我们感谢Shahragim Tajbakhsh博士提供MYF5 + / nLacZ小鼠。我们也感谢亚历山大HRON和迈克尔Baumrucker这个手稿的批判性阅读。这项工作是由肌肉萎缩症协会（MDA）和格雷戈里Marzolf小的MD中心奖助学金支持。

动物被容纳在一个SPF环境和由研究动物资源明尼苏达大学（RAR）进行了监测。该动物以适当的方式安乐死（CO 2吸入或氯化钾注射液被麻醉的IP注射圣阿韦坦（250毫克/公斤）后，所有协议获得批准的机构动物护理和使用委员会（IACUC，码数：1304-30492明尼苏达大学的）。 1，从分离小鼠骨骼肌单个核细胞<ol><li>适当牺牲1或2年轻的成年小鼠（3-8周）。 <ol><li>捏和狭缝与锋利的剪刀腹部的皮肤。剥落的皮肤完全展现三头肌和后肢肌肉（拉在相反方向的皮肤）。 </li><li>删除所有腿部骨骼肌肉（胫前肌，腓肠肌，股四头肌）和三头肌沿着骨头用剪刀。然后在10cm平板转移至肌肉冰冷的无菌PBS中。 </li></ol></li><li> 1-2小鼠1盘：洗血脱在PBS肌肉和肌肉转移到一个新的无菌6厘米板。 </li><li>解剖显微镜下去除结缔组织，血管，神经束和成脂组织。 </li><li>用剪刀用于眼科，切割和切碎的组织成光滑的纸浆（ 图1A和1B）。尽量不留下大的碎片，因为它们将不容易被酶溶液进行细分。 </li><li>转移剁碎肌肉成猎鹰50ml管中，并加入5 ml的胶原酶溶液（0.2％胶原酶类型的DMEM 2在10％FBS）。在37℃下60分钟。 </li><li>磨碎（向上和向下与18号针头），以均匀的混合物（ 图1C）。然后进一步在37℃孵育混合物15分钟。 </li><li>再次磨碎，以均质混合物中解离成单细胞悬液。添加的DMEM 2％FBS的最多至50ml成单细胞悬浮液并混合好。 </li><li>放置一个细胞过滤网（70微米）至Falcon 50ml管中（ 图1D）。传送含有脱落的细胞到细胞过滤上清液，吸取细胞悬液向上和向下的过滤器，直到它穿过。 </li><li>通过血球计数细胞数。离心管在2,000 rpm在4℃下5分钟;吸，弃上清。 </li><li>重悬在DMEM10毫升2％FBS。离心管在2,000 rpm在4℃下5分钟;吸，弃上清。 </li><li>重悬于200微升2％胎牛血清的DMEM和转移的细胞悬液注入的1.5 ml离心管中。通常情况下，约2×10 6个细胞应从1小鼠的肌肉被收获。细胞将稀释至1×10 6个细胞在DMEM中加入100μl2％FBS的浓度。 </li></ol> 2，抗体染色分离 - MACS 在接下来的公关ocedures，用无菌缓冲液保持无菌条件。加入抗体的每个卷和细胞悬浮介质是计算从1小鼠全肌肉细胞。如果细胞是从2个或更多的小鼠收获，试剂的量应被优化。 <ol><li>添加每个CD31-PE，CD45-PE，的Sca-1-PE和整合素α7抗体为200微升的细胞悬浮液的1微升。在冰上孵育30分钟。 </li><li>洗涤细胞：温育后，加入DMEM1毫升2％FBS到细胞悬浮在1.5mL管中，并离心分离机在2000rpm下在4℃下3分钟。重复此步骤两次。 </li><li>吸，弃上清。 </li><li>悬浮细胞用200微升2％FBS的DMEM培养基中，并加入10微升的抗PE磁珠。在冰上孵育30分钟。 </li><li>洗涤细胞：温育后，加入1 ml的MACS缓冲液，以细胞悬浮液中的1.5 ml离心管，然后离心以2,000 rpm在4℃下3分钟。重复此步骤，总重量冰。请注意，电池应通过MACS缓冲液由磁性柱被分离之前洗涤。 </li><li>吸，弃上清。重悬细胞用1.0毫升的MACS缓冲液中。 </li><li>成立LD柱在磁板上，并冲洗色谱柱2.0毫升MACS缓冲液（ 图1E）。 </li><li>细胞悬液转移到LD柱，并收集流过级分至1.5 ml管中。该馏分含有PE-阴性细胞。 </li><li>离心机以2,000 rpm在4℃下进行3分钟，吸出并弃去上清液。 </li><li>悬浮细胞用200μl2％FBS的DMEM中，并加入10微升的抗小鼠IgG磁珠。在冰上孵育30分钟。 </li><li>洗涤细胞：温育后，加入1 ml的MACS缓冲液进入细胞悬浮在1.5ml管中，然后离心以2,000 rpm在4℃下3分钟。吸，弃上清。重复此步骤两次。重悬细胞用500μlMACS缓冲液。 </li><li>设置MS柱在磁板上，并冲洗色谱柱用500μlMACS缓冲液（ 图1F）。 </li><li>转移细胞悬浮液涂布到MS柱，并弃去流过级分（整合素α7-阴性细胞）。 </li><li>冲洗用1毫升MACS缓冲液，然后重复此步骤两次。 </li><li>漂洗后，从分离器的磁场删除的列。申请1.0毫升的MACS缓冲液上柱，并通过从塔的顶部推压注射器柱塞洗脱磁性标记的细胞（整合素α7-阳性细胞）至1.5 ml微量离心管中。收集流过到1.5ml的试管中。重复洗脱用1.5ml的MACS缓冲液和收集流过。 </li><li>离心机以2,000 rpm在4℃下进行3分钟，吸出并弃去上清液。 </li><li>悬浮纯化的细胞用1ml的成肌细胞培养基（20％FBS的含火腿的F-10与bFGF）的，并且板单元上的Matrigel包被的10厘米板用8ml成肌细胞中的（5毫升6厘米板）（ 图1G）。需要注意的是1-2×10 5细胞可以潜在地从1完整小鼠肌肉中分离。 </li></ol> 3。维护<ol><li>与成肌细胞培养基喂养细胞每隔一天。越来越多的成肌细胞的外观是一个小而圆的形状在其核MyoD的表达（ 图2），并表达Pax7（数据未显示）。 </li><li>成肌细胞应该50％汇合之前启动细胞融合时进行传代或。用PBS漂洗一次后，培养细胞用0.25％胰蛋白酶溶液，在37℃下在CO 2培养箱中3分钟，并收集分离的细胞，成肌细胞培养基中。离心细胞（1,000 rpm离心5分钟）后，暂停与成肌细胞介质和replate细胞到新的基质胶包被的平板上。胶原包被的板可以通道3后使用。一板通常可以分成三到五个板块。 </li></ol> 4。迪菲rentiation <ol><li> REFEED与分化中的每一天。 </li><li>通过在分化培养基2天，成肌细胞退出细胞周期和进行分化成肌球蛋白重链（MHC）阳性细胞。这些myoctyes开始细胞融合与对方产生多核肌管。通常情况下，大部分的成肌细胞成为MHC-阳性差分单核细胞或肌管（ 图2）通过在分化培养基3-5天。 </li></ol> 5，成肌细胞移植到小鼠的骨骼肌再生<ol><li>腹腔（IP）注射麻醉小鼠与圣阿韦坦（250毫克/千克）。 </li><li>剃了头发皮肤上绕胫前（TA）的肌肉。成肌细胞移植二十四小时前，10微米CTX（50微升）肌内注射到NOD / SCID小鼠的TA肌肉通过一个31 G胰岛素注射器通过剃光皮肤（ 图诱发肌肉再生60，3）。 </li><li>增殖的成肌细胞解离，用0.25％胰蛋白酶溶液中，以1,000 rpm离心5分钟。吸，弃上清。重悬1×10 6个细胞与50μl的DMEM 2％FBS的。转移悬浮细胞成一个31 G的胰岛素注射器。 </li><li>受体小鼠将通过IP注射进行麻醉，用阿佛丁（250毫克/千克），以及1×10 6个成肌细胞（ 图2）肌内注射到再生的TA肌肉。 </li><li>收获的TA肌肉由1-4周细胞注射用于组织学分析（ 图3）之后。 </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Fukada, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Purification+and+cell-surface+marker+characterization+of+quiescent+satellite+cells+from+murine+skeletal+muscle+by+a+novel+monoclonal+antibody.">Purification and cell-surface marker characterization of quiescent satellite cells from murine skeletal muscle by a novel monoclonal antibody.</a> Exp. Cell Res. 296, 245-255 (2004).</li><li>Hirai, H., Verma, M., Watanabe, S. C. T., Asakura, Y., Asakura, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MyoD+regulates+apoptosis+of+myoblasts+through+microRNA-mediated+down-regulation+of+Pax3.">MyoD regulates apoptosis of myoblasts through microRNA-mediated down-regulation of Pax3.</a> J. Cell Biol. (191), 347-365 (2010).</li><li>Asakura, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stem+cells+in+adult+skeletal+muscle.">Stem cells in adult skeletal muscle.