Name: combining multiple data acquisition systems to study corticospinal output and multi-segment biomechanics
Uploaded: 2016-01-09T13:00:01.000+00:00
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Combining Multiple Data Acquisition Systems to Study Corticospinal Output and Multi-segment Biomechanics at JoVE.com

The authors thank funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council to AJN.

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

The present manuscript details an innovative method to integrate TMS and motion capture systems in the context of a visuo-motor task. To make rapid and meaningful advances in the study of human motor control, it is essential that methodologies allow for precise communication across multiple hardware and software systems. The paradigm presented could be used to study a variety of research interests including the cortical contribution to motor learning, the neurophysiology of motor control, and multi-joint movement control in special populations. For example, we have used this paradigm to study how corticospinal excitability changes with varying magnitudes and directions of interaction torques acting about the shoulder and elbow joints. Interaction torques are present in all "real-world" multi-joint movements and their influence on the movement plan becomes more apparent with faster actions. Individuals with cerebellar ataxia and children with Developmental Coordination Disorder, however, have issues "accounting" for these interaction torques when performing voluntary goal-directed arm movements. The paradigm presented could be used to understand cortical functioning in these populations.
There are several advantages to using the techniques presented. Relative to the high costs associated with a TMS system, the addition of the electromagnetic motion capture system and the necessary software and cables is minimal. Although the demonstrated usage of this system is focused on arm control, it can be adapted to the finger, leg, and even multiple limbs to study increasingly complex movements. Further, future systems can build on this current set-up and be adapted to study three-dimensional movements of the arm or other limbs, and examine human motor control in a variety of contexts. This system also allows the experimenter to have access to corticospinal measurements during multiple phases within a movement sequence, such as the pre-movement, movement onset and later phases of movements, increasing the precision with which these phases can be systematically studied. Although analog signals of EMG activity and joint angle were used in the present demonstration, the software is adaptable to allow any analog signal to trigger TMS pulses throughout the trial. Last, this experimental set-up could be extended for use with paired, multiple, dual-site, and repetitive TMS protocols to allow for advances in the study of brain and behavior.
There are a few critical components of this set-up that require experimenter attention. First, it is very important to locate the motor hotspot to ensure TMS-evoked responses are as focused as possible to evoke activity in the muscles to be studied. To aid with this process, place the coil on the scalp in a location that requires the lowest stimulator intensity to elicit a consistent 1 mV response in the muscle of interest. Second, errors in motion capture sensor placement may create errors in joint kinematics and kinetics calculations. Therefore, the motion capture sensors should be placed over bony landmarks that represent joint centers of rotation. Third, obtain the best representation of each individual's anthropometric data. Errors of determining anthropometric data and subsequent calculations could cause drastic errors in approximating the joint kinetics. Fourth, the head should remain as motionless as possible during the arm movements and the postural muscle should remain relaxed. Head motion can be prevented by a head rest that is available with most TMS equipment. Activity of postural muscles may alter corticospinal excitability and surface EMG can be used to record this activity. Further, to isolate signals obtained from a single muscle EMG electrode placement should avoid pick-up from neighboring muscles. The reader is referred to the electrode placement guidelines provided.2 Last, we have demonstrated an experiment that is focused on discrete arm movements. There are however, movements that may be too complex to provide accurate information of the phenomenon studied using TMS.
The integrative system includes several large and heavy components, thereby limiting its portability and the opportunity to perform testing in non-laboratory environments. There are limitations of the motion capture system used in this study, such as limited sensors, interference with conductive materials and small pick-up range for the sensors, but the software provided in this study is flexible and can be used with other motion capture systems. A future user of this set-up might have reservations about having an electromagnetic motion capture system concurring with TMS. In a small percentage of the trials, the TMS pulse causes a transient artifact in the motion capture data, but this artifact can easily be smoothed offline (a sweep-based data acquisition script file can be obtained from the corresponding author upon request if necessary). Overall, these limitations are minimal, and do not affect the versatility of this set-up to study a number of uncovered areas in brain and behavior.

