作者希望感谢捐赠者及其家人慷慨的馈赠。感谢您对 Mr. 小玄李录制视频并帮助进行视频编辑;Ms. 汉娜刘易斯和 Mr. 路易斯萨博提供技术支持;1月, m 教授对视频内容进行了审查并提供了输入。

此处描述的所有方法均已获得澳大利亚国立大学人类研究伦理委员会的批准。创建心室模型我们使用了科林格勒尔纤维解剖技术 12 , 14 。科林格勒尔技术是一种触觉解剖方法, 包括去除皮层中的小部分灰质和剥离神经纤维束, 从而提供从表面到深层结构的组织层的 step-by 步骤指南。的大脑. 
 注意: 在随附的视频和图像中, 用于演示此协议的大脑标本被小心地从来自医学学校的身体捐献者的尸体上取出, 从澳大利亚国立大学。捐赠者没有已知的病理疾病史。取出硬脑膜后, 大脑在室温下储存10% 乙醇溶液三年. 
 1. 准备 <ol> <li> 从被防腐的人的尸体上获取一个完整的大脑, 取出硬脑膜, 然后在解剖前在室温下用10% 乙醇储存大脑. 
	警告: 在通风良好的室内使用个人防护设备, 在处理时应遵照当地的指导方针。在开始解剖协议之前, 确保所有参与者都熟悉安全处理和处理手术刀和尖锐物体的制度程序. </li>
	<li> 准备下列工具: 剪刀、镊子、手术刀刀片 (No. 15 和 No. 22)、金属探针和金属手术刀柄的钝端 ( 图 1 )。使用手术刀柄钝端, 以尽量减少对微妙的神经纤维的损害, 并保存主要的白质纤维束 ( 图 2 ) 13 。
	<li> 定位大脑, 使其腹面朝向向上. </li>
</ol> 2。解剖过程 注意: 解剖需要大约2到 3 h 来完成 <ol> <li> 用一对创伤 (钝) 钳从两个大脑半球取出蛛网膜和相关的血管. </li>
	<li> 轻轻提起小脑并定位下 colliculi。把手术刀刀片 (No. 15) 附着在一个长的手术刀柄只是尾 colliculi 和轴向通过脑干切割。保持刀片尽可能接近水平, 以避免损害小脑。注意保护中脑的顶. </li>
	<li> 将大脑定位到左侧或右侧的侧裂。从缘回, 使用手术刀柄钝端轻轻地移除表面皮层层。先轻轻向前移动, 然后在侧沟下方, 分别显示在顶叶、额叶和颞裂片上的水平关联纤维束. </li>
	<li> 沿着与上、下纵 fasciculi 连接的脑岛后缘周围的纤维的方向, 以显示弓状束. </li>
	<li> 前, 轻轻地移除中间颞侧和下额回的其余表层皮质层, 以揭示连接颞叶和额部的钩束纤维 </li>
	<li> 识别岛皮层的短回, 然后移除脑岛。然后除去极端的胶囊和 claustrum, 以揭示潜在的外部胶囊。注意状核深部形成的凸出囊。向皮层的背表面移动, 露出日冕的纤维 ( 图 4 ). </li>
	<li> 取出大脑背侧的剩余皮质和底层白质, 以达到扣带回。继续使用钝端的手术刀手柄, 以消除扣带皮层, 以揭示带, 白色物质大片连接前穿孔物质与海马回. </li>
	<li> 使用相同的技术将带从后向前移除, 以揭示胼胝体, 由连接两个大脑半球的合纤维组成。胼胝体 (躯干) 的背部现在将可见 ( 图 6 ). </li>
	<li> 在对侧大脑半球重复步骤2.3 至 2.8. </li>
	<li> 触并确定一个半球的侧脑室的程度。使用探针, 穿刺侧壁的脑室在三角区的位置。使用大小24刀片 (附在一个 No. 4 手术刀手柄) 进入穿刺现场, 并削减下打开整个长度的下角的侧脑室. </li>
	<li> 现在返回到心室侧副三角区, 以将切口向胼胝体的胼胝 (虚线在 图 5 ) 中延伸. </li>
	<li> 在另一个半球上重复步骤2.10 和 2.11. </li>
	<li> 打开侧脑室的身体, 继续切口从三角区 rostrally 使用切开大约 3 cm 平行与胼胝体在两个半球 (虚线在 图 6 ). </li>
	<li> 加入两个平行切口在每个半球 rostrally 水平的膝和尾水平的胼胝的胼胝体。使用钳, 举行在非手, 轻轻地提起胼胝体在胼胝。用一把锋利的小剪刀, 在支配的手举行, 分开胼胝从部下的隔膜隔。一旦你到达身体的侧端, 切割胼胝体并将其移除. </li>
	<li> 将大脑的腹面纵向固定在你非的手掌上, 以稳定枕骨和颞区 (后部)。同时, 用你的优势手牢牢地握住大脑的前端, 把你的手指和拇指放在大脑两侧的状核上. </li>
	<li> 使用轻柔的拉扭动作, 将大脑的前后部分开, 并特别注意保持脉络丛的完好。建议同事在场指导分离, 并在使用手术刀的过程中轻轻地将任何剩余的连接组织分开. </li>
</ol>