</a> Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 13, 123-128 (2003).</li><li>Partridge, T. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cells+that+participate+in+regeneration+of+skeletal+muscle.">Cells that participate in regeneration of skeletal muscle.</a> Gene Ther. 9, 752-753 (2002).</li><li>Collins, C. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stem+cell+function,+self-renewal,+and+behavioral+heterogeneity+of+cells+from+the+adult+muscle+satellite+cell+niche.">Stem cell function, self-renewal, and behavioral heterogeneity of cells from the adult muscle satellite cell niche.</a> Cell. 122, 289-301 (2005).</li><li>Montarras, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+isolation+of+satellite+cells+for+skeletal+muscle+regeneration.">Direct isolation of satellite cells for skeletal muscle regeneration.</a> Science. 309, 2064-2067 (2005).</li><li>Sacco, A., Doyonnas, R., Kraft, P., Vitorovic, S., Blau, H. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Self-renewal+and+expansion+of+single+transplanted+muscle+stem+cells.">Self-renewal and expansion of single transplanted muscle stem cells.</a> Nature. 456, 502-506 (2008).</li><li>Conboy, M. J., Cerletti, M., Wagers, A. J., Conboy, I. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immuno-analysis+and+FACS+sorting+of+adult+muscle+fiber-associated+stem/precursor+cells.">Immuno-analysis and FACS sorting of adult muscle fiber-associated stem/precursor cells.</a> Methods Mol. Biol. 621, 165-173 (2010).</li><li>Yokoyama, T., Huard, J., Chancellor, M. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Myoblast+therapy+for+stress+urinary+incontinence+and+bladder+dysfunction.">Myoblast therapy for stress urinary incontinence and bladder dysfunction.</a> World J. Urol. 18, 56-61 (2000).</li><li>Menasche, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Skeletal+muscle+satellite+cell+transplantation.">Skeletal muscle satellite cell transplantation.</a> Cardiovasc. Res. 58, 351-357 (2000).</li><li>Huard, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Myoblast+transplantation+produced+dystrophin-positive+muscle+fibres+in+a+16-year-old+patient+with+Duchenne+muscular+dystrophy.">Myoblast transplantation produced dystrophin-positive muscle fibres in a 16-year-old patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.</a> Clin. Sci. 81, 287-288 (1991).</li><li>Tremblay, J. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Results+of+a+triple+blind+clinical+study+of+myoblast+transplantations+without+immunosuppressive+treatment+in+young+boys+with+Duchenne+muscular+dystrophy.">Results of a triple blind clinical study of myoblast transplantations without immunosuppressive treatment in young boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.</a> Cell Transplant. 2, 99-112 (1993).</li><li>Gussoni, E., Blau, H. M., Kunkel, L. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+fate+of+individual+myoblasts+after+transplantation+into+muscles+of+DMD+patients.">The fate of individual myoblasts after transplantation into muscles of DMD patients.</a> Nat. Med. 3, 970-977 (1997).</li><li>Palmieri, B., Tremblay, J. P., Daniele, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Past,+present+and+future+of+myoblast+transplantation+in+the+treatment+of+Duchenne+muscular+dystrophy.">Past, present and future of myoblast transplantation in the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.</a> Pediatr. Transplant. 14, 813-819 (2010).</li><li>Mollet, M., Godoy-Silva, R., Berdugo, C., Chalmers, J. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acute+hydrodynamic+forces+and+apoptosis:+a+complex+question.">Acute hydrodynamic forces and apoptosis: a complex question.</a> Biotechnol. Bioeng. 98, 772-788 (2007).</li><li>Asakura, A., Rudnicki, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Side+population+cells+from+diverse+adult+tissues+are+capable+of+in+vitro+hematopoietic+differentiation.">Side population cells from diverse adult tissues are capable of in vitro hematopoietic differentiation.