Establishment of an Embryo Implantation Model In Vitro

Summary

This protocol describes methodologies to establish simple and efficient embryo implantation in vitro model for evaluating the relevant molecules affecting the embryo implantation process.

Abstract

Embryo implantation is the first step in the establishment of a successful pregnancy. An in vitro model for embryo implantation is critical for basic biological research, drug development, and screening. This paper presents a simple, rapid, and highly efficient in vitro model for embryo implantation. In this protocol, we first introduce mouse blastocyst acquisition and human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells (Ishikawa) preparation for implantation, followed by the co-culture method for mouse embryos and Ishikawa cells. Finally, we conducted a study to assess the impact of varying concentrations of 17-β-estradiol (E₂) and progesterone (P4) on embryo adhesion rates based on this model. Our findings revealed that high concentrations of E₂ significantly reduced embryo adhesion, whereas the addition of progesterone could restore the adhesion rate. This model