1。患者准备<ol><li>被称为肿瘤医学部为基准的神经兴奋性测试之前开始对化疗的患者。 </li><li>必须确定病人适宜的兴奋性测试。患者应排除在外，如果他们有一个历史的或基线周围神经病变的神经电生理证据，已收到之前毒性的化疗治疗，或有任何禁忌的兴奋性测试。 </li></ol> 2。轴突兴奋程序<ol><li>承担对正中神经的感觉和运动神经的兴奋性协议，使用半自动化的电脑系统QTracS（神经病学研究所，英国女王广场，），一个孤立的线性双极恒流刺激（Digitimer，韦林花园城，英国）和放大器（蓝宝石IIA，Medelec，英国）。 </li><li>准备在手腕和前臂皮肤表面与磨料的凝胶或垫，以减少皮肤性，应用酒精擦拭。 </li><li>准备录制现场，马达录音与非极化电极置于拇短展肌和参考电极4厘米的远端记录复合肌肉动作电位（的CMap）的腹部肌肉。 </li><li>为感官录音准备录制现场 - 用环形电极分别放置在近端和远端指间关节的记录和参考电极，记录化合物的感官动作电位（CSAPs）。 </li><li>放置一个电中性地球板块在掌心，用导电胶。 </li><li>在录制设置的电气噪声应尽可能去除，使用1哄骗50/60 Hz噪声消除（任务科学仪器，北温哥华，加拿大）。 </li><li>刺激正中神经在腕部。刺激部位应选择门槛最低的网站，使用一个重新定位的双极电极和随后的非-Polarizable电极。 </li><li>阳极电极应放在刺激电极从超过骨近端10厘米。 </li><li>在刺激整个测试现场监测温度，确保温度超过32°C </li></ol> 3。轴突兴奋性协议<ol><li>逐步增加的刺激，直到反应是最大的，并且不增加刺激的强度进一步增加时，记录刺激响应曲线。 </li><li>阈值跟踪的目标幅度自动设置为30％-40％的幅度最大，相应的陡斜坡上的刺激 - 反应曲线面积。 </li><li>每博斯托克等人 ，1998年法，电流阈值的变化需要实现的目标幅度在线跟踪。 </li><li>记录包括多个兴奋阈值电紧张（TE），回收周期（RC）和电流阈值（的I / V）的关系参数，描述在基尔南等人，2000年和基尔南等。，2001年。 </li><li>阈值电紧张进行评估使用100ms的阈极化电流，极化电流设置为控制阈值的±40％（ 图1）。在阈值电流的变化，需要保持目标响应的幅度后，两德和超极化记录。阈值电紧张提供一个节间的电导和膜电位的评估与反应中的极化方向，在偏光强烈脉冲膜电位（MS 90-100）结束。 </li><li>配对脉冲范例（ 图2），使用初始超强空调，在不同的时间间隔（从2.5毫秒到200毫秒）测试刺激刺激经济复苏周期评估。超强刺激，更难以产生后续反应，称为"耐火度"，反映失活电压-Gated钠离子通道。不应期之后，发生了便利的期间为superexcitability。 </li><li>电流阈值之间的关系进行评估，使用偏光200毫秒从+50％-100％的阈值电流强度变化。 </li></ol> 4。病人的评估<ol><li>使用这些技术，患者整个化疗治疗急性和纵向评估。评估急性毒性，患者接受治疗的48小时内返回化疗后评估。 </li><li>检查慢性神经毒性，化疗输液之前采取的评估是纵向比较，整个治疗周期。 </li><li>此外轴突兴奋性测试，传统的临床分级尺度应采用通用标准评估化疗引起的神经毒性，包括国家癌症研究所 - 不良事件神经病感觉量表，共有病变分数和帕特ient报告结果评估。 </li></ol> 5。分析和解释<ol><li>为了确定急性毒性，结果进行了比较前和化疗后的治疗。评估神经功能的纵向变化的发展，在治疗结果进行了比较。评估的关键参数包括耐火度，superexcitability，在阈值电紧张（极化90-100毫秒）阈值的变化范围，除了传统的参数，如峰值振幅和延迟。 </li><li>评估在治疗的兴奋性参数的整体变化，复合兴奋得分计算。总结，从最初到最终处理的superexcitability，耐火度以及阈值电紧张（极化90-100毫秒） - - 三个参数的变化，给一个整体的变化的标志。 </li></ol> 6。代表结果兴奋的结果的例子在拍拍奥沙利铂治疗ient提供。立即奥沙利铂注射后，在感觉和运动神经的兴奋性急性发展变化，暗示功能的钠离子通道10 -13的发展。然而，在多兴奋的参数显着的变化逐步发展跨奥沙利铂治疗，只有在感觉神经轴突与运动神经元轴突的影响（ 图3），反映普遍感觉轴索损伤和膜电位变化。这种模式匹配的慢性奥沙利铂神经毒性症状的临床表现。在感觉神经轴突兴奋性的改变之前的峰值幅度减少使用传统的神经传导技术评估，并建议轴突兴奋的技术，可提供敏感的评估工具，为早期奥沙利铂神经毒性。 <img alt="图1" src="/files/ftp_upload/3439/3439fig1.jpg" /> 图1。 </st荣毅仁&gt;阈值电紧张，描绘偏振极化方向的电流（100毫秒），延长阈波形绘制在底部象限（蓝色）和极化方向绘制在右上腹（红色）。下面是激励波形产生的阈值电紧张反应。 <img alt="图2" src="/files/ftp_upload/3439/3439fig2.jpg" /> 图2。恢复周期的兴奋性，降低兴奋期（耐火度）3毫秒超强刺激后的兴奋性增高（superexcitability）期间，在5调峰证明后冲动传导的兴奋性变化的特征序列， -7毫秒，随后降低兴奋性（subexcitability）。成对的脉冲范式刺激协议插图。 <img alt="图3" src="/files/ftp_upload/3439/3439fig3.jpg" /> 无花果由图3。基线记录 ​​显示在白色显示的黑色和治疗后的录音，奥沙利铂治疗4-6个月后，在奥沙利铂治疗的患者感觉轴突兴奋性的改变。这些变化被认为是反映了广泛的轴索损伤和膜电位变化。在肿瘤设置兴奋设置的图片显示在左侧。 <a href="http://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/3439/3439fig3large.jpg" target="_blank">点击这里查看大图</a> 。