</a> Exp. Hematol. 30, 1339-1345 (2002).</li><li>Asakura, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increased+survival+of+muscle+stem+cells+lacking+the+MyoD+gene+after+transplantation+into+regenerating+skeletal+muscle.">Increased survival of muscle stem cells lacking the MyoD gene after transplantation into regenerating skeletal muscle.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104, 16552-16557 (2007).</li><li>Gerard, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real-time+monitoring+of+cell+transplantation+in+mouse+dystrophic+muscles+by+a+secreted+alkaline+phosphatase+reporter+gene.">Real-time monitoring of cell transplantation in mouse dystrophic muscles by a secreted alkaline phosphatase reporter gene.</a> Gene Ther. 16, 815-819 .</li><li>Tajbakhsh, S., Rocancourt, D., Cossu, G., Buckingham, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Redefining+the+genetic+hierarchies+controlling+skeletal+myogenesis+Pax-3+and+Myf-5+act+upstream+of+MyoD.">Redefining the genetic hierarchies controlling skeletal myogenesis Pax-3 and Myf-5 act upstream of MyoD.</a> Cell. 89, 127-138 (1997).</li><li>Beauchamp, J. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expression+of+CD34+and+Myf5+defines+the+majority+of+quiescent+adult+skeletal+muscle+satellite+cells.">Expression of CD34 and Myf5 defines the majority of quiescent adult skeletal muscle satellite cells.</a> J. Cell Biol. 151, 1221-1134 (2000).</li><li>Sabourin, L. A., Girgis-Gabardo, A., Seale, P., Asakura, A., Rudnicki, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reduced+differentiation+potential+of+primary+MyoD-/-+myogenic+cells+derived+from+adult+skeletal+muscle.">Reduced differentiation potential of primary MyoD-/- myogenic cells derived from adult skeletal muscle.</a> J. Cell Biol. 144, 631-643 (1999).</li><li>Bischoff, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regeneration+of+single+skeletal+muscle+fibers+in+vitro.">Regeneration of single skeletal muscle fibers in vitro.</a> Anat. Rec. 182, 215-235 (1975).</li><li>Asakura, A., Seale, P., Girgis-Gabardo, A., Rudnicki, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Myogenic+specification+of+side+population+cells+in+skeletal+muscle.">Myogenic specification of side population cells in skeletal muscle.</a> J. Cell Biol. 159, 123-134 (2002).</li><li>Kuang, S., Kuroda, K., Le Grand, F., Rudnicki, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Asymmetric+self-renewal+and+commitment+of+satellite+stem+cells+in+muscle.">Asymmetric self-renewal and commitment of satellite stem cells in muscle.</a> Cell. 129, 999-1010 (2007).</li><li>Cerletti, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Highly+efficient,+functional+engraftment+of+skeletal+muscle+stem+cells+in+dystrophic+muscles.">Highly efficient, functional engraftment of skeletal muscle stem cells in dystrophic muscles.</a> Cell. 134, 37-47 (2008).</li><li>Farina, N. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+role+for+RNA+post-transcriptional+regulation+in+satellite+cell+activation.">A role for RNA post-transcriptional regulation in satellite cell activation.</a> Skelet. Muscle. 2, 21-21 (2012).</li><li>Tanaka, K. K., Hall, J. K., Troy, A. A., Cornelison, D. D., Majka, S. M., Olwin, B. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Syndecan-4-expressing+muscle+progenitor+cells+in+the+SP+engraft+as+satellite+cells+during+muscle+regeneration.">Syndecan-4-expressing muscle progenitor cells in the SP engraft as satellite cells during muscle regeneration.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 4, 217-225 (2009).</li><li>Pallafacchina, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+adult+tissue-specific+stem+cell+in+its+niche:+a+gene+profiling+analysis+of+in+vivo+quiescent+and+activated+muscle+satellite+cells.">An adult tissue-specific stem cell in its niche: a gene profiling analysis of in vivo quiescent and activated muscle satellite cells.</a> Stem Cell Res. 4, 77-91 (2009).</li></ol>