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作者声明他们没有利益冲突。

本文件的目的是设计一个解剖指南, 向教师和学生传播, 可用于加强人脑深心室和脑室结构的教学和学习。我们设计了一个 step-by 步指南与伴随的图像, 连同一个视频资源, 可以用来帮助理解的形态学的心室和他们的相关结构。解剖技术本身并不新鲜。纤维解剖曾用于研究小脑解剖14。然而, 我们的研究的新奇之处在传统的解剖方法和现代标注的视频制作的结合。这表明解剖, 尽管?...

许多学生努力理解心室系统的负空间, 位于人脑深处1,2。通常使用的资源可供学生研究脑室提供相对粗糙的表达, 复杂的3D 关系, 这些深脑结构。了解心室系统和相关结构的3D 解剖在神经外科是特别重要的, 因为进入心室系统是测量颅内压力、减压心室的最充分利用的技术之一。系统, 并管理药物3。此外, 医学成像技术的飞速发展, 使得3D 解剖学的解释技能得到了培养。
二维 (2D) 部分的大脑在不同的平面通常用于可视化的深脑结构形成的边界负心室空间4。然而, 仅2D 切片的大脑是不够的, 使学生能够理解的整个范围内的心室3D 结构和该地区的精细细节, 如纤维束连接皮质和皮层下结构5。因此, 教育工作者必须依赖学生自己的能力来计算脑室4的可理解的3D 概念。与空间意识斗争的学生发现创建这个3D 图像非常困难。虽然塑料模型和心室铸型提供了一个3D 的心室系统的表现, 但他们无法证明形成了脑室边界的综合关系。学生常常无意识地删除部分塑料模型, 以进入心室系统, 并了解其相互联系。在这个过程中, 他们经常忽略每个结构的详细的相对位置, 并失去对它们的关系的理解 (例如胼胝体形成的侧脑室的顶部)。
开发新的计算机化教学工具已经解决了其中的一些局限性。但是, 许多这些模型仅限于静态文本和图像, 不利用这些新技术提供的交互性7,8。虽然交互式技术使用户能够旋转3D 计算机模型来研究多个视点, 但这可能会混淆一些用户, 特别是那些发现对结构6具有挑战性的新手。此外, 交互式计算机资源已被证明是不太有效的教学更复杂的解剖结构6。因此, 在神经教育的挑战之一是为学生提供资源, 使他们能够充分形象化的心室和欣赏他们的3D 结构和解剖关系, 包括微妙的联想, 投射,和合的光纤束, 它们与脑室结构2形成复杂的关系。
解剖已被证明是一个优秀的教育方法, 学习解剖学7,8。最近的一项研究提供了学生解剖学习神经的好处的证据。在 2016年, 蕾et al.发现, 在参与解剖的学生中, 神经知识的短期和长期保留能力得到了改善.9。虽然技术的进步继续提高3D 计算机模型的准确性和交互性, 但通过动手解剖获得的知识不能在当前的时间10进行数字复制。
在这项研究中, 我们的目的是产生一个人类大脑的可再生解剖。我们选择了一种纤维解剖方法, 因为它可以保存微妙的纤维束和脑室的灰质结构, 从而更好地定义心室的负空间。
在这里, 我们提出了一个全面的 step-by 步指南, 创造一个 prosection 模型的心室和脑室结构连同一个伴随的训练视频, 用于神经教学和学习。这些资源可以用于教学和学习的神经的大脑由教育工作者和学生。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Scalpel Blade No 15</td><td>Swann-Morton</td><td>0205</td><td>Scalpel blade</td></tr><tr><td>Scalpel Blade No 11</td><td>Swann-Morton</td><td>0203</td><td>Scalpel blade</td></tr><tr><td>Scalpel Blade No 24</td><td>Swann-Morton</td><td>0211</td><td>Scalpel blade</td></tr><tr><td>Long Scalpel handle No3L</td><td>Swann-Morton</td><td>0913</td><td>Scalpel handle</td></tr><tr><td>Short Scalpel handle No4G</td><td>Swann-Morton</td><td>0934</td><td>Scalpel handle</td></tr><tr><td>Scissors</td><td></td><td></td><td>Scissors</td></tr><tr><td>Atraumatic Forceps</td><td></td><td></td><td>Atraumatic forceps</td></tr><tr><td>Toothed Forceps</td><td></td><td></td><td>Toothed forceps</td></tr><tr><td>Genelyn Arterial Enhanced</td><td>GMS Inovations</td><td>AE-475</td><td>Arterial embalming media</td></tr></tbody></table>