经颅磁刺激（TMS）是一种非侵入性的方法来刺激人大脑皮层。3,5-但是也有一些用于理解皮质功能诸如单和多脉冲，双中心刺激来探测功能连接几个TMS协议，以及重复脉冲，促进神经可塑性。4,6-8 TMS协议也可以组合以促进人类皮质过程的本理解和指导神经恢复战略。除了刺激皮质，TMS也可使用由皮质脊髓束或小脑刺激理解子皮质功能。 其中一个目前面临TMS研究的最大的技术挑战是人类目标导向的自主运动过程中，研究皮质区的作用的能力。有几个因素促成这一技术难题。首先，TMS交付应具有实时人体运动C组apture。以这种方式，TMS脉冲可以一个动作顺序提供时间锁定方法来研究复杂的运动内被递送或触发特征。第二，整合TMS递送和运动捕捉允许复杂的运动的详细描述，因为它展现，这将促进该支撑电机控制脑行为的关系的理解。目前，还没有商用系统（含）整合TMS和动作捕捉方法。对于在电机控制领域的神经科学家，这个空间通常意味着费时，技术挑战，整合多个软件和硬件的数据采集和传输系统。这种技术上的限制也导致了稀疏的研究致力于累及上肢动态多关节运动的研究。对于TMS促进人类电机控制领域，当务之急是皮质功能在复杂的人体运动进行探测。 （即，运动的描述），运动动力学（即，迫使该移动引起），和肌肉的活动。第三，系统必须能够同步的TMS脉冲以这些运动特征，并且基于复杂的运动特征由标准来触发。这样的系统将提供皮质功能和运动学和运动的动力学之间的重要关联。 这份手稿详细介绍了独特的方法来整合TMS和动作捕捉的方法。这种方法允许复杂的多关节运动的力学详细的分析，并允许自动由移动（即，运动学，动力学，或肌肉活动）的特定功能的TMS触发脉冲的控制。此外，此数据ACQuisition系统允许TMS和动作捕捉与需要视觉 - 运动或感觉任务实验范式整合。这份手稿详细介绍了创新的方法，用于组合TMS和人体运动采集和分析的目的，集成常用的动作捕捉硬件和软件系统。数据使用期间，平面多关节运动的人类大脑皮层功能的样本研究中提出。可供下载来进行实验所需的软件脚本。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Polhemus FASTRAK</td><td>Polhemus Inc.</td><td></td><td>6 degrees of freedom electromagnetic motion tracking device with 4 sensors</td></tr><tr><td>Presentation</td><td>Neurobehavioural Systems Inc.</td><td></td><td>A fully programmable software for experiments involving data acquisition and stimulus delivery</td></tr><tr><td>Cutom built Exoskeleton</td><td>80/20 Inc. - The industrial erector set</td><td>Varies</td><td>Various parts used to build the exoskeleton</td></tr><tr><td>Brainsight</td><td>Rogue Research Inc.</td><td></td><td>Neuronavigation software to track coil position throughout the experiment</td></tr></tbody></table>

combining multiple data acquisition systems to study corticospinal output and multi-segment biomechanics

Transcranial magnetic stimulation techniques allow for an in-depth investigation into the neural mechanisms that underpin human behavior. To date, the use of TMS to study human movement, has been limited by the challenges related to precisely timing the delivery of TMS to features of the unfolding movement and, also, by accurately characterizing kinematics and kinetics. To overcome these technical challenges, TMS delivery and acquisition systems should be integrated with an online motion tracking system. The present manuscript details technical innovations that integrate multiple acquisition systems to facilitate and advance the use of TMS to study human movement. Using commercially available software and hardware systems, a step-by-step approach to both the hardware assembly and the software scripts necessary to perform TMS studies triggered by specific features of a movement is provided. The approach is focused on the study of upper limb, planar, multi-joint reaching movements. However, the same integrative system is amenable to a multitude of sophisticated studies of human motor control.

