Name: mouse model of surgically-induced endometriosis by auto-transplantation of uterine tissue
Uploaded: 2012-01-06T12:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Mouse Model of Surgically-induced Endometriosis by Auto-transplantation of Uterine Tissue at JoVE.com

Special thanks to Chris Kassotis and Audrey Bailey for critical review of this manuscript and to Dr. Scott Korte, Joseph Beeman, Alison Curfman, Paul Kimball, Bridget Neibreggue, Jacob Redel, Amy Schroder, Maija Steinberg, and Stacey Winkeler for their assistance in optimization of this model in our laboratory. Funding was provided by the Clinical Biodetectives Training Grant (NIH T90) (KEP), University of Missouri Life Sciences Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program, MU Research Council, MU Research Board grants and NIH R21HD056441 (SCN).

1. Planning for live-animal surgery
<ol>
	<li>Ensure that appropriate approval has been received to work with laboratory animals.</li>
	<li>Order mice and allow at least one week of acclimation to their new environment.</li>
	<li>Female mice housed in the absence of exposure to male pheromones can stop cycling, a phenomenon referred to as the Whitten effect15,16. To keep mice cycling transfer urine-soaked male bedding to the female cage every five days. Alternatively, if open-top cages are used, place the fe...

<ol>
	<li>Simoens, S., Hummelshoj, L., D'Hooghe, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endometriosis:+cost+estimates+and+methodological+perspective.">Endometriosis: cost estimates and methodological perspective.</a> Hum. Reprod. Update. 13, 395-404 (2007).</li><li>Grummer, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+in+endometriosis+research.">Animal models in endometriosis research.</a> Hum. Reprod. Update. 12, 641-649 (2006).</li><li>Vernon, M. W., Wilson, E. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Studies+on+the+surgical+induction+of+endometriosis+in+the+rat.">Studies on the surgical induction of endometriosis in the rat.</a> Fertil. Steril. 44, 684-694 (1985).</li><li>Cummings, A. M., Metcalf, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+endometriosis+in+mice:+a+new+model+sensitive+to+estrogen.">Induction of endometriosis in mice: a new model sensitive to estrogen.</a> Reprod. Toxicol. 9, 233-238 (1995).</li><li>Pelch, K. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Aberrant+gene+expression+profile+in+a+mouse+model+of+endometriosis+mirrors+that+observed+in+women.">Aberrant gene expression profile in a mouse model of endometriosis mirrors that observed in women.</a> Fertil. Steril. 93, 1615-1627 (2010).</li><li>Flores, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+profiling+of+experimental+endometriosis+identified+gene+expression+patterns+in+common+with+human+disease.">Molecular profiling of experimental endometriosis identified gene expression patterns in common with human disease.</a> Fertil. Steril. 87, 1180-1199 (2007).</li><li>Giudice, L. C., Kao, L. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endometriosis.">Endometriosis.</a> Lancet. 364, 1789-1799 (2004).</li><li>Lin, Y. J., Lai, L. e. i., Y, H., Wing, L. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neutrophils+and+macrophages+promote+angiogenesis+in+the+early+stage+of+endometriosis+in+a+mouse+model.">Neutrophils and macrophages promote angiogenesis in the early stage of endometriosis in a mouse model.</a> Endocrinology. 147, 1278-1286 (2006).</li><li>Fang, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intact+progesterone+receptors+are+essential+to+counteract+the+proliferative+effect+of+estradiol+in+a+genetically+engineered+mouse+model+of+endometriosis.">Intact progesterone receptors are essential to counteract the proliferative effect of estradiol in a genetically engineered mouse model of endometriosis.</a> Fertil. Steril. 82, 673-678 (2004).</li><li>Fang, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genetic+or+enzymatic+disruption+of+aromatase+inhibits+the+growth+of+ectopic+uterine+tissue.">Genetic or enzymatic disruption of aromatase inhibits the growth of ectopic uterine tissue.</a> J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87, 3460-3466 (2002).