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我们什么都没有透露。

化疗引起的神经病变，是一种治疗癌症的严重的副作用，这可能会影响疗程，并产生长期的病人残疾。有一个缺乏敏感和客观的评估措施，专门测量化疗治疗的患者的神经功能障碍。轴突兴奋性技术的临床发展提供了有益的和预测的信息，评估化疗引起的神经毒性。通过提供有关离子通道的功能，静息电位和轴突膜功能的信息，这些技术使在接受化疗的癌症患者的相关性轴索功能障碍的病理生理过程的洞察力。此外，轴突兴奋的技术已被证明是可行的，在临床肿瘤学设置，可在5-10分钟内完成一个单一的测试。 在奥沙利铂治疗的患者中，轴突兴奋的技术提供一个敏感的生物标志物，使患者的早期识别，在严重的神经毒性的风险。在已经发生了比较传统的神经传导研究确定奥沙利铂引起神经损伤，轴索损失后，轴突兴奋的研究提供了神经功能障碍的预测指标前轴突损失。因此，可利用轴突兴奋性研究提供潜在的神经保护策略的临床试验，神经功能评估，客观地确定神经保护作用。

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> 设备和材料 </td><td> 公司 </td></tr><tr><td> QTracS方案</td><td> digitimer，神经病学研究所，英国女王广场， </td></tr><tr><td> DS5孤立的线性双极型恒流刺激</td><td> digitimer </td></tr><tr><td>蓝宝石IIA级放大器</td><td> medelec </td></tr><tr><td>哄骗50/60 Hz噪声消除</td><td>追求科学仪器</td></tr><tr><td>非极化电极</td><td> unomedical </td></tr><tr><td>电中性地球板块</td><td> unomedical </td></tr></tbody></table>

nerve excitability assessment in chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity

