies for restorative neurorehabilitation are urgently required to reduce long-term disability. The ability of the nervous system to reorganize its structure, function and connections as a response to intrinsic or extrinsic stimuli is called neuroplasticity. Neuroplasticity is involved in post-stroke functional disturbances, but also in rehabilitation. Beneficial neuroplastic changes may be facilitated with non-invasive electrotherapy, such as neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and sensory electrical stimulation (SES). NMES involves coordinated electrical stimulation of motor nerves and muscles to activate them with continuous short pulses of electrical current while SES involves stimulation of sensory nerves with electrical current resulting in sensations that vary from barely perceivable to highly unpleasant. Here, active cortical participation in rehabilitation procedures may be facilitated by driving the non-invasive electrotherapy with biosignals (electromyogram (EMG), electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram (EOG)) that represent simultaneous active perception and volitional effort. To achieve this in a resource-poor setting, e.g., in low- and middle-income countries, we present a low-cost human-machine-interface (HMI) by leveraging recent advances in off-the-shelf video game sensor technology. In this paper, we discuss the open-source software interface that integrates low-cost off-the-shelf sensors for visual-auditory biofeedback with non-invasive electrotherapy to assist postural control during balance rehabilitation. We demonstrate the proof-of-concept on healthy volunteers.

A novel low-cost human-machine interface for interactive post-stroke balance rehabilitation system is presented in this article. The system integrates off-the-shelf low-cost sensors towards volitionally driven electrotherapy paradigm. The proof-of-concept software interface is demonstrated on healthy volunteers.

人机界面集成的低成本传感器，具有神经肌肉电刺激系统中风后康复平衡

A stroke is caused when an artery carrying blood from heart to an area in the brain bursts or a clot obstructs the blood flow to brain thereby preventing ...

Functional and Morphological Assessment of Diaphragm Innervation by Phrenic Motor Neurons

This protocol specifically focuses on tools for assessing phrenic motor neuron (PhMN) innervation of the diaphragm at both the electrophysiological and morphological levels. Compound muscle action potential (CMAP) recording following phrenic nerve stimulation can be used to quantitatively assess functional diaphragm innervation by PhMNs of the cervical spinal cord in vivo in anesthetized rats and mice. Because CMAPs represent simultaneous recording of all myofibers of the whole hemi-diaphragm, it is useful to also examine the phenotypes of individual motor axons and myofibers at the diaphragm NMJ in order to track disease- and therapy-relevant morphological changes such as partial and complete denervation, regenerative sprouting and reinnervation. This can be accomplished via whole-mount immunohistochemistry (IHC) of the diaphragm, followed by detailed morphological assessment of individual NMJs throughout the muscle. Combining CMAPs and NMJ analysis provides a powerful approach for quantitatively studying diaphragmatic innervation in rodent models of CNS and PNS disease.

Compound muscle action potential recording quantitatively assesses functional diaphragm innervation by phrenic motor neurons. Whole-mount diaphragm immunohistochemistry assesses morphological innervation at individual neuromuscular junctions. The goal of this protocol is to demonstrate how these two powerful methodologies can be used in various rodent models of spinal cord disease.

隔膜的神经支配膈运动神经元的功能和形态评估

This protocol specifically focuses on tools for assessing phrenic motor neuron (PhMN) innervation of the diaphragm at both the electrophysiological and ...

Assessment of Hippocampal Dendritic Complexity in Aged Mice Using the Golgi-Cox Method

Dendritic spines are the protuberances from the neuronal dendritic shafts that contain&#160; excitatory synapses. The morphological and branching variations of the neuronal dendrites within the hippocampus are implicated in cognition and memory formation. There are several approaches to Golgi staining, all of which have been useful for determining the morphological characteristics of dendritic arbors and produce a clear background. The present Golgi-Cox method, (a slight variation of the protocol that is provided with a commercial Golgi staining kit), was designed to assess how a relatively low dose of the chemotherapeutic drug 5-flurouracil (5-Fu) would affect dendritic morphology, the number of spines, and the complexity of arborization within the hippocampus. The 5-Fu significantly modulated the dendritic complexity and decreased the spine density throughout the hippocampus in a region-specific manner. The data presented show that the Golgi staining method effectively stained the mature neurons in the CA1, the CA3, and the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. This protocol reports the details for each step so that other researchers can reliably stain tissue throughout the brain with high quality results and minimal troubleshooting.

Here we present a Golgi-Cox protocol in extensive detail. This reliable tissue stain method allows for a high-quality assessment of the cytoarchitecture in the hippocampus, and throughout the entire brain, with minimal troubleshooting.

使用高尔基Cox方法评估老年小鼠海马树突状复杂性

Dendritic spines are the protuberances from the neuronal dendritic shafts that contain&#160; excitatory synapses. The morphological and branching ...