</li><li>Cummings, A. M., Metcalf, J. L., Birnbaum, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Promotion+of+endometriosis+by+2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin+in+rats+and+mice:+time-dose+dependence+and+species+comparison.">Promotion of endometriosis by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in rats and mice: time-dose dependence and species comparison.</a> Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 138, 131-139 (1996).</li><li>Foster, W. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Morphologic+characteristics+of+endometriosis+in+the+mouse+model:+application+to+toxicology.">Morphologic characteristics of endometriosis in the mouse model: application to toxicology.</a> Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 75, 1188-1196 (1997).</li><li>Cummings, A. M., Metcalf, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+surgically+induced+endometriosis+on+pregnancy+and+effect+of+pregnancy+and+lactation+on+endometriosis+in+mice.">Effect of surgically induced endometriosis on pregnancy and effect of pregnancy and lactation on endometriosis in mice.</a> Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 212, 332-337 (1996).</li><li>Lu, Y., Nie, J., Liu, X., Zheng, Y., Guo, S. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Trichostatin+A,+a+histone+deacetylase+inhibitor,+reduces+lesion+growth+and+hyperalgesia+in+experimentally+induced+endometriosis+in+mice.">Trichostatin A, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, reduces lesion growth and hyperalgesia in experimentally induced endometriosis in mice.</a> Hum. Reprod. 25, 1014-1025 (2010).</li><li>Whitten, W. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modification+of+the+oestrous+cycle+of+the+mouse+by+external+stimuli+associated+with+the+male.">Modification of the oestrous cycle of the mouse by external stimuli associated with the male.</a> J. Endocrinol. 13, 399-404 (1956).</li><li>Whitten, W. K., Bronson, F. H., Greenstein, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Estrus-inducing+pheromone+of+male+mice:+transport+by+movement+of+air.">Estrus-inducing pheromone of male mice: transport by movement of air.</a> Science. 161, 584-585 (1968).</li><li>Goldman, J. M., Murr, A. S., Cooper, R. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+rodent+estrous+cycle:+characterization+of+vaginal+cytology+and+its+utility+in+toxicological+studies.">The rodent estrous cycle: characterization of vaginal cytology and its utility in toxicological studies.</a> Birth. Defects. Res. B. Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. 80, 84-97 (2007).</li><li>Pritchett-Corning, K. R., Mulder, G. B., Luo, Y., White, W. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Principles+of+Rodent+Surgery+for+the+New+Surgeon.">Principles of Rodent Surgery for the New Surgeon.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (47), e2586-e2586 (2011).</li><li>Moen, M. H., Halvorsen, T. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Histologic+confirmation+of+endometriosis+in+different+peritoneal+lesions.">Histologic confirmation of endometriosis in different peritoneal lesions.</a> Acta. Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 71, 337-342 (1992).</li><li>Cummings, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methoxychlor+as+a+model+for+environmental+estrogens.">Methoxychlor as a model for environmental estrogens.</a> Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 27, 367-379 (1997).</li><li>Fowler, R. E., Edwards, R. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+superovulation+and+pregnancy+in+mature+mice+by+gonadotrophins.">Induction of superovulation and pregnancy in mature mice by gonadotrophins.</a> J. Endocrinol. 15, 374-384 (1957).</li><li>Wilson, E. D., Zarrow, M. X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+superovulation+in+the+immature+mouse+and+rat.">Comparison of superovulation in the immature mouse and rat.</a> J. Reprod. Fertil. 3, 148-158 (1962).</li><li>Lee, B., Du, H., Taylor, H. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+murine+endometriosis+induces+DNA+methylation+and+altered+gene+expression+in+eutopic+endometrium.">Experimental murine endometriosis induces DNA methylation and altered gene expression in eutopic endometrium.