化疗引起的神经毒性，是一种治疗癌症，其中发生的一些最常用的化疗1,2严重的后果。化疗引起的周围神经病变产生于四肢麻木和感觉异常的症状，并可能进步与精细动作技能和行走困难，从而导致功能障碍。除了产生令人不安的症状，化疗引起的神经病变可导致减少剂量或停止治疗早期治疗成功限制。神经症状可能会持续长期，否则预后良好的病人留下永久性神经损伤。由于化疗更经常地利用作为一种预防性措施，存活率增加，长期持久和显着的神经毒性的重要性将会增加。 有没有既定的神经保护或治疗方案和缺乏敏感的评估方法。 appropr神经毒性的的滴管评估将作为预后因子和神经保护剂适用于未来的审判端点的关键。电流的方法来评估化疗引起的神经病变的严重程度，利用临床为基础的分级，这已被证明缺乏敏感性改变和观察员间的客观性4尺度。传统的神经传导研究提供有关复合动作电位幅度和传导速度，这是相对非具体措施和不提供洞察到离子通道的功能或静息膜电位的信息。因此，以前的研究已经证明，传统的神经传导不敏感，化疗引起的神经毒性4-6早期变化。相比较而言，神经兴奋性研究利用阈值跟踪技术已开发，使体内的离子通道，泵和热交换器的评估，在大的人类髓轴突7-9。 已经建立了神经兴奋性技术作为一种工具，研究开发和化疗引起的神经毒性10-13严重性。组成的兴奋性参数的数量，可用于神经兴奋性研究，以评估急性毒性产生后立即输液和慢性的，累积的神经毒性的发展。神经兴奋性技术在临床上是可行的，每个只有5至10分钟才能完成测试。神经兴奋设备很容易商业化，并已制定便携式系统，可以使患者在输液中心的设置原位测试。此外，这些技术可以适应多个化疗使用。 在与使用，主要用于大肠癌，化疗奥沙利铂治疗的患者，神经兴奋性技术提供了一种方法，以确定病人T-慢性神经病发病前的神经毒性的风险。神经兴奋性的研究发现急性钠离子通道在电机和10-13感觉轴突的发展。重要的是，谁表现出兴奋性的改变，在早期治疗的患者随后更可能患上中度至严重 ​​的神经毒性11。然而，在治疗中，引人注目的纵向变化进行鉴定，只有在感觉轴突能够预测临床神经功能结果，80％的患者10。这些变化表现出不同的模式，以敏锐地看到奥沙利输液，最有可能反映了发展的显着性轴索损伤和感觉神经膜电位变化，纵向发展在奥沙利铂治疗10。在早期治疗，减少神经功能的常规措施之前，任何显着的异常，这表明前citability参数可能提供了一个敏感的生物标志物。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity at JoVE.com

Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity

这个抽象描述了一种新的方法来评估神经毒性的发展，在接受化疗治疗的患者。而传统的评估方法检测神经功能的早期变化的能力有限，神经兴奋性技术在严重的神经毒性和洞察到的病理生理的风险提供患者的早期识别。

化疗引起的毒性神经的兴奋性评估

Chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity is a serious consequence of cancer treatment, which occurs with some of the most commonly used chemotherapies1,2. ...

nerve-excitability-assessment-in-chemotherapy-induced-neurotoxicity

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18.1K 次观看.  University of New South Wales. 这个抽象描述了一种新的方法来评估神经毒性的发展，在接受化疗治疗的患者。而传统的评估方法检测神经功能的早期变化的能力有限，神经兴奋性技术在严重的神经毒性和洞察到的病理生理的风险提供患者的早期识别。

视频: Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity

A Neuronal and Astrocyte Co-Culture Assay for High Content Analysis of Neurotoxicity