exploring deep space - uncovering the anatomy of periventricular structures to reveal the lateral ventricles of the human brain

解剖学学生通常提供 two-dimensional (2D) 部分和图像时, 研究脑室解剖学和学生发现这一挑战。因为心室是位于大脑深处的负空间, 所以了解他们的解剖结构的唯一方法就是欣赏它们的边界。看着这些空间的2D 表示, 在任何一个主要的平面中, 都不会使形成心室边界的所有结构的可视化。因此, 仅使用2D 节就需要学生计算自己的3D 心室空间的心理图像。本研究的目的是开发一种可再生的方法解剖人脑, 创造一个教育资源, 以提高学生对复杂的关系, 心室和脑室结构的理解。为了达到这个目的, 我们创建了一个视频资源, 利用纤维解剖的方法, 以 step-by 的步骤, 揭示了侧和第三脑室与紧密相关的边缘系统和基底节结构。这种方法的优点之一是, 它能够划定的白色物质的大片是很难区分使用其他解剖技术。这段视频附有一份书面协议, 它提供了一个系统的描述过程, 以帮助大脑解剖的再现。该方案为教育工作者和学生提供了宝贵的解剖学教学资源。通过遵循这些指导, 教育工作者可以创造教学资源, 学生可以被引导去产生他们自己的大脑解剖, 作为实践活动。我们建议将该视频指南纳入神经教学, 以提高学生对心室形态学和临床相关性的认识。

这种解剖方法通过将大脑分离成前部和后段 (图 7和 图 8) 来暴露心室系统。后面的部分提供了一个内部的观点, 以三角区的后部和下角可以看到延伸到枕和颞叶分别 (图 8)。在下等或世俗垫铁海马体, 形成它的中间墙壁, 清楚地是可看见的象是毛和穹的下肢。
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Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Exploring Deep Space - Uncovering the Anatomy of Periventricular Structures to Reveal the Lateral Ventricles of the Human Brain at JoVE.com

Exploring Deep Space - Uncovering the Anatomy of Periventricular Structures to Reveal the Lateral Ventricles of the Human Brain

探索深空-揭开人脑侧脑室的脑室结构解剖

本文论证了纤维解剖法在三维空间中有效地揭示了人脑表面白质和脑室结构, 有助于学生对心室形态学的理解。

Anatomy students are typically provided with two-dimensional (2D) sections and images when studying cerebral ventricular anatomy and students find this ...