没有利益冲突声明。

在这个协议中，静态卫星细胞可以容易地从小鼠通过胶原酶消化和表面抗体介导的MACS分离成年骨骼肌纯化。这种方法大约需要6小时，不需要任何昂贵的设备，如流式细胞仪机。此外，相比表面抗体介导的FACS分离这种方法是相对便宜的。较高的收益率静态卫星细胞也有望在比较FACS这个方法，因为流式细胞仪激光曝光趋于分离15时诱导细胞死亡。其他的隔离方法，例如预镀或单个肌纤维的?...

肌卫星细胞是一小口位于骨骼肌纤维基底层下方生肌干细胞。它们的特点是表达Pax7，PAX3，c-Met的M-钙粘蛋白，CD34，配体蛋白聚糖-3的表达，和降钙素是1 - 3。卫星细胞已被证明是负责肌肉再生肌肉干细胞。在成人的肌肉，卫星细胞通常有丝分裂的静态4-8。损伤后，卫星细胞被激活，启动MyoD的表达，并进入细胞周期，以扩大他们的后代，称为肌前体细胞或成肌细胞3。经过几轮细胞分裂，成肌细胞退出细胞周期和保险丝彼此以进行分化成多成核肌管，随后成熟的肌纤维。成肌细胞从成年肌肉中分离可容易地体外扩增。成为肌纤维的再生和肌肉的能力，成肌细胞在非肌肉组织形式异位肌纤维是由成肌细胞移植，为杜氏肌营养不良症（DMD）4一个潜在的治疗方法，泌尿功能障碍9，和心脏衰竭10利用。事实上，成肌细胞已经成功移植在这两个MDX（DMD模型）小鼠和DMD患者11-14的肌肉。注入的正常成肌细胞与宿主肌纤维融合，以改善病变肌肉的组织学和功能。以前的工作表明，成肌细胞的亚群更干细胞样和在肌肉再生5保持在未分化状态在较长的肌肉。最近的工作表明，从成年肌肉新鲜分离的卫星细胞含有干细胞样群体表现出更有效的植入和自我更新的活动在再生肌肉5-8。因此，从成年骨骼肌亩静止卫星细胞的纯人口的纯化SCLE是必不可少的理解卫星细胞，成肌细胞和肌再生的生物，和基于细胞的疗法的发展。 然而，静态卫星细胞的当前预期的纯化方法需要使用昂贵的荧光激活细胞分选术（FACS）机1,2,6-8的。此外，流式细胞仪激光曝光通常的分离，这将导致静态卫星细胞15的下屈服过程中诱导细胞死亡。在这里，我们提出了从成年小鼠骨骼肌静止卫星细胞的快速，经济，可靠提纯的新方法。此方法利用酶解随后磁激活细胞分选（MACS）。继纯静态的卫星细胞的分离，这些细胞可以培养几个段落后获得大量的成肌细胞。我们还表明，这些注入新鲜分离的静止卫星细胞或前六肌内画外音扩展的成肌细胞可移植到心脏毒素（CTX）诱导再生小鼠骨骼肌检查供体来源的细胞的再生肌纤维，以及对卫星细胞区室为自我更新的活动的检查的贡献。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Materials</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase Type 2</td>
			<td>Worthington</td>
			<td>CLS-2</td>
			<td>100 mg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Marigel</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>356234</td>
			<td>5 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM</td>
			<td>Gibco-Invitrogen</td>
			<td>10569010</td>
			<td>500 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagen (Rat Tail)</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>354236</td>
			<td>100 mg (3-4 mg/ml)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetic Acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>320099-500ML</td>
			<td>500 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>bFGF, human, Recombinant</td>
			<td>Gibco-Invitrogen</td>
			<td>PHG0263</td>
			<td>1 mg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A5611-1G</td>
			<td>1 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ham&#8217;s F10 Medium</td>
			<td>Gibco-Invitrogen</td>
			<td>11550-043</td>
			<td>500 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>3600511</td>
			<td>500 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Horse Serum</td>
			<td>Gibco-Invitrogen</td>
			<td>26050088</td>
			<td>500 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin/Streptmycin</td>
			<td>Gibco-Invitrogen</td>
			<td>15640055</td>
			<td>100 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate Buffered Saline</td>
			<td>Gibco-Invitrogen</td>
			<td>14190144</td>
			<td>500 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.25% Trypsin/EDTA</td>
			<td>Gibco-Invitrogen</td>
			<td>25200072</td>
			<td>500 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>18G needle with 12cc Syringe</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>22-256-563</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell strainer (70 &#956;m)</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>22-363-548</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Falcon 50 ml tube</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>352098</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Falcon 15 ml tube</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>352097</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10 cm tissue culture plate</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>353003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6 cm tissue culture plate</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>353004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Falcon 10 ml disposable pipet</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>357551</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-CD31 antibody-PE</td>
			<td>eBiosciences</td>
			<td>12-0311</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-CD45 antibody-PE</td>
			<td>eBiosciences</td>
			<td>30-F11</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Sca1 antibody-PE</td>
			<td>eBiosciences</td>
			<td>Dec-81</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Integrin &#945;7 antibody</td>
			<td>MBL International</td>
			<td>ABIN487462</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-PE MicroBeads</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-048-801</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Mouse IgG MicroBeads</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-048-402</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mini &#38; MidiMACS Starting Kit</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-091-632</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MS Column</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-042-201</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LD Column</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-042-901</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cardiotoxin</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>C9759-1MG</td>
			<td>Stock 10 &#956;M in PBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>31G Insulin syringe</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>328438</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Refrigerated Microcentrifuge (Microfuge 22R)</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>368826</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>S241.5 Swinging Bucket Rotor</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>368882</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Refrigerated Centrifuge (Allegra X-22R)</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>392187</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nod/Scid immunodeficient mice</td>
			<td>Charles River Laboratories</td>
			<td>Strain Code 394</td>
			<td>Use 2 months old mice</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Reagents</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name of the reagent</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Recipie</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10% and 2% FBS DMEM</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>DMEM (Gibco-Invitrogen #10569010) with 10% or 2% FBS (Fisher Scientific #03600511) and 1% Penicillin/Streptomycin (Gibco-Invitrogen #15640055).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.2% Collagenase solution</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Collagenase Type 2 (Worthington, #CLS-2), Stock: 50 ml: 100 mg Collagenase Type 2 in 10% FBS DMEM.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10% Matrigel solution</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Matrigel (BD Biosciences: #356234) is placed on ice for thawing overnight. Five ml Matrigel is dilute by 45 ml DMEM and 5 ml aliquots are stored at -20&#176;C until use.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Matrigel-coated plate</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Five ml of 10% Matrigel solution is placed on ice for thawing and is used for coating 10 cm plate at room temprature for 1 minutes. The plate is placed in 5% CO2 incubator at 37&#176;C for 30 minute after removing Matrigel solution, and let the plate dry in culture hood for another 30 minutes. Removed 10% Matrigel solution is stored at -20&#176;C for reusing.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.01% Collagen solution</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Mix to final: 0.01% Collagen (Collagen, Rat Tail: BD Biosciences #354236) in 0.2% acetic acid (320099-500ML) in ddH2O.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagen-coated plate</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Add 5 ml or 2 ml of Collagen solution to a 10 cm or 6 cm tissue culture plate and let sit at room temperature for three hours. Then, aspirate off liquid and allow to dry in culture hood for 30 min to overnight. Plates can be stored at room temperature for several months.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>bFGF stock solution</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>bFGF, Human, Recombinant (Gibco-Invitrogen #PHG0263, 1 mg) is dissolved with 0.1% BSA solution consisting of 1 mg BSA (Sigma-Aldrich #A5611-1G) and 2 ml ddH2O (0.5 mg/ml bFGF). Aliquot 20 &#956;l in 500 &#956;l microcentrifuge tubes and kept in -80&#176;C.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Myoblast medium</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>500 mL HAM&#8217;S F10 Medium (Gibco-Invitrogen #11550-043) supplemented with 20% FBS (Fisher Scientific #03600511), Penicillin/streptomycin (Gibco-Invitrogen #15640055), and 10 &#956;g of bFGF (20 &#956;l of bFGF stock).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Differentiation medium</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>500 mL DMEM (Gibco-Invitrogen #10569010) supplemented with 5% Horse serum (Gibco-Invitrogen #26050088) and 1% Penicillin/streptomycin (Gibco-Invitrogen #15640055).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10 &#956;M Cardiotoxin stock</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>1 mg Cardiotoxin (EMD Millipore #217504-1MG) is dissolved with 13.9 ml PBS.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation, culture, and transplantation of muscle satellite cells