High Content Analysis (HCA) assays combine cells and detection reagents with automated imaging and powerful image analysis algorithms, allowing measurement of multiple cellular phenotypes within a single assay. In this study, we utilized HCA to develop a novel assay for neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicity assessment represents an important part of drug safety evaluation, as well as being a significant focus of environmental protection efforts. Additionally, neurotoxicity is also a well-accepted in vitro marker of the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Recently, the application of HCA to neuronal screening has been reported. By labeling neuronal cells with &beta;III-tubulin, HCA assays can provide high-throughput, non-subjective, quantitative measurements of parameters such as neuronal number, neurite count and neurite length, all of which can indicate neurotoxic effects. However, the role of astrocytes remains unexplored in these models. Astrocytes have an integral role in the maintenance of central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis, and are associated with both neuroprotection and neurodegradation when they are activated in response to toxic substances or disease states. GFAP is an intermediate filament protein expressed predominantly in the astrocytes of the CNS. Astrocytic activation (gliosis) leads to the upregulation of GFAP, commonly accompanied by astrocyte proliferation and hypertrophy. This process of reactive gliosis has been proposed as an early marker of damage to the nervous system. The traditional method for GFAP quantitation is by immunoassay. This approach is limited by an inability to provide information on cellular localization, morphology and cell number. We determined that HCA could be used to overcome these limitations and to simultaneously measure multiple features associated with gliosis - changes in GFAP expression, astrocyte hypertrophy, and astrocyte proliferation - within a single assay. In co-culture studies, astrocytes have been shown to protect neurons against several types of toxic insult and to critically influence neuronal survival. Recent studies have suggested that the use of astrocytes in an in vitro neurotoxicity test system may prove more relevant to human CNS structure and function than neuronal cells alone. Accordingly, we have developed an HCA assay for co-culture of neurons and astrocytes, comprised of protocols and validated, target-specific detection reagents for profiling &beta;III-tubulin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). This assay enables simultaneous analysis of neurotoxicity, neurite outgrowth, gliosis, neuronal and astrocytic morphology and neuronal and astrocytic development in a wide variety of cellular models, representing a novel, non-subjective, high-throughput assay for neurotoxicity assessment. The assay holds great potential for enhanced detection of neurotoxicity and improved productivity in neuroscience research and drug discovery.

This article describes a novel protocol and reagent set designed for sensitive measurement of neurotoxic effects of compounds and treatments on co-cultures of neurons and astrocytes using high content analysis. Results demonstrate that high content analysis represents an exciting novel technology for neurotoxicity assessment.

一个神经元和星形胶质细胞共培养检测神经毒性的高含量分析

High Content Analysis (HCA) assays combine cells and detection reagents with automated imaging and powerful image analysis algorithms, allowing ...

科研

生物学

Real-Time Impedance-based Cell Analyzer as a Tool to Delineate Molecular Pathways Involved in Neurotoxicity and Neuroprotection in a Neuronal Cell Line

Many brain-related disorders have neuronal cell death involved in their pathophysiology. Improved in vitro models to study neuroprotective or neurotoxic effects of drugs and downstream pathways involved would help gain insight into the molecular mechanisms of neuroprotection/neurotoxicity and could potentially facilitate drug development. However, many existing in vitro toxicity assays have major limitations &#8211; most assess neurotoxicity and neuroprotection at a single time point, not allowing to observe the time-course and kinetics of the effect. Furthermore, the opportunity to collect information about downstream signaling pathways involved in neuroprotection in real-time would be of great importance. In the current protocol we describe the use of a real-time impedance-based cell analyzer to determine neuroprotective effects of serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptor agonists in a neuronal cell line under label-free and real-time conditions using impedance measurements. Furthermore, we demonstrate that inhibitors of second messenger pathways can be used to delineate downstream molecules involved in the neuroprotective effect. We also describe the utility of this technique to determine whether an effect on cell proliferation contributes to an observed neuroprotective effect. The system utilizes special microelectronic plates referred to as E-Plates which contain alternating gold microelectrode arrays on the bottom surface of the wells, serving as cell sensors. The impedance readout is modified by the number of adherent cells, cell viability, morphology, and adhesion. A dimensionless parameter called Cell Index is derived from the electrical impedance measurements and is used to represent the cell status. Overall, the real-time impedance-based cell analyzer allows for real-time, label-free assessment of neuroprotection and neurotoxicity, and the evaluation of second messenger pathways involvement, contributing to more detailed and high-throughput assessment of potential neuroprotective compounds in vitro, for selecting therapeutic candidates.

Improved in vitro neurotoxicity assays would aid the identification of new neuroprotective compounds. The utility of a real-time impedance-based cell analyzer to determine cytotoxicity and cytoprotection in neuronal cell lines and to delineate the involvement of second messenger pathways, thus gaining insight in the mechanism of neuroprotection is presented.