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Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

16.6K 次观看.  Australian National University. 本文论证了纤维解剖法在三维空间中有效地揭示了人脑表面白质和脑室结构, 有助于学生对心室形态学的理解。

视频: Exploring Deep Space - Uncovering the Anatomy of Periventricular Structures to Reveal the Lateral Ventricles of the Human Brain

The Subventricular Zone En-face: Wholemount Staining and Ependymal Flow

The walls of the lateral ventricles contain the largest germinal region in the adult mammalian brain. The subventricular zone (SVZ) in these walls is an extensively studied model system for understanding the behavior of neural stem cells and the regulation of adult neurogenesis. Traditionally, these studies have relied on classical sectioning techniques for histological analysis. Here we present an alternative approach, the wholemount technique, which provides a comprehensive, en-face view of this germinal region. Compared to sections, wholemounts preserve the complete cytoarchitecture and cellular relationships within the SVZ. This approach has recently revealed that the adult neural stem cells, or type B1 cells, are part of a mixed neuroepithelium with differentiated ependymal cells lining the lateral ventricles. In addition, this approach has been used to study the planar polarization of ependymal cells and the cerebrospinal fluid flow they generate in the ventricle. With recent evidence that adult neural stem cells are a heterogeneous population that is regionally specified, the wholemount approach will likely be an essential tool for understanding the organization and parcellation of this stem cell niche.

The lateral ventricle walls contain the largest germinal region in the adult mammalian brain. Traditionally, studies on neurogenesis in this region have relied on classical sectioning techniques for histological analysis. Here we present an alternative approach, the wholemount technique, which provides a comprehensive, en-face view of this germinal region.

脑室下区恩的脸：Wholemount染色和室管膜流量

The walls of the lateral ventricles contain the largest germinal region in the adult mammalian brain. The subventricular zone (SVZ) in these walls is an ...

科研

神经科学

A Visual Description of the Dissection of the Cerebral Surface Vasculature and Associated Meninges and the Choroid Plexus from Rat Brain

This video presentation was created to show a method of harvesting the two most important highly vascular structures, not residing within the brain proper, that support forebrain function. They are the cerebral surface (superficial) vasculature along with associated meninges (MAV) and the choroid plexus which are necessary for cerebral blood flow and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) homeostasis. The tissue harvested is suitable for biochemical and physiological analysis, and the MAV has been shown to be sensitive to damage produced by amphetamine and hyperthermia 1,2. As well, the major and minor cerebral vasculatures harvested in MAV are of potentially high interest when investigating concussive types of head trauma. The MAV dissected in this presentation consists of the pial and some of the arachnoid membrane (less dura) of the meninges and the major and minor cerebral surface vasculature. The choroid plexus dissected is the structure that resides in the lateral ventricles as described by Oldfield and McKinley3,4,5,6. The methods used for harvesting these two tissues also facilitate the harvesting of regional cortical tissue devoid of meninges and larger cerebral surface vasculature, and is compatible with harvesting other brain tissues such as striatum, hypothalamus, hippocampus, etc. The dissection of the two tissues takes from 5 to 10 min total. The gene expression levels for the dissected MAV and choroid plexus, as shown and described in this presentation can be found at GSE23093 (MAV) and GSE29733 (choroid plexus) at the NCBI GEO repository. This data has been, and is being, used to help further understand the functioning of the MAV and choroid plexus and how neurotoxic events such as severe hyperthermia and AMPH adversely affect their function.