肌卫星细胞是必需的产后骨骼肌发育和再生干细胞群，占sublaminal核2-5％的肌纤维。在成人的肌肉，卫星细胞通常有丝分裂的静态。以下损伤，然而，卫星细胞引发细胞增殖以产生成肌细胞，它们的子代，介导肌肉的再生。的卫星细胞衍生的成肌细胞移植已被广泛研究作为一种可能的治疗为几个再生的疾病，包括肌营养不良，心脏衰竭，和泌尿功能障碍。成肌细胞移植到营养不良骨骼肌，心肌梗死心脏和正常运作尿导管表明，嫁接成肌细胞能分化成肌纤维在宿主组织并在这些疾病中显示的部分功能改善。因此，从骨骼MUSCL静止卫星细胞的有效的纯化方法的开发E，以及建立卫星细胞来源的成肌细胞的培养和移植方法，成肌细胞，对于理解后面卫星细胞的自我更新，活化和分化的分子机制是必不可少的。此外，基于细胞的疗法的肌肉萎缩症和其它再生疾病的发展，也取决于这些因素。 然而，静态卫星细胞的当前预期的纯化方法需要使用昂贵的荧光激活细胞分选术（FACS）的机器。在这里，我们提出了一种新的方法从成年小鼠骨骼肌通过酶解静止卫星细胞的快速，经济，可靠的净化后的磁激活细胞分选（MACS）。继纯静态的卫星细胞的分离，这些细胞可以培养几个段落后获得大量的成肌细胞。这些新鲜分离静止卫星细胞或活体外扩增的成肌细胞可移植到心脏毒素（CTX）诱导再生小鼠骨骼肌检查，以再生肌纤维供体来源的细胞的贡献，以及对卫星细胞车厢自我更新的检查活动。

新鲜分离的静止卫星细胞显示一个小的，圆形（ 图1G），并且明确表达Pax7作为一个明确的标志静止卫星细胞。超过90％的新鲜分离细胞的表达表达Pax7（ 图1H和1I）。污染最严重的细胞是由血细胞体外成肌以下培养条件不高效发展。因此，卫星细胞来源的成肌细胞中占主导地位的文化。任选地，可以重复该步骤为MS柱纯化（步骤2.11-2.14），以增加分离的?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation, Culture, and Transplantation of Muscle Satellite Cells at JoVE.com

Isolation, Culture, and Transplantation of Muscle Satellite Cells

静止卫星细胞的纯群体的分离和培养，肌肉干细胞群，是必不可少的肌肉干细胞生物学和再生，以及干细胞移植在肌营养不良症和其他退行性疾病的治疗方法的理解。

分离，培养和移植肌卫星细胞

Muscle satellite cells are a stem cell population required for postnatal skeletal muscle development and regeneration, accounting for 2-5% of sublaminal ...

isolation-culture-and-transplantation-of-muscle-satellite-cells

Research

Education

JoVE Journal

JoVE Core

Cell Biology

Biology

Unit 1

Fibroblast Transformation and Muscle Stem Cells

SCIENTISTS IN ACTION

41.1K 次观看.  University of Minnesota Medical School. 静止卫星细胞的纯群体的分离和培养，肌肉干细胞群，是必不可少的肌肉干细胞生物学和再生，以及干细胞移植在肌营养不良症和其他退行性疾病的治疗方法的理解。 

视频: Isolation, Culture, and Transplantation of Muscle Satellite Cells

Isolation and Transplantation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs)

Isolation and Transplantation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells HSCs