</a> Biol. Reprod. 80, 79-85 (2009).</li><li>Somigliana, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endometrial+ability+to+implant+in+ectopic+sites+can+be+prevented+by+interleukin-12+in+a+murine+model+of+endometriosis.">Endometrial ability to implant in ectopic sites can be prevented by interleukin-12 in a murine model of endometriosis.</a> Hum. Reprod. 14, 2944-2950 (1999).</li><li>Hirata, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+an+experimental+model+of+endometriosis+using+mice+that+ubiquitously+express+green+fluorescent+protein.">Development of an experimental model of endometriosis using mice that ubiquitously express green fluorescent protein.</a> Hum. Reprod. 20, 2092-2096 (2005).</li><li>Story, L., Kennedy, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+studies+in+endometriosis:+a+review.">Animal studies in endometriosis: a review.</a> Ilar. J. 45, 132-138 (2004).</li><li>Cummings, A. M., Hedge, J. M., Birnbaum, L. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+prenatal+exposure+to+TCDD+on+the+promotion+of+endometriotic+lesion+growth+by+TCDD+in+adult+female+rats+and+mice.">Effect of prenatal exposure to TCDD on the promotion of endometriotic lesion growth by TCDD in adult female rats and mice.</a> Toxicol. Sci. 52, 45-49 (1999).</li><li>Cummings, A. M., Metcalf, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+estrogen,+progesterone,+and+methoxychlor+on+surgically+induced+endometriosis+in+rats.">Effects of estrogen, progesterone, and methoxychlor on surgically induced endometriosis in rats.</a> Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 27, 287-290 (1995).</li><li>Sharpe-Timms, K. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endometriotic+lesions+synthesize+and+secrete+a+haptoglobin-like+protein.">Endometriotic lesions synthesize and secrete a haptoglobin-like protein.</a> Biol. Reprod. 58, 988-994 (1998).</li><li>Yavuz, E., Oktem, M., Esinler, I., Toru, S. A., Zeyneloglu, H. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genistein+causes+regression+of+endometriotic+implants+in+the+rat+model.">Genistein causes regression of endometriotic implants in the rat model.</a> Fertil. Steril. 88, 1129-1134 (2007).</li><li>Dmitrieva, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endocannabinoid+involvement+in+endometriosis.">Endocannabinoid involvement in endometriosis.</a> Pain. 151, 703-710 (2010).</li><li>Efstathiou, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nonsteroidal+antiinflammatory+drugs+differentially+suppress+endometriosis+in+a+murine+model.">Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs differentially suppress endometriosis in a murine model.</a> Fertil. Steril. 83, 171-181 (2005).</li><li>Becker, C. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endostatin+inhibits+the+growth+of+endometriotic+lesions+but+does+not+affect+fertility.">Endostatin inhibits the growth of endometriotic lesions but does not affect fertility.</a> Fertil. Steril. 84, 1144-1155 (2005).</li><li>Becker, C. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Short+synthetic+endostatin+peptides+inhibit+endothelial+migration+in+vitro+and+endometriosis+in+a+mouse+model.">Short synthetic endostatin peptides inhibit endothelial migration in vitro and endometriosis in a mouse model.</a> Fertil. Steril. 85, 71-77 (2006).</li><li>Sharpe-Timms, K. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Using+rats+as+a+research+model+for+the+study+of+endometriosis.">Using rats as a research model for the study of endometriosis.</a> Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 955, 318-327 (2002).</li><li>Stilley, J. A., Woods-Marshall, R., Sutovsky, M., Sutovsky, P., Sharpe-Timms, K. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reduced+Fecundity+in+Female+Rats+with+Surgically+Induced+Endometriosis+and+in+Their+Daughters:+A+Potential+Role+for+Tissue+Inhibitors+of+Metalloproteinase+1.">Reduced Fecundity in Female Rats with Surgically Induced Endometriosis and in Their Daughters: A Potential Role for Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinase 1.</a> Biol. Reprod. 80, (2009).</li></ol>