图3显示从一个单一的试验结果。在这项试验中， 图3A示出的参加者的初始位置和，听觉"走"的提示后，参加者快速，准确地移动尽可能到目标（即，最后的位置）。扫描为基础的数据采集软件触发根据肌电图发病的肱二头肌TMS脉冲。这允许皮质输出定向到上臂的肌肉的测量在一个特定的时间期间任务的性能进行评估。 图3B显示在肌电发病该试验的从单一的TMS脉冲的每个肌肉得到的MEP。从在TMS脉冲的MEP的峰 - 峰振幅是从各肌肉测量。另外，环境保护部的面积可以衡量。变化在不同的运动阶段或运动类型的MEP大小表明的变化corticospi在不同的任务或个时刻最终的兴奋性。使用动作捕捉和TMS系统的集成方法，研究人员可能会在行为，如在发病肌电图在这个例子中，在量化精确时刻的神经活动从运动皮层起源。此外，可以存在肌电发病和TMS递送的触发之间插入的延迟（见行序列发生器文件88至98和109至117，以插入这种延迟）调查皮质输出的时间过程，可能会在整个变化运动。重要的是，其它模拟信号，例如运动运动学（关节角度，关节速度，关节加速度）和感官提示（视觉，听觉）也可用于触发TMS递送。 图3C和 三维显示肩肘关节的角位移;图3E和 3F显示了奇性速度肩和肘关节。 图3G和 3H显示动力学肩和肘关节。蓝色，绿色，和红色的线网，肌肉和骨上的骨接触的时刻，分别。皮质兴奋性，针对每一块肌肉，然后可以比较不同的运动结果的措施（ 即 ，运动运动学和动力学）。基于运动捕捉数据和人体测量数据计算这些措施。此外，这种设置允许时间锁定的TMS脉冲发生在之前或移动期间的任何点，并且可以评估相对于运动的某些特征的改变皮质兴奋性。 图4显示了肱二头肌（A）和胸大肌（C）记录例如欧洲议会议员，同时伸手，它要求肱二头肌和胸大肌（E）是活跃的一个目标图4还示出了维护端点从肱三头肌（B）和后三角肌（D）的记录，而达到对同时需要肱三头肌和后三角肌（F）是活跃的一个目标。 <img alt="图3" src="/files/ftp_upload/53492/53492fig3.jpg" /> 从图审单代表性的成果。（A）左侧的示意图显示了在审判开始时的起始位置，而右侧的示意图显示了在审判过程中的结束位置。 （ 二）峰的MEP的峰值引起的上臂肌肉。 BB =肱二头肌，TB =肱三头肌，PM =胸大肌，PD =后路三角肌。 （C＆D）的肩，肘关节整个试验的角位移时间曲线。该值表示通过逆时针旋转相对位移到第r的旋转（弧度）飞行水平。增加角表示屈曲，而减小的角度表示扩展。 （E＆F）的肩，肘关节整个试验的角速度时间曲线。 （G＆H）在整个试验的肩部和肘部关节的那一刻时间曲线。蓝线描绘了净磁矩，红线描绘了骨结合瞬间骨，绿线表示预测的肌肉瞬间。正值表示该时刻作用在屈方向（即，逆时针旋转），而负值表明力矩作用在伸肌方向（即，顺时针方向旋转）。见补充信息4肌肉，骨对骨接触和净时刻计算。 <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/53492/53492fig3large.jpg" target="_blank">请点击此处查看该图的放大版本。</a> 图从上臂肌肉记录代表性的欧洲议会议员 。环保部从肱二头肌（A）和胸大肌（C）记录，同时伸手，它要求肱二头肌和胸大肌（E）的活动目标。环保部从肱三头肌（B）和后三角肌（D）记录，而要达到这既需要肱三头肌和三角肌后部（F）的活动目标。 <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/53492/53492fig4large.jpg" target="_blank">请点击此处查看该图的放大版本。</a>

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Combining Multiple Data Acquisition Systems to Study Corticospinal Output and Multi-segment Biomechanics at JoVE.com

Combining Multiple Data Acquisition Systems to Study Corticospinal Output and Multi-segment Biomechanics

The use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to study human motor control requires the integration of data acquisition systems to control TMS delivery and simultaneously record human behavior. The present manuscript provides a detailed methodology for integrating data acquisition systems for the purpose of investigating human movement via TMS.