I am Christina Ceso. I am a postdoc in David's Den lab and I work on the hematopoietic stem cells. Today we are going to purify long-term recuperating hematopoietic stem cells and we'll transplant them into a mouse.We start by spraying the mice with alcohol so that first of all, the mind starts sterilized and also the hair doesn't interfere with the dissection. We use PBS with 2%serum for the dissection. I cut the back skin and I pull the skin apart in order to expose the tissue.In order to isolate the tibia, I hold the tibia with tweezers. I cut the tendon on top of the knee and I cut the muscles below the knee and after that I cut through the knee so that the TBI is not connected to the rest of the limb anymore and I pull in order to isolate it. I then hold the TB upside down and with the scissors I separate the foot from the tibia In order to obtain the femur.I cut the muscles around the femur and then I dislocate the femur from the hip. In order to isolate the hip, I cut the muscle around the hip bone on the side of the tail of the mouse and then I pull the hip away from the body of the mouth In order to isolate the spine. I cut through the tail as close as I can to the beginning of the back and then I cut on the two sides of the spine and below the spine, trying to stay as close as possible to the spine so that the peritoneum is not cut and the intestine is left untouched.A first round of cleaning of the bones is done with a scalpel, which is used to scrape the bone, the muscles away from the bone. The scalpel is good to clean the femurs, the hip and the spine. In order to clean the tibia, I hold them with forceps and I use the forceps to remove as much tissue as possible.A second round of cleaning is done using clean wipe to completely clean the bones outta the muscle, and I use the F wipe to clean the tibia, the femurs and the hips. So this is how bones look. After cleaning, I prefer 50 amount tubes with filters on top and I transfer the bones into the mortar.I add the section media and I crush the bones ask of the first round of crashing of the bones. I piped the mixture in order to release as many styles as possible into solution and reduce clumps. I transferred the mixture on the tubes through the filters and this is what the bone fragments look like after the first round of crushing.So I add more dissection medium to the bone fragments and I flash them again. I transferred the seline mixture to the tubes through the filters and at this point the remaining bone fragments are white and there is no bone marrow left. The tubes are filled with PBS 2%serum and in order to have them all with the same weight so that they're balanced in the centrifuge, but also in order to wash the filters so that we obtain as many cells as possible, I then centrifuge the cell mixture and after centrifugation, the palt includes the bone marrow cells.I aspirate the medium and I move back and forward the tube on the rack so that the pelle is becomes loose and fewer clamps are formed. When I add medium, at this point I add one ml of medium per tube and I ics since I'm sorting hematopoietic stem cells. Later on, I'm going to store an ALI output of total bone marrow sizes at this point, which I will use later for the fact single color control.I add lineage antibody cocktail. I ordered the samples to mix them well and I invaded four degrees for 15 minutes. In the meantime, I start preparing the columns for the lineage division.I put the columns on the magnet and I prepare Ian tubes under the columns. I also prepared the gas PBS using aster flip filter and attaching it to the vacuum so that all the bubbles of air move in the top part of the filter. I then add three ml of the gas DBS to each column in order for the column to become wet.After the incubation with the antibodies, I add medium to the cell samples and I centrifuge them in order to remove the excess of antibodies. After the centrifugation, the stain cells are in the pallet. I aspirate the medium and I suspend the pallet in one mile of the gas PBSI Add the strip tab beans, I mix the cells and I incubate for 15 minutes at four degrees.After the incubation, I put new elucian tubes under the columns. I add two ml of PBS to each tube with the cells and I transferred the cell mixture to the column through a 40 micron filter. I wash the tubes with more medium in order to collect all the cells remaining and I apply the remaining medium through the filters to the columns.The progenitor cells lineage low are alluded into the collection views. I pulled the luted samples and I sent tofu them. So after the centrifugation, the depleted cells are in a white pate.I aspirate the medium and re suspend the cells. I store an adequate of the depleted cells and I add the antibodies to the cell mixture for the sorting and also to all the single color controls. The antibodies are incubated in that with the size for 15 minutes in the fridge.After the ation, I add medium to the cells and and centrifuge them to remove the ex excess of antibodies. After the centrifugation, the cells are in the pt, I aspirate the media that I suspend the cells and I transfer the cells into fox tubes with a blue filter. At this point, the cells are ready to be sorted.I place, I place the mouse under a heating lamp for a few minutes so that the veins dilate and they are more easily seen. When preparing the syringe, you have to be careful to eliminate all the bubbles from the, the mixture that is in the syringe and then you bend the needle at 90 degrees. I put the mouse under a glass cup with a weight on top so that it can run away.I sterilize the tail with the alcohol pad so that the site of injection is sterile, but also it's easier to identify the vein. If you look at the tail of the mouse from the top in the middle and top of the tail, there is an artery while on the two sides there are the two veins and we inject the cells in one of the two veins. I insert the needle into the vein and I inject following injection.It is to wait for a couple of seconds before removing the needle, the needle, and after that I clean the side of injection. This is a representation of the syringe with the ben needle bent at 90 degrees with the knee, the at this ankle compared to the tail, which makes the injection the easiest. When you injecting the tail of the mouse, you have to keep in mind that the tail vein is extremely superficial, so really this is the orientation of the needle compared to the tail.And it looks like you will just keep sliding on top of the tail, but actually you will get into the tail then. I am Christina Ceso. I am a post in David Kaden lab, and I work on the hematopoietic stem cells.I usually use for animals to start with, and I had more variability at the beginning, but once you become consistent with your methods, I consistently get about 50, 000 to 60, 000 stem cells out for mice. I did my PhD in London with Dr.Fiona Wat working on derma stem cells. After that, I just wanted to have a wider knowledge of adult stem cells in various tissues, and so I decided to move to David Kaden lab to work on hematopoietic stem cells, mainly because the things that are known about hematopoietic stem cells are the things that are not known for the epidermic stem cells and a number of assays that can be done with epi.Epidermal stem cells are not really done yet with the hematopoietic stem cells, and so at this point I'm trying to put together the, the knowledge from the two different fields and ultimately I'm interested in the study of the mechanism to regulate adult tissue sensors in general, so not just the epidermis or the stem cells, but also different tissues because there are, there are similar mechanism that is, it's always the same genes that are involved in the regulation that just interact with each other in different ways, and it's just interesting to understand what makes each stem cell be a stem, but then ultimately a stem cell in a different tissue. So giving rise to a different protein.

分离和造血干细胞移植（造血干细胞）

科研

生物学

Isolation of Human Umbilical Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells (HUASMC)

The human umbilical cord (UC) is a biological sample that can be easily obtained just after birth. This biological sample is, most of the time, discarded and their collection does not imply any added risk to the newborn or mother s health. Moreover no ethical concerns are raised. The UC is composed by one vein and two arteries from which both endothelial cells (ECs) 1 and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) 2, two of the main cellular components of blood vessels, can be isolated. In this project the SMCs were obtained after enzymatic treatment of the UC arteries accordingly the experimental procedure previously described by Jaffe et al 3. After cell isolation they were kept in t-flash with DMEM-F12 supplemented with 5% of fetal bovine serum and were cultured for several passages. Cells maintained their morphological and other phenotypic characteristics in the different generations. The aim of this study was to isolate smooth muscle cells in order to use them as models for future assays with constrictor drugs, isolate and structurally characterize L-type calcium channels, to study cellular and molecular aspects of the vascular function 4 and to use them in tissue engineering.

Isolation of Human Umbilical Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells HUASMC

The umbilical cords are used to isolate smooth muscle cells by different ways. In this work we used the enzymatic treatment to isolated smooth muscle cells.

人脐动脉平滑肌细胞的分离（HUASMC）

The human umbilical cord (UC) is a biological sample that can be easily obtained just after birth. This biological sample is, most of the time, discarded ...

Adult and Embryonic Skeletal Muscle Microexplant Culture and Isolation of Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells

Cultured embryonic and adult skeletal muscle cells have a number of different uses. The micro-dissected explants technique described in this chapter is a robust and reliable method for isolating relatively large numbers of proliferative skeletal muscle cells from juvenile, adult or embryonic muscles as a source of skeletal muscle stem cells. The authors have used micro-dissected explant cultures to analyse the growth characteristics of skeletal muscle cells in wild-type and dystrophic muscles. Each of the components of tissue growth, namely cell survival, proliferation, senescence and differentiation can be analysed separately using the methods described here. The net effect of all components of growth can be established by means of measuring explant outgrowth rates. The micro-explant method can be used to establish primary cultures from a wide range of different muscle types and ages and, as described here, has been adapted by the authors to enable the isolation of embryonic skeletal muscle precursors.
Uniquely, micro-explant cultures have been used to derive clonal (single cell origin) skeletal muscle stem cell (SMSc) lines which can be expanded and used for in vivo transplantation. In vivo transplanted SMSc behave as functional, tissue-specific, satellite cells which contribute to skeletal muscle fibre regeneration but which are also retained (in the satellite cell niche) as a small pool of undifferentiated stem cells which can be re-isolated into culture using the micro-explant method.

The micro-dissected explants technique is a robust and reliable method for isolating proliferative skeletal muscle cells from juvenile, adult or embryonic muscles as a source of skeletal muscle stem cells. Uniquely, these cells have been clonally derived to produce skeletal muscle stem cell lines used for in vivo transplantation.