作为一种工具来描绘分子途径参与神经毒性和神经保护神经元细胞在线实时阻抗为基础的细胞分析仪

Many brain-related disorders have neuronal cell death involved in their pathophysiology. Improved in vitro models to study neuroprotective or neurotoxic ...

神经科学

A Neurite Outgrowth Assay and Neurotoxicity Assessment with Human Neural Progenitor Cell-Derived Neurons

Neurite outgrowth assay and neurotoxicity assessment are two major studies that can be performed using the presented method herein. This protocol provides reliable analysis of neuronal morphology together with quantitative measurements of modifications on neurite length and synaptic protein localization and abundance upon treatment with small molecule compounds. In addition to the application of the presented method in neurite outgrowth studies, neurotoxicity assessment can be performed to assess, distinguish and rank commercial chemical compounds based on their potential developmental neurotoxicity effect.
Even though cell lines are nowadays widely used in compound screening assays in neuroscience, they often differ genetically and phenotypically from their tissue origin. Primary cells, on the other hand, maintain important markers and functions observed in vivo. Therefore, due to the translation potential and physiological relevance that these cells could offer neurite outgrowth assay and neurotoxicity assessment can considerably benefit from using human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) as the primary human cell model.
The presented method herein can be utilized to screen for the ability of compounds to induce neurite outgrowth and neurotoxicity by taking advantage of the human neural progenitor cell-derived neurons, a cell model closely representing human biology.&#34;

The presented protocol describes a method for a neurite outgrowth assay and neurotoxicity assessment of small molecule compounds.

神经石生长分析与神经毒性评估与人类神经原生细胞衍生神经元

Neurite outgrowth assay and neurotoxicity assessment are two major studies that can be performed using the presented method herein. This protocol provides ...

发育生物学

Functional Evaluation of Biological Neurotoxins in Networked Cultures of Stem Cell-derived Central Nervous System Neurons

Therapeutic and mechanistic studies of the presynaptically targeted clostridial neurotoxins (CNTs) have been limited by the need for a scalable, cell-based model that produces functioning synapses and undergoes physiological responses to intoxication. Here we describe a simple and robust method to efficiently differentiate murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into defined lineages of synaptically active, networked neurons. Following an 8 day differentiation protocol, mouse embryonic stem cell-derived neurons (ESNs) rapidly express and compartmentalize neurotypic proteins, form neuronal morphologies and develop intrinsic electrical responses. By 18 days after differentiation (DIV 18), ESNs exhibit active glutamatergic and &#947;-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic synapses and emergent network behaviors characterized by an excitatory:inhibitory balance. To determine whether intoxication with CNTs functionally antagonizes synaptic neurotransmission, thereby replicating the in vivo pathophysiology that is responsible for clinical manifestations of botulism or tetanus, whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology was used to quantify spontaneous miniature excitatory post-synaptic currents (mEPSCs) in ESNs exposed to tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) or botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) serotypes /A-/G. In all cases, ESNs exhibited near-complete loss of synaptic activity within 20 hr. Intoxicated neurons remained viable, as demonstrated by unchanged resting membrane potentials and intrinsic electrical responses. To further characterize the sensitivity of this approach, dose-dependent effects of intoxication on synaptic activity were measured 20 hr after addition of BoNT/A. Intoxication with 0.005 pM BoNT/A resulted in a significant decrement in mEPSCs, with a median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.013 pM. Comparisons of median doses indicate that functional measurements of synaptic inhibition are faster, more specific and more sensitive than SNARE cleavage assays or the mouse lethality assay. These data validate the use of synaptically coupled, stem cell-derived neurons for the highly specific and sensitive detection of CNTs.

A custom protocol is described to differentiate mouse ES cells into defined populations of highly pure neurons exhibiting functioning synapses and emergent network behavior. Electrophysiological analysis demonstrates the loss of synaptic transmission following exposure to botulinum neurotoxin serotypes /A-/G and tetanus neurotoxin.

生物神经毒素在茎的网络文化功能评估细胞衍生的中枢神经系统神经元

Therapeutic and mechanistic studies of the presynaptically targeted clostridial neurotoxins (CNTs) have been limited by the need for a scalable, ...