合并多个数据采集系统来研究皮质输出和多段生物力学

Transcranial magnetic stimulation techniques allow for an in-depth investigation into the neural mechanisms that underpin human behavior. To date, the use ...

combining-multiple-data-acquisition-systems-to-study-corticospinal

Nanyang Technological University

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

6.9K 次观看.  McMaster University. The use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to study human motor control requires the integration of data acquisition systems to control TMS delivery and simultaneously record human behavior. The present manuscript provides a detailed methodology for integrating data acquisition systems for the purpose of investigating human movement via TMS. 

视频: Combining Multiple Data Acquisition Systems to Study Corticospinal Output and Multi-segment Biomechanics

Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating disorder, which produces profound deficits in volitional motor control. Following medical stabilization, recovery from SCI typically involves long term rehabilitation. While recovery of walking ability is a primary goal in many patients early after injury, those with a motor incomplete SCI, indicating partial preservation of volitional control, may have the sufficient residual descending pathways necessary to attain this goal. However, despite physical interventions, motor impairments including weakness, and the manifestation of abnormal involuntary reflex activity, called spasticity or spasms, are thought to contribute to reduced walking recovery. Doctrinaire thought suggests that remediation of this abnormal motor reflexes associated with SCI will produce functional benefits to the patient. For example, physicians and therapists will provide specific pharmacological or physical interventions directed towards reducing spasticity or spasms, although there continues to be little empirical data suggesting that these strategies improve walking ability.
In the past few decades, accumulating data has suggested that specific neuromodulatory agents, including agents which mimic or facilitate the actions of the monoamines, including serotonin (5HT) and norepinephrine (NE), can initiate or augment walking behaviors in animal models of SCI. Interestingly, many of these agents, particularly 5HTergic agonists, can markedly increase spinal excitability, which in turn also increases reflex activity in these animals. Counterintuitive to traditional theories of recovery following human SCI, the empirical evidence from basic science experiments suggest that this reflex hyper excitability and generation of locomotor behaviors are driven in parallel by neuromodulatory inputs (5HT) and may be necessary for functional recovery following SCI. 
The application of this novel concept derived from basic scientific studies to promote recovery following human SCI would appear to be seamless, although the direct translation of the findings can be extremely challenging. Specifically, in the animal models, an implanted catheter facilitates delivery of very specific 5HT agonist compounds directly onto the spinal circuitry. The translation of this technique to humans is hindered by the lack of specific surgical techniques or available pharmacological agents directed towards 5HT receptor subtypes that are safe and effective for human clinical trials. However, oral administration of commonly available 5HTergic agents, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), may be a viable option to increase central 5HT concentrations in order to facilitate walking recovery in humans. Systematic quantification of how these SSRIs modulate human motor behaviors following SCI, with a specific focus on strength, reflexes, and the recovery of walking ability, are missing.
This video demonstration is a progressive attempt to systematically and quantitatively assess the modulation of reflex activity, volitional strength and ambulation following the acute oral administration of an SSRI in human SCI. Agents are applied on single days to assess the immediate effects on motor function in this patient population, with long-term studies involving repeated drug administration combined with intensive physical interventions.

This video demonstrates modulation of reflex activity, volitional strength and ambulation through clinical and quantitative assessments in individuals with motor incomplete SCI as a result of acute oral administration of a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI).

量化人类不完全脊髓损伤运动功能的药理学诱导改建的方法

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating disorder, which produces profound deficits in volitional motor control. Following medical stabilization, ...

科研

医学

Simultaneous Scalp Electroencephalography (EEG), Electromyography (EMG), and Whole-body Segmental Inertial Recording for Multi-modal Neural Decoding

Recent studies support the involvement of supraspinal networks in control of bipedal human walking. Part of this evidence encompasses studies, including our previous work, demonstrating that gait kinematics and limb coordination during treadmill walking can be inferred from the scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) with reasonably high decoding accuracies. These results provide impetus for development of non-invasive brain-machine-interface (BMI) systems for use in restoration and/or augmentation of gait- a primary goal of rehabilitation research. To date, studies examining EEG decoding of activity during gait have been limited to treadmill walking in a controlled environment. However, to be practically viable a BMI system must be applicable for use in everyday locomotor tasks such as over ground walking and turning. Here, we present a novel protocol for non-invasive collection of brain activity (EEG), muscle activity (electromyography (EMG)), and whole-body kinematic data (head, torso, and limb trajectories) during both treadmill and over ground walking tasks. By collecting these data in the uncontrolled environment insight can be gained regarding the feasibility of decoding unconstrained gait and surface EMG from scalp EEG.