成人和胚胎骨骼的肌肉Microexplant文化和骨骼肌肉干细胞的分离

Cultured embryonic and adult skeletal muscle cells have a number of different uses. The micro-dissected explants technique described in this chapter is a ...

Isolation and Culture of Avian Embryonic Valvular Progenitor Cells

Proper formation and function of embryonic heart valves is critical for developmental progression. The early embryonic heart is a U-shaped tube of endocardium surrounded by myocardium. The myocardium secretes cardiac jelly, a hyaluronan-rich gelatinous matrix, into the atrioventricular (AV) junction and outflow tract (OFT) lumen. At stage HH14 valvulogenesis begins when a subset of endocardial cells receive signals from the myocardium, undergo endocardial to mesenchymal transformation (EMT), and invade the cardiac jelly. At stage HH25 the valvular cushions are fully mesenchymalized, and it is this mesenchyme that eventually forms the valvular and septal apparatus of the heart. Understanding the mechanisms that initiate and modulate the process of EMT and cell differentiation are important because of their connection to serious congenital heart defects. In this study we present methods to isolate pre-EMT endocardial and post-EMT mesenchymal cells, which are the two different cell phenotypes of the prevalvular cushion. Pre-EMT endocardial cells can be cultured with or without the myocardium. Post-EMT AV cushion mesenchymal cells can be cultured inside mechanically constrained or stress-free collagen gels. These 3D in vitro models mimic key valvular morphogenic events and are useful for deconstructing the mechanisms of early and late stage valvulogenesis.

This article will provide a method for isolating and culturing quail or chicken HH14- valve endocardial cells and HH25 valve cushion mesenchymal cells.

禽流感胚胎瓣膜祖细胞的分离和培养

Proper formation and function of embryonic heart valves is critical for developmental progression. The early embryonic heart is a U-shaped tube of ...

Isolation and Culture of Pulmonary Endothelial Cells from Neonatal Mice

Endothelial cells provide a useful research model in many areas of vascular biology. Since its first isolation 1, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) have shown to be convenient, easy to obtain and culture, and thus are the most widely studied endothelial cells. However, for research focused on processes like angiogenesis, permeability or many others, microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) are a much more physiologically relevant model to study 2. Furthermore, ECs isolated from knockout mice provide a useful tool for analysis of protein function ex vivo. Several approaches to isolate and culture microvascular ECs of different origin have been reported to date 3-7, but consistent isolation and culture of pure ECs is still a major technical problem in many laboratories. Here, we provide a step-by-step protocol on a reliable and relatively simple method of isolating and culturing mouse lung endothelial cells (MLECs). In this approach, lung tissue obtained from 6- to 8-day old pups is first cut into pieces, digested with collagenase/dispase (C/D) solution and dispersed mechanically into single-cell suspension. MLECS are purified from cell suspension using positive selection with anti-PECAM-1 antibody conjugated to Dynabeads using a Magnetic Particle Concentrator (MPC). Such purified cells are cultured on gelatin-coated tissue culture (TC) dishes until they become confluent. At that point, cells are further purified using Dynabeads coupled to anti-ICAM-2 antibody. MLECs obtained with this protocol exhibit a cobblestone phenotype, as visualized by phase-contrast light microscopy, and their endothelial phenotype has been confirmed using FACS analysis with anti-VE-cadherin 8 and anti-VEGFR2 9 antibodies and immunofluorescent staining of VE-cadherin. In our hands, this two-step isolation procedure consistently and reliably yields a pure population of MLECs, which can be further cultured. This method will enable researchers to take advantage of the growing number of knockout and transgenic mice to directly correlate in vivo studies with results of in vitro experiments performed on isolated MLECs and thus help to reveal molecular mechanisms of vascular phenotypes observed in vivo.

Here, we describe a protocol for isolation and culture of murine pulmonary endothelial cells. This method comprises mechanic and enzymatic lung tissue dissociation as well as a 2-step purification process using anti-PECAM-1 and anti-ICAM-2 antibodies conjugated to magnetic beads, which produces a pure endothelial cell population of mostly microvascular origin.

从新生小鼠的肺血管内皮细胞的分离和培养

Endothelial cells provide a useful research model in many areas of vascular biology. Since its first isolation 1, human umbilical vein endothelial cells ...

Isolation and Primary Culture of Rat Hepatic Cells

Primary hepatocyte culture is a valuable tool that has been extensively used in basic research of liver function, disease, pathophysiology, pharmacology and other related subjects. The method based on two-step collagenase perfusion for isolation of intact hepatocytes was first introduced by Berry and Friend in 1969 1 and, since then, has undergone many modifications. The most commonly used technique was described by Seglenin 1976 2. Essentially, hepatocytes are dissociated from anesthetized adult rats by a non-recirculating collagenase perfusion through the portal vein. The isolated cells are then filtered through a 100 &mu;m pore size mesh nylon filter, and cultured onto plates. After 4-hour culture, the medium is replaced with serum-containing or serum-free medium, e.g. HepatoZYME-SFM, for additional time to culture. These procedures require surgical and sterile culture steps that can be better demonstrated by video than by text. Here, we document the detailed steps for these procedures by both video and written protocol, which allow consistently in the generation of viable hepatocytes in large numbers.

Primary hepatocytes provide a valuable tool to evaluate biochemical, molecular, and metabolic functions in a physiologically relevant experimental system. We describe a reliable protocol for rat in situ liver perfusion, which consistently generates viable hepatocytes up to 1.0 &times; 108 cells per preparation with cell viability between 88 ~ 96%.

大鼠肝细胞的分离和小学文化

Primary hepatocyte culture is a valuable tool that has been extensively used in basic research of liver function, disease, pathophysiology, pharmacology ...