This video presentation shows a method of harvesting the two most important highly vascular structures that support forebrain function. They are the cerebral surface (superficial) vasculature along with associated meninges (MAV) and the choroid plexus which are necessary for cerebral blood flow and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) homeostasis.

从大鼠脑的解剖脑表面血管及相关脑膜和脉络丛的可视描述，

This video presentation was created to show a method of harvesting the two most important highly vascular structures, not residing within the brain ...

A Comprehensive Protocol for Manual Segmentation of the Medial Temporal Lobe Structures

The present paper describes a comprehensive protocol for manual tracing of the set of brain regions comprising the medial temporal lobe (MTL): amygdala, hippocampus, and the associated parahippocampal regions (perirhinal, entorhinal,&#160;and parahippocampal proper). Unlike most other tracing protocols available, typically focusing on certain MTL areas (e.g., amygdala and/or hippocampus), the integrative perspective adopted by the present tracing guidelines allows for clear localization of all MTL subregions. By integrating information from a variety of sources, including extant tracing protocols separately targeting various MTL structures, histological reports, and brain atlases, and with the complement of illustrative visual materials, the present protocol provides an accurate, intuitive, and convenient guide for understanding the MTL anatomy. The need for such tracing guidelines is also emphasized by illustrating possible differences between automatic and manual segmentation protocols. This knowledge can be applied toward research involving not only structural MRI investigations but also structural-functional colocalization and fMRI signal extraction from anatomically defined ROIs, in healthy and clinical groups alike.

The present work provides a comprehensive set of guidelines for manually tracing the medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures. This protocol can be applied to research involving structural and/or combined structural-functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) investigations of the MTL, in both healthy and clinical groups.

一个全面协议的内侧颞叶结构的手动分割

The present paper describes a comprehensive protocol for manual tracing of the set of brain regions comprising the medial temporal lobe (MTL): amygdala, ...

3D Modeling of the Lateral Ventricles and Histological Characterization of Periventricular Tissue in Humans and Mouse

The ventricular system carries and circulates cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and facilitates clearance of solutes and toxins from the brain. The functional units of the ventricles are ciliated epithelial cells termed ependymal cells, which line the ventricles and through ciliary action are capable of generating laminar flow of CSF at the ventricle surface. This monolayer of ependymal cells also provides barrier and filtration functions that promote exchange between brain interstitial fluids (ISF) and circulating CSF. Biochemical changes in the brain are thereby reflected in the composition of the CSF and destruction of the ependyma can disrupt the delicate balance of CSF and ISF exchange. In humans there is a strong correlation between lateral ventricle expansion and aging. Age-associated ventriculomegaly can occur even in the absence of dementia or obstruction of CSF flow. The exact cause and progression of ventriculomegaly is often unknown; however, enlarged ventricles can show regional and, often, extensive loss of ependymal cell coverage with ventricle surface astrogliosis and associated periventricular edema replacing the functional ependymal cell monolayer. Using MRI scans together with postmortem human brain tissue, we describe how to prepare, image and compile 3D renderings of lateral ventricle volumes, calculate lateral ventricle volumes, and characterize periventricular tissue through immunohistochemical analysis of en face lateral ventricle wall tissue preparations. Corresponding analyses of mouse brain tissue are also presented supporting the use of mouse models as a means to evaluate changes to the lateral ventricles and periventricular tissue found in human aging and disease. Together, these protocols allow investigations into the cause and effect of ventriculomegaly and highlight techniques to study ventricular system health and its important barrier and filtration functions within the brain.

Using MRI scans (human), 3D imaging software, and immunohistological analysis, we document changes to the brain&#8217;s lateral ventricles. Longitudinal 3D mapping of lateral ventricle volume changes and characterization of periventricular cellular changes that occur in the human brain due to aging or disease are then modeled in mice.

脑室周围组织的侧脑室及组织学特性对人类和鼠标3D建模

The ventricular system carries and circulates cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and facilitates clearance of solutes and toxins from the brain. The functional ...