Assessment of Neuromuscular Function Using Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

Percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is a non-invasive method commonly used to evaluate neuromuscular function from brain to muscle (supra-spinal, spinal and peripheral levels). The present protocol describes how this method can be used to stimulate the posterior tibial nerve that activates plantar flexor muscles. Percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation consists of inducing an electrical stimulus to a motor nerve to evoke a muscular response. Direct (M-wave) and/or indirect (H-reflex) electrophysiological responses can be recorded at rest using surface electromyography. Mechanical (twitch torque) responses can be quantified with a force/torque ergometer. M-wave and twitch torque reflect neuromuscular transmission and excitation-contraction coupling, whereas H-reflex provides an index of spinal excitability. EMG activity and mechanical (superimposed twitch) responses can also be recorded during maximal voluntary contractions to evaluate voluntary activation level. Percutaneous nerve stimulation provides an assessment of neuromuscular function in humans, and is highly beneficial especially for studies evaluating neuromuscular plasticity following acute (fatigue) or chronic (training/detraining) exercise.

We present a protocol to assess changes in neuromuscular function. Percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is a non-invasive method that evokes muscular responses. Electrophysiological and mechanical properties of these responses permit the evaluation of neuromuscular function from brain to muscle (supra-spinal, spinal and peripheral levels).

神经肌肉功能的应用经皮神经电刺激评估

Percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is a non-invasive method commonly used to evaluate neuromuscular function from brain to muscle (supra-spinal, ...

In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurement of the Rat Ulnar Nerve with Axonal Excitability Testing

Electrophysiology enables the objective assessment of peripheral nerve function in vivo. Traditional nerve conduction measures such as amplitude and latency detect chronic axon loss and demyelination, respectively. Axonal excitability techniques &#34;by threshold tracking&#34; expand upon these measures by providing information regarding the activity of ion channels, pumps and exchangers that relate to acute function and may precede degenerative events. As such, the use of axonal excitability in animal models of neurological disorders may provide a useful in vivo measure to assess novel therapeutic interventions. Here we describe an experimental setup for multiple measures of motor axonal excitability techniques in the rat ulnar nerve.
The animals are anesthetized with isoflurane and carefully monitored to ensure constant and adequate depth of anesthesia. Body temperature, respiration rate, heart rate and saturation of oxygen in the blood are continuously monitored. Axonal excitability studies are performed using percutaneous stimulation of the ulnar nerve and recording from the hypothenar muscles of the forelimb paw. With correct electrode placement, a clear compound muscle action potential that increases in amplitude with increasing stimulus intensity is recorded. An automated program is then utilized to deliver a series of electrical pulses which generate 5 specific excitability measures in the following sequence: stimulus response behavior, strength duration time constant, threshold electrotonus, current-threshold relationship and the recovery cycle.
Data presented here indicate that these measures are repeatable and show similarity between left and right ulnar nerves when assessed on the same day. A limitation of these techniques in this setting is the effect of dose and time under anesthesia. Careful monitoring and recording of these variables should be undertaken for consideration at the time of analysis.

In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurement of the Rat Ulnar Nerve with Axonal Excitability Testing

Axonal excitability techniques provide a powerful tool to examine pathophysiology and biophysical changes that precede irreversible degenerative events. This manuscript demonstrates the use of these techniques on the ulnar nerve of anesthetized rats.

在体内轴突兴奋性试验对大鼠尺神经的电生理测量

Electrophysiology enables the objective assessment of peripheral nerve function in vivo. Traditional nerve conduction measures such as amplitude and ...

Open-Source Real-Time Closed-Loop Electrical Threshold Tracking for Translational Pain Research