Simultaneous Scalp Electroencephalography EEG, Electromyography EMG, and Whole-body Segmental Inertial Recording for Multi-modal Neural Decoding

Development of an effective brain-machine-interface (BMI) system for restoration and rehabilitation of bipedal locomotion requires accurate decoding of user's intent. Here we present a novel experimental protocol and data collection technique for simultaneous non-invasive acquisition of neural activity, muscle activity, and whole-body kinematics during various locomotion tasks and conditions.

同时头皮脑电图（EEG），肌电图（EMG）和全身分部惯性录制多模态神经解码

Recent  studies support the involvement of supraspinal networks in control of bipedal  human walking. Part of this evidence  encompasses studies, ...

行为学

Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation

This study used the transcranial magnetic stimulation/motor evoked potential (TMS/MEP) technique to pinpoint when the automatic tendency to mirror someone else's action becomes anticipatory simulation of a complementary act. TMS was delivered to the left primary motor cortex corresponding to the hand to induce the highest level of MEP activity from the abductor digiti minimi (ADM; the muscle serving little finger abduction) as well as the first dorsal interosseus (FDI; the muscle serving index finger flexion/extension) muscles. A neuronavigation system was used to maintain the position of the TMS coil, and electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from the right ADM and FDI muscles. Producing original data with regard to motor resonance, the combined TMS/MEP technique has taken research on the perception-action coupling mechanism a step further. Specifically, it has answered the questions of how and when observing another person's actions produces motor facilitation in an onlooker's corresponding muscles and in what way corticospinal excitability is modulated in social contexts.

Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation over the primary motor cortex, neuronavigation, and registration of electromyographic activity of hand muscles were used in this study to explore corticospinal excitability while participants were observing action sequences.

行动观察期间皮质脊体兴奋调节

This study used the transcranial magnetic stimulation/motor evoked potential (TMS/MEP) technique to pinpoint when the automatic tendency to mirror someone ...

Multifunctional Setup for Studying Human Motor Control Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Electromyography, Motion Capture, and Virtual Reality

The study of neuromuscular control of movement in humans is accomplished with numerous technologies. Non-invasive methods for investigating neuromuscular function include transcranial magnetic stimulation, electromyography, and three-dimensional motion capture. The advent of readily available and cost-effective virtual reality solutions has expanded the capabilities of researchers in recreating &#8220;real-world&#8221; environments and movements in a laboratory setting. Naturalistic movement analysis will not only garner a greater understanding of motor control in healthy individuals, but also permit the design of experiments and rehabilitation strategies that target specific motor impairments (e.g. stroke). The combined use of these tools will lead to increasingly deeper understanding of neural mechanisms of motor control. A key requirement when combining these data acquisition systems is fine temporal correspondence between the various data streams. This protocol describes a multifunctional system&#8217;s overall connectivity, intersystem signaling, and the temporal synchronization of recorded data. Synchronization of the component systems is primarily accomplished through the use of a customizable circuit, readily made with off the shelf components and minimal electronics assembly skills.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation, electromyography, and 3D motion capture are commonly used non-invasive techniques for investigating neuromuscular function in humans. In this paper, we describe a protocol that synchronously samples data generated by all three of these tools along with the unique addition of virtual reality stimulus presentation and feedback.

多功能设置研究人类电机控制用经颅磁刺激，肌电图，运动捕捉和虚拟现实

The study of neuromuscular control of movement in humans is accomplished with numerous technologies. Non-invasive methods for investigating neuromuscular ...