Retrograde Neuroanatomical Tracing of Phrenic Motor Neurons in Mice

Phrenic motor neurons are cervical motor neurons originating from C3 to C6 levels in most mammalian species. Axonal projections converge into phrenic nerves innervating the respiratory diaphragm. In spinal cord slices, phrenic motor neurons cannot be identified from other motor neurons on morphological or biochemical criteria. We provide the description of procedures for visualizing phrenic motor neuron cell bodies in mice, following intrapleural injections of cholera toxin subunit beta (CTB) conjugated to a fluorophore. This fluorescent neuroanatomical tracer has the ability to be caught up at the diaphragm neuromuscular junction, be carried retrogradely along the phrenic axons and reach the phrenic cell bodies. Two methodological approaches of intrapleural CTB delivery are compared: transdiaphragmatic versus transthoracic injections. Both approaches are successful and result in similar number of CTB-labeled phrenic motor neurons. In conclusion, these techniques can be applied to visualize or quantify the phrenic motor neurons in various experimental studies such as those focused on the diaphragm-phrenic circuitry.

Here, we describe a protocol for identifying phrenic motor neurons in mice after intrapleural delivery of fluorophore conjugated cholera toxin subunit beta. Two techniques are compared to inject the pleural cavity: transdiaphragmatic versus transthoracic approaches.

小鼠膈运动神经元逆行神经解剖学追踪的研究

Phrenic motor neurons are cervical motor neurons originating from C3 to C6 levels in most mammalian species. Axonal projections converge into phrenic ...

3D Kinematic Analysis for the Functional Evaluation in the Rat Model of Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury

Compared to the Sciatic Functional Index (SFI), kinematic analysis is a more reliable and sensitive method for performing functional evaluations of sciatic nerve injury rodent models. In this protocol, we describe a novel kinematic analysis method that uses a three-dimensional (3D) motion capture apparatus for functional evaluations using a rat sciatic nerve crush injury model. First, the rat is familiarized with treadmill walking. Markers are then attached to the designated bone landmarks and the rat is made to walk on the treadmill at the desired speed. Meanwhile, the posterior limb movements of the rat are recorded using four cameras. Depending on the software used, marker tracings are created using both automatic and manual modes and the desired data are produced after subtle adjustments. This method of kinematic analysis, which uses a 3D motion capture apparatus, offers numerous advantages, including superior precision and accuracy. Many more parameters can be investigated during the comprehensive functional evaluations. This method has several shortcomings that require consideration: The system is expensive, can be complicated to operate, and may produce data deviations due to skin shifting. Nevertheless, kinematic analysis using a 3D motion capture apparatus is useful for performing functional anterior and posterior limb evaluations. In the future, this method may become increasingly useful for generating accurate assessments of various traumas and diseases.

We introduce a kinematic analysis method that uses a three-dimensional motion capture apparatus containing four cameras and data processing software for performing functional evaluations during fundamental research involving rodent models.

坐骨神经粉碎损伤大鼠模型中功能评估的3D运动学分析

Compared to the Sciatic Functional Index (SFI), kinematic analysis is a more reliable and sensitive method for performing functional evaluations of ...

Laser-Induced Brain Injury in the Motor Cortex of Rats

A common technique for inducing stroke in experimental rodent models involves the transient (often denoted as MCAO-t) or permanent (designated as MCAO-p) occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) using a catheter. This generally accepted technique, however, has some limitations, thereby limiting its extensive use. Stroke induction by this method is often characterized by high variability in the localization and size of the ischemic area, periodical occurrences of hemorrhage, and high death rates. Also, the successful completion of any of the transient or permanent procedures requires expertise and often lasts for about 30 minutes. In this protocol, a laser irradiation technique is presented that can serve as an alternative method for inducing and studying brain injury in rodent models.
When compared to rats in the control and MCAO groups, the brain injury by laser induction showed reduced variability in body temperature, infarct volume, brain edema, intracranial hemorrhage, and mortality. Furthermore, the use of a laser-induced injury caused damage to the brain tissues only in the motor cortex unlike in the MCAO experiments where destruction of both the motor cortex and striatal tissues is observed.
Findings from this investigation suggest that laser irradiation could serve as an alternative and effective technique for inducing brain injury in the motor cortex. The method also shortens the time for completing the procedure and does not require expert handlers.

The protocol presented here shows a technique to create a rodent model of brain injury. The method described here uses laser irradiation and targets motor cortex.

大鼠运动皮层中的激光诱发脑损伤

A common technique for inducing stroke in experimental rodent models involves the transient (often denoted as MCAO-t) or permanent (designated as MCAO-p) ...