Isolation and Culture of Individual Myofibers and their Satellite Cells from Adult Skeletal Muscle

Muscle regeneration in the adult is performed by resident stem cells called satellite cells. Satellite cells are defined by their position between the basal lamina and the sarcolemma of each myofiber. Current knowledge of their behavior heavily relies on the use of the single myofiber isolation protocol. In 1985, Bischoff described a protocol to isolate single live fibers from the Flexor Digitorum Brevis (FDB) of adult rats with the goal to create an in vitro system in which the physical association between the myofiber and its stem cells is preserved 1. In 1995, Rosenblattmodified the Bischoff protocol such that myofibers are singly picked and handled separately after collagenase digestion instead of being isolated by gravity sedimentation 2, 3. The Rosenblatt or Bischoff protocol has since been adapted to different muscles, age or conditions 3-6. The single myofiber isolation technique is an indispensable tool due its unique advantages. First, in the single myofiber protocol, satellite cells are maintained beneath the basal lamina. This is a unique feature of the protocol as other techniques such as Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting require chemical and mechanical tissue dissociation 7. Although the myofiber culture system cannot substitute for in vivo studies, it does offer an excellent platform to address relevant biological properties of muscle stem cells. Single myofibers can be cultured in standard plating conditions or in floating conditions. Satellite cells on floating myofibers are subjected to virtually no other influence than the myofiber environment. Substrate stiffness and coating have been shown to influence satellite cells' ability to regenerate muscles 8, 9 so being able to control each of these factors independently allows discrimination between niche-dependent and -independent responses. Different concentrations of serum have also been shown to have an effect on the transition from quiescence to activation. To preserve the quiescence state of its associated satellite cells, fibers should be kept in low serum medium 1-3. This is particularly useful when studying genes involved in the quiescence state. In serum rich medium, satellite cells quickly activate, proliferate, migrate and differentiate, thus mimicking the in vivo regenerative process 1-3. The system can be used to perform a variety of assays such as the testing of chemical inhibitors; ectopic expression of genes by virus delivery; oligonucleotide based gene knock-down or live imaging. This video article describes the protocol currently used in our laboratory to isolate single myofibers from the Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) muscle of adult mice (6-8 weeks old).

Isolation and culture of myofibers is the gold standard in vitro system to study the transition of satellite cells through quiescence, activation and differentiation. Importantly, the single myofiber culture system preserves the myofiber/stem cell association, which is an essential component of the muscle stem cell niche.

单个肌纤维和成人骨骼肌卫星细胞的分离和培养

Muscle  regeneration in the adult is performed by resident stem cells called satellite  cells. Satellite cells are defined by  their position between the ...

Isolation and Culture of Mouse Primary Pancreatic Acinar Cells

This protocol permits rapid isolation (in less than 1 hr) of murine pancreatic acini, making it possible to maintain them in culture for more than one week. More than 20 x 106 acinar cells can be obtained from a single murine pancreas. This protocol offers the possibility to independently process as many as 10 pancreases in parallel. Because it preserves acinar architecture, this model is well suited for studying the physiology of the exocrine pancreas in vitro in contrast to cell lines established from pancreatic tumors, which display many genetic alterations resulting in partial or total loss of their acinar differentiation.

In this publication, we describe a rapid and convenient procedure for isolating and culturing primary pancreatic acinar cells from the murine pancreas. This method constitutes a valuable approach to study the physiology of fresh primary normal/untransformed exocrine pancreatic cells.

小鼠原代胰腺腺泡细胞的分离和培养

This protocol permits rapid isolation (in less than 1 hr) of murine pancreatic acini, making it possible to maintain them in culture for more than one ...

Isolation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells from Neonatal Mice

Pulmonary hypertension is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in infants. Historically, there has been significant study of the signaling pathways involved in vascular smooth muscle contraction in PASMC from fetal sheep. While sheep make an excellent model of term pulmonary hypertension, they are very expensive and lack the advantage of genetic manipulation found in mice. Conversely, the inability to isolate PASMC from mice was a significant limitation of that system. Here we described the isolation of primary cultures of mouse PASMC from P7, P14, and P21 mice using a variation of the previously described technique of Marshall et al.26 that was previously used to isolate rat PASMC. These murine PASMC represent a novel tool for the study of signaling pathways in the neonatal period. Briefly, a slurry of 0.5% (w/v) agarose + 0.5% iron particles in M199 media is infused into the pulmonary vascular bed via the right ventricle (RV). The iron particles are 0.2 &#956;M in diameter and cannot pass through the pulmonary capillary bed. Thus, the iron lodges in the small pulmonary arteries (PA). The lungs are inflated with agarose, removed and dissociated. The iron-containing vessels are pulled down with a magnet. After collagenase (80 U/ml) treatment and further dissociation, the vessels are put into a tissue culture dish in M199 media containing 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS), and antibiotics (M199 complete media) to allow cell migration onto the culture dish. This initial plate of cells is a 50-50 mixture of fibroblasts and PASMC. Thus, the pull down procedure is repeated multiple times to achieve a more pure PASMC population and remove any residual iron. Smooth muscle cell identity is confirmed by immunostaining for smooth muscle myosin and desmin.

We have developed a novel and reproducible technique to isolate primary cultures of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) from mice as young as P7, thereby allowing better study of the signaling pathways involved in neonatal smooth muscle cell contraction and relaxation.

肺动脉平滑肌细胞从新生小鼠隔离

Pulmonary hypertension is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in infants. Historically, there has been significant study of the signaling ...

Isolation and Primary Culture of Mouse Aortic Endothelial Cells

The vascular endothelium is essential to normal vascular homeostasis. Its dysfunction participates in various cardiovascular disorders. The mouse is an important model for cardiovascular disease research. This study demonstrates a simple method to isolate and culture endothelial cells from the mouse aorta without any special equipment. To isolate endothelial cells, the thoracic aorta is quickly removed from the mouse body, and the attached adipose tissue and connective tissue are removed from the aorta. The aorta is cut into 1 mm rings. Each aortic ring is opened and seeded onto a growth factor reduced matrix with the endothelium facing down. The segments are cultured in endothelial cell growth medium for about 4 days. The endothelial sprouting starts as early as day 2. The segments are then removed and the cells are cultured continually until they reach confluence. The endothelial cells are harvested using neutral proteinase and cultured in endothelial cell growth medium for another two passages before being used for experiments. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that after the second passage the majority of cells were double positive for Dil-ac-LDL uptake, Lectin binding, and CD31 staining, the typical characteristics of endothelial cells. It is suggested that cells at the second to third passages are suitable for in vitro and in vivo experiments to study the endothelial biology. Our protocol provides an effective means of identifying specific cellular and molecular mechanisms in endothelial cell physiopathology.

The vascular endothelial cells play a significant role in many important cardiovascular disorders. This article describes a simple method to isolate and expand endothelial cells from the mouse aorta without using any special equipment. Our protocol provides an effective means of identifying mechanisms in endothelial cell physiopathology.

隔离和鼠标主动脉内皮细胞原代培养

The vascular endothelium is essential to normal vascular homeostasis. Its dysfunction participates in various cardiovascular disorders. The mouse is an ...