High-resolution Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Human Subcortex In Vivo and Postmortem

The focus of this study was to test the resolution limits of structural MRI of a postmortem brain compared to living human brains. The resolution of structural MRI in vivo is ultimately limited by physiological noise, including pulsation, respiration and head movement. Although imaging hardware continues to improve, it is still difficult to resolve structures on the millimeter scale. For example, the primary visual sensory pathways synapse at the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), a visual relay and control nucleus in the thalamus that normally is organized into six interleaved monocular layers. Neuroimaging studies have not been able to reliably distinguish these layers due their small size that are less than 1 mm thick.
The resolving limit of structural MRI, in a postmortem brain was tested using multiple images averaged over a long duration (~24 h). The purpose was to test whether it was possible to resolve the individual layers of the LGN in the absence of physiological noise. A proton density (PD)1 weighted pulse sequence was used with varying resolution and other parameters to determine the minimum number of images necessary to be registered and averaged to reliably distinguish the LGN and other subcortical regions. The results were also compared to images acquired in living human brains. In vivo subjects were scanned in order to determine the additional effects of physiological noise on the minimum number of PD scans needed to differentiate subcortical structures, useful in clinical applications.

High-resolution Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Human Subcortex In Vivo and Postmortem

Here we present a protocol to determine the minimum number images that needed to be registered and averaged to resolve subcortical structures and test whether the individual layers of the LGN could be resolved in the absence of physiological noise.

高分辨率结构磁共振人类皮质下的成像<I&gt;在体内</I&gt;与死亡

The focus of this study was to test the resolution limits of structural MRI of a postmortem brain compared to living human brains. The resolution of ...

Microdissection of Mouse Brain into Functionally and Anatomically Different Regions

The brain is the command center for the mammalian nervous system and an organ with enormous structural complexity. Protected within the skull, the brain consists of an outer covering of grey matter over the hemispheres known as the cerebral cortex. Underneath this layer reside many other specialized structures that are essential for multiple phenomenon important for existence. Acquiring samples of specific gross brain regions requires quick and precise dissection steps.&#160;It is understood that at the microscopic level, many sub-regions exist and likely cross the arbitrary regional boundaries that we impose for the purpose of this dissection.
Mouse models are routinely used to study human brain functions and diseases. Changes in gene expression patterns may be confined to specific brain areas targeting a particular phenotype depending on the diseased state. Thus, it is of great importance to study regulation of transcription with respect to its well-defined structural organization. A complete understanding of the brain requires studying distinct brain regions, defining connections, and identifying key differences in the activities of each of these brain regions. A more comprehensive understanding of each of these distinct regions may pave the way for new and improved treatments in the field of neuroscience. Herein, we discuss a step-by-step methodology for dissecting the mouse brain into sixteen distinct regions. In this procedure, we have focused on male mouse C57Bl/6J (6-8 week old) brain removal and dissection into multiple regions using neuroanatomical landmarks to identify and sample discrete functionally-relevant and behaviorally-relevant&#160;brain regions. This work will help lay a strong foundation in the field of neuroscience, leading to more focused approaches in the deeper understanding of brain function.

We present a hands-on, step-by-step, rapid protocol for mouse brain removal and dissection of discrete regions from fresh brain tissue. Obtaining brain regions for molecular analysis has become routine in many neuroscience labs. These brain regions are immediately frozen to obtain high quality transcriptomic data for system level analysis.

将小鼠大脑显微切割成功能和解剖学上不同的区域

The brain is the command center for the mammalian nervous system and an organ with enormous structural complexity. Protected within the skull, the brain ...