There are several critical parameters that should be noted while performing the surgical induction of endometriosis in mice. First, endometriosis is an estrogen dependent disease and as such this surgery should be performed in intact animals or alternatively in ovariectomized animals supplemented with estrogens20. Second, suturing the endometrial biopsies to the arterial cascade must be performed with extreme care. We have found that using only two relatively loose knots with one throw each keeps the biopsy in...

<table border="1">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Name of the reagent/equipment</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalogue number</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wax pencil</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>NC9954135</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass slide</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>12-550-433</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eyedropper</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>S79383</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Standard light microscope for evaluating vaginal cytology smears</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Buprenorphine HCL c3 (CARJET) 10X1ml</td>
			<td>Butler Animal Health Supply</td>
			<td>022891</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>14040-117</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10,000U/ml Penicillin, 10,000&mu;g/ml Streptomycin in 0.85% NaCl</td>
			<td>Hyclone</td>
			<td>SV30010</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>Abbott Animal Health</td>
			<td>05260-05</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane non-rebreathing anesthetic system</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Recirculating hot water heating pad</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>30 ml syringe sheath</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>14-823-16G</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Powder free sterile gloves</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>19020558</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ophthalmic ointment</td>
			<td>Major Pharmaceuticals</td>
			<td>10033691</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Small electrical clippers</td>
			<td>Wahl</td>
			<td>9861-600</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chlorhexidine scrub</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>NC9863042</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>70% Ethanol</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polylined sterile field</td>
			<td>Busse Hospital Disposables</td>
			<td>696</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Size 3 scalpel</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>22-079-657</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Number 10 scalpel blades</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>22-079-681</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Small surgical scissors</td>
			<td>Roboz</td>
			<td>RS-5850</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Small serrated semi-curved forceps</td>
			<td>Roboz</td>
			<td>RS-5135</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5-0 black braided silk suture</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>K870H</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterilized pyrex glass Petri dishes</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>70160-101</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2 mm biopsy punch</td>
			<td>Miltex</td>
			<td>33-31</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile gauze</td>
			<td>Kendall</td>
			<td>1806</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6-0 black monofilament ethilon nylon suture</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>697G</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Needle drivers (optional)</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>500023</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5-0 undyed braided coated vicryl suture</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>J490G</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>9mm Autoclip wound clips</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinson</td>
			<td>427631</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Autoclip applier &amp; remover</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinson</td>
			<td>427630</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>23G needle</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinson</td>
			<td>305193</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1cc syringe</td>
			<td>Becton Dickson</td>
			<td>301025</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5X magnifying glass stand (optional)</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>14-648-23</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10% Buffered formalin</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>SF100-4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Calipers</td>
			<td>Roboz</td>
			<td>RS-6466</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Processing/embedding cassettes</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>15-197-700A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biopsy foam pads</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>22-038-222</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RNAqueous RNA isolation kit</td>
			<td>Ambion</td>
			<td>AM1912</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Liquid nitrogen</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Snap cap microcentrifuge flat top tube</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>02-681-240</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketamine (optional)</td>
			<td>Simga</td>
			<td>K4138</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Domitor (medetomidine hydrochloride) (optional)</td>
			<td>Tocris</td>
			<td>2023</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Antisedan (atipamezole) (optional)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A9611</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

mouse model of surgically-induced endometriosis by auto-transplantation of uterine tissue

Endometriosis is a chronic, painful disease whose etiology remains unknown. Furthermore, treatment of endometriosis can require laparoscopic removal of lesions, and/or chronic pharmaceutical management of pain and infertility symptoms. The cost associated with endometriosis has been estimated at 22 billion dollars per year in the United States1. To further our understanding of mechanisms underlying this enigmatic disease, animal models have been employed. Primates spontaneously develop endometriosis and therefore primate models most closely resemble the disease in women. Rodent models, however, are more cost effective and readily available2. The model that we describe here involves an autologous transfer of uterine tissue to the intestinal mesentery (Figure 1) and was first developed in the rat3 and later transferred to the mouse4. The goal of the autologous rodent model of surgically-induced endometriosis is to mimic the disease in women. We and others have previously shown that the altered gene expression pattern observed in endometriotic lesions from mice or rats mirrors that observed in women with the disease5,6. One advantage of performing the surgery in the mouse is that the abundance of transgenic mouse strains available can aid researchers in determining the role of specific components important in the establishment and growth of endometriosis. An alternative model in which excised human endometrial fragments are introduced to the peritoneum of immunocompromised mice is also widely used but is limited by the lack of a normal immune system which is thought to be important in endometriosis2,7. Importantly, the mouse model of surgically induced endometriosis is a versatile model that has been used to study how the immune system8, hormones9,10 and environmental factors11,12 affect endometriosis as well as the effects of endometriosis on fertility13 and pain14.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Mouse Model of Surgically-induced Endometriosis by Auto-transplantation of Uterine Tissue at JoVE.com

Mouse Model of Surgically-induced Endometriosis by Auto-transplantation of Uterine Tissue

A description of the surgical induction of endometriosis in mice and rats by auto-transplantation of uterine tissue to the arterial cascade of the intestinal mesentery.

Endometriosis is a chronic, painful disease whose etiology remains unknown. Furthermore, treatment of endometriosis can require laparoscopic removal of ...

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