Substantiating Appropriate Motion Capture Techniques for the Assessment of Nordic Walking Gait and Posture in Older Adults

Nordic walking (NW) has become a safe and simple form of exercise in recent years, and in studying this gait pattern, various data collection techniques have been employed, each with positives and negatives. The aim was to determine the effect of NW on older adult gait and posture and to determine optimal use of different data collection systems in both short and long duration analysis. Gait and posture during NW and normal walking were assessed in 17 healthy older adults (age: 69 &#177; 7.3). Participants performed two trials of 6 Minute Walk Tests (6MWT) (1 with poles (WP) and 1 without poles (NP)) and 6 trials of a 5m walk (3 WP and 3 NP). Motion was recorded using two systems, a 6-sensor accelerometry system and an 8-camera 3-dimensional motion capture system, in order to quantify spatial-temporal, kinematic, and kinetic parameters.
With both systems, participants demonstrated increased stride length and double support and decreased gait speed and cadence WP compared to NP (p &#60;0.05). Also, with motion capture, larger single support time was found WP (p &#60;0.05). With 3-D capture, smaller hip power generation and moments of force were found at heel contact and pre-swing as well as smaller knee power absorption at heel contact, pre-swing, and terminal swing WP compared to NP, when assessed over one cycle (p &#60;0.05). Also, WP yielded smaller moments of force at heel contact and terminal swing along with larger moments at mid-stance of a gait cycle (p &#60;0.05). No changes were found for posture.
NW seems appropriate for promoting a normal gait pattern in older adults. Three-dimensional motion capture should primarily be used during short duration gait analysis (i.e. single gait cycle), while accelerometry systems should be primarily employed in instances requiring longer duration analysis such as during the 6MWT.

The aim was to substantiate optimal use of data collection techniques for Nordic walking gait and posture analysis. Three-dimensional motion capture should be used during short duration analysis (i.e. single gait cycle), while accelerometry should be employed for longer duration analysis (i.e. repeated cycles) like a 6 Minute Walk Test.

充实适当的运动捕捉技术的越野行走步态中老年人的评估和姿势

Nordic walking (NW) has become a safe and simple form of exercise in recent years, and in studying this gait pattern, various data collection techniques ...

Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb

Individuals with sensorimotor pathology e.g., stroke have difficulty executing the common task of rising from sitting and initiating gait (sit-to-walk: STW). Thus, in clinical rehabilitation separation of sit-to-stand and gait initiation - termed sit-to-stand-and-walk (STSW) - is usual. However, a standardized STSW protocol with a clearly defined analytical approach suitable for pathological assessment has yet to be defined.
Hence, a goal-orientated protocol is defined that is suitable for healthy and compromised individuals by requiring the rising phase to be initiated from 120% knee height with a wide base of support independent of lead limb. Optical capture of three-dimensional (3D) segmental movement trajectories, and force platforms to yield two-dimensional (2D) center-of-pressure (COP) trajectories permit tracking of the horizontal distance between COP and whole-body-center-of-mass (BCOM), the decrease of which increases positional stability but is proposed to represent poor dynamic postural control.
BCOM-COP distance is expressed with and without normalization to subjects&#39; leg length. Whilst COP-BCOM distances vary through STSW, normalized data at the key movement events of seat-off and initial toe-off (TO1) during steps 1 and 2 have low intra and inter subject variability in 5 repeated trials performed by 10 young healthy individuals. Thus, comparing COP-BCOM distance at key events during performance of an STSW paradigm between patients with upper motor neuron injury, or other compromised patient groups, and normative data in young healthy individuals is a novel methodology for evaluation of dynamic postural stability.

Here, we present a novel protocol to measure positional stability at key events during the sit-to-stand-to-walk using the center-of-pressure to the whole-body-center-of-mass distance. This was derived from the force platform and three-dimensional motion-capture technology. The paradigm is reliable and can be utilized for the assessment of neurologically compromised individuals.

坐姿到站姿和步行距离120％膝盖高度:新方法来评估铅肢体的动态姿势控制独立

Individuals with sensorimotor pathology e.g., stroke have difficulty executing the common task of rising from sitting and initiating gait (sit-to-walk: ...