A Standardized Pipeline for Examining Human Cerebellar Grey Matter Morphometry using Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Multiple lines of research provide compelling evidence for a role of the cerebellum in a wide array of cognitive and affective functions, going far beyond its historical association with motor control. Structural and functional neuroimaging studies have further refined understanding of the functional neuroanatomy of the cerebellum beyond its anatomical divisions, highlighting the need for the examination of individual cerebellar subunits in healthy variability and neurological diseases. This paper presents a standardized pipeline for examining cerebellum grey matter morphometry that combines high-resolution, state-of-the-art approaches for optimized and automated cerebellum parcellation (Automatic Cerebellum Anatomical Parcellation using U-Net Locally Constrained Optimization; ACAPULCO) and voxel-based registration of the cerebellum (Spatially Unbiased Infra-tentorial Template; SUIT) for volumetric quantification. 
The pipeline has broad applicability to a range of neurological diseases and is fully automated, with manual intervention only required for quality control of the outputs. The pipeline is freely available, with substantial accompanying documentation, and can be run on Mac, Windows, and Linux operating systems. The pipeline is applied in a cohort of individuals with Friedreich ataxia (FRDA), and representative results, as well as recommendations on group-level inferential statistical analyses, are provided. This pipeline could facilitate reliability and reproducibility across the field, ultimately providing a powerful methodological approach for characterizing and tracking cerebellar structural changes in neurological diseases.

A standardized pipeline is presented for examining cerebellum grey matter morphometry. The pipeline combines high-resolution, state-of-the-art approaches for optimized and automated cerebellum parcellation and voxel-based registration of the cerebellum for volumetric quantification.

一种使用结构磁共振成像检查人小脑灰质形态测量的标准化管道

Multiple lines of research provide compelling evidence for a role of the cerebellum in a wide array of cognitive and affective functions, going far beyond ...

蛛网膜下腔出血后脑周细胞收缩力的可视化

Imaging Vital and Non-vital Brain Pericytes in Brain Slices following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Pericytes are crucial mural cells situated within cerebral microcirculation, pivotal in actively modulating cerebral blood flow via contractility adjustments. Conventionally, their contractility is gauged by observing morphological shifts and nearby capillary diameter changes under specific circumstances. Yet, post-tissue fixation, evaluating vitality and ensuing pericyte contractility of imaged brain pericytes becomes compromised. Similarly, genetically labeling brain pericytes falls short in distinguishing between viable and non-viable pericytes, particularly in neurologic conditions like subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), where our preliminary investigation validates brain pericyte demise. A reliable protocol has been devised to surmount these constraints, enabling simultaneous fluorescent tagging of both functional and non-functional brain pericytes in brain sections. This labeling method allows high-resolution confocal microscope visualization, concurrently marking the brain slice microvasculature. This innovative protocol offers a means to appraise brain pericyte contractility, its impact on capillary diameter, and pericyte structure. Investigating brain pericyte contractility within the SAH context yields insightful comprehension of its effects on cerebral microcirculation.

作者聚焦:啮齿动物蛛网膜下腔出血后周细胞成像 

The preliminary inquiry confirms that subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) causes brain pericyte demise. Evaluating pericyte contractility post-SAH requires differentiation between viable and non-viable brain pericytes. Hence, a procedure has been developed to label viable and non-viable brain pericytes concurrently in brain sections, facilitating observation using a high-resolution confocal microscope.

探索深空-揭开人脑侧脑室的脑室结构解剖

摘要

探索更多视频

脑室下区恩的脸：Wholemount染色和室管膜流量

从大鼠脑的解剖脑表面血管及相关脑膜和脉络丛的可视描述，

一个全面协议的内侧颞叶结构的手动分割

脑室周围组织的侧脑室及组织学特性对人类和鼠标3D建模

高分辨率结构磁共振人类皮质下的成像

将小鼠大脑显微切割成功能和解剖学上不同的区域

一种使用结构磁共振成像检查人小脑灰质形态测量的标准化管道

蛛网膜下腔出血后脑切片中重要和非重要脑周细胞的成像

蛛网膜下腔出血后脑切片中重要和非重要脑周细胞的成像

蛛网膜下腔出血后脑切片中重要和非重要脑周细胞的成像