Nociceptors are a class of primary afferent neurons that signal potentially harmful noxious stimuli. An increase in nociceptor excitability occurs in acute and chronic pain conditions. This produces abnormal ongoing activity or reduced activation thresholds to noxious stimuli. Identifying the cause of this increased excitability is required for the development and validation of mechanism-based treatments. Single-neuron electrical threshold tracking can quantify nociceptor excitability. Therefore, we have developed an application to allow such measurements and demonstrate its use in humans and rodents. APTrack provides real-time data visualization and action potential identification using a temporal raster plot. Algorithms detect action potentials by threshold crossing and monitor their latency after electrical stimulation. The plugin then modulates the electrical stimulation amplitude using an up-down method to estimate the electrical threshold of the nociceptors. The software was built upon the Open Ephys system (V0.54) and coded in C++ using the JUCE framework. It runs on Windows, Linux, and Mac operating systems. The open-source code is available (<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://github.com/Microneurography/APTrack&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1680789829274000&amp;usg=AOvVaw0nMk9J_EI2jUn8SlmC5JJm" href="https://github.com/Microneurography/APTrack" target="_blank">https://github.com/Microneurography/APTrack</a>). The electrophysiological recordings were taken from nociceptors in both a mouse skin-nerve preparation using the teased fiber method in the saphenous nerve and in healthy human volunteers using microneurography in the superficial peroneal nerve. Nociceptors were classified by their response to thermal and mechanical stimuli, as well as by monitoring the activity-dependent slowing of the conduction velocity. The software facilitated the experiment by simplifying the action potential identification through the temporal raster plot. We demonstrate real-time closed-loop electrical threshold tracking of single-neuron action potentials during&#160;in vivo&#160;human microneurography, for the first time, and during&#160;ex vivo&#160;mouse electrophysiological recordings of C-fibers and A&#948;-fibers. We establish proof of principle by showing that the electrical threshold of a human heat-sensitive C-fiber nociceptor is reduced by heating the receptive field. This plugin enables the electrical threshold tracking of single-neuron action potentials and allows the quantification of changes in nociceptor excitability.

APTrack is a software plugin developed for the Open Ephys platform that enables real-time data visualization and the closed-loop electrical threshold tracking of neuronal action potentials. We have successfully used this in microneurography for human C-fiber nociceptors and mouse C-fiber and A&#948;-fiber nociceptors.

用于转化疼痛研究的开源实时闭环电阈值跟踪

Nociceptors are a class of primary afferent neurons that signal potentially harmful noxious stimuli. An increase in nociceptor excitability occurs in ...

加强 CINV 管理：传统中医方法

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) refers to the nausea and vomiting experienced by patients after the application of chemotherapy drugs, significantly affecting their quality of life and physical recovery, as well as increasing the pain of the patients. Basic medicine primarily focuses on acid suppression, gastric protection, and vomiting suppression, but there are still many patients with nausea and vomiting symptoms that cannot be alleviated. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can effectively alleviate nausea and vomiting through acupoint stimulation and pressure, while also offering advantages such as simplicity, affordability, and fewer side effects. The aim of this article is to introduce the method of using acupoint application combined with acupressure as an adjunctive therapy for CINV, using the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) Antiemesis Tool (MAT) tablet scale as a questionnaire. The article details aspects such as acupoint selection, production, and the use of acupoint application, massage techniques, and operating procedures, all with the goal of ensuring the safety and efficacy of acupoint application combined with acupressure as an adjuvant therapy, thereby improving patients&#39; clinical symptoms and quality of life.

作者聚焦： 使用穴位应用和穴位按压对化疗引起的恶心和呕吐进行有效的非药物管理

Acupoint application combined with acupressure-assisted treatment has a good effect on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and is more convenient and cost-effective.

穴位应用联合穴位按压作为化疗引起的恶心呕吐的辅助治疗

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) refers to the nausea and vomiting experienced by patients after the application of chemotherapy drugs, ...

化疗引起的毒性神经的兴奋性评估

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此视频中的章节

一个神经元和星形胶质细胞共培养检测神经毒性的高含量分析

作为一种工具来描绘分子途径参与神经毒性和神经保护神经元细胞在线实时阻抗为基础的细胞分析仪

神经石生长分析与神经毒性评估与人类神经原生细胞衍生神经元

生物神经毒素在茎的网络文化功能评估细胞衍生的中枢神经系统神经元

神经肌肉功能的应用经皮神经电刺激评估

在体内轴突兴奋性试验对大鼠尺神经的电生理测量

用于转化疼痛研究的开源实时闭环电阈值跟踪

穴位应用联合穴位按压作为化疗引起的恶心呕吐的辅助治疗

穴位应用联合穴位按压作为化疗引起的恶心呕吐的辅助治疗

穴位应用联合穴位按压作为化疗引起的恶心呕吐的辅助治疗