3D Kinematic Gait Analysis for Preclinical Studies in Rodents

The utility of three-dimensional (3D) kinematic motion analysis systems is limited in rodents. Part of the reason for this inadequacy is the use of complex algorithms and mathematical modeling that accompany 3D data collection and analysis procedures. This work provides a simple, user-friendly, step-by-step detailed methodology for 3D kinematic gait analysis during treadmill locomotion in healthy and neurotraumatic rats using a six-camera motion capture system. Also provided are details on 1) calibration of the system in an experimental set-up customized for quadrupedal locomotion, 2) data collection for treadmill locomotion in adult rats using markers positioned on all four limbs, 3) options available for video tracking and processing, and 4) basic 3D kinematic data generation and visualization and quantification of data using the built-in data collection software. Finally, it is suggested that the utility of this motion capture system be expanded to studying a variety of motor behaviors before and after neurotrauma.

Presented here is a protocol to collect and analyze three-dimensional kinematics of quadrupedal locomotion in rodents for preclinical studies.

3D运动性步态分析,用于啮齿动物的临床前研究

The utility of three-dimensional (3D) kinematic motion analysis systems is limited in rodents. Part of the reason for this inadequacy is the use of ...

集成 VR 和生物传感器进行定量运动肌肉活动评估

Setup for the Quantitative Assessment of Motion and Muscle Activity During a Virtual Modified Box and Block Test

The ability to move allows us to interact with the world. When this ability is impaired, it can significantly reduce one's quality of life and independence and may lead to complications. The importance of remote patient evaluation and rehabilitation has recently grown due to limited access to in-person services. For example, the COVID-19 pandemic unexpectedly resulted in strict regulations, reducing access to non-emergent healthcare services. Additionally, remote care offers an opportunity to address healthcare disparities in rural, underserved, and low-income areas where access to services remains limited. 
Improving accessibility through remote care options would limit the number of hospital or specialist visits and render routine care more affordable. Finally, the use of readily available commercial consumer electronics for at-home care can enhance patient outcomes due to improved quantitative observation of symptoms, treatment efficacy, and therapy dosage. While remote care is a promising means to address these issues, there is a crucial need to quantitatively characterize motor impairment for such applications. The following protocol seeks to address this knowledge gap to enable clinicians and researchers to obtain high-resolution data on complex movement and underlying muscle activity. The ultimate goal is to develop a protocol for remote administration of functional clinical tests. 
Here, participants were instructed to perform a medically-inspired Box and Block task (BBT), which is frequently used to assess hand function. This task requires subjects to transport standardized cubes between two compartments separated by a barrier. We implemented a modified BBT in virtual reality to demonstrate the potential of developing remote assessment protocols. Muscle activation was captured for each subject using surface electromyography. This protocol allowed for the acquisition of high-quality data to better characterize movement impairment in a detailed and quantitative manner. Ultimately, these data have the potential to be used to develop protocols for virtual rehabilitation and remote patient monitoring.

作者聚焦:利用虚拟现实和肌电图增强远程康复

The protocol described here aims to enhance the quantitative evaluation of upper limb deficits, with the goal of developing additional technology for remote assessment both in the clinic and at home. Virtual reality and biosensor technologies are combined with standard clinical techniques to provide insights into the functioning of the neuromuscular system.

合并多个数据采集系统来研究皮质输出和多段生物力学

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此视频中的章节

量化人类不完全脊髓损伤运动功能的药理学诱导改建的方法

同时头皮脑电图（EEG），肌电图（EMG）和全身分部惯性录制多模态神经解码

行动观察期间皮质脊体兴奋调节

多功能设置研究人类电机控制用经颅磁刺激，肌电图，运动捕捉和虚拟现实

充实适当的运动捕捉技术的越野行走步态中老年人的评估和姿势

坐姿到站姿和步行距离120％膝盖高度:新方法来评估铅肢体的动态姿势控制独立

3D运动性步态分析,用于啮齿动物的临床前研究

用于在虚拟改良的 Box and Block 测试期间定量评估运动和肌肉活动的设置

用于在虚拟改良的 Box and Block 测试期间定量评估运动和肌肉活动的设置

用于在虚拟改良的 Box and Block 测试期间定量评估运动和肌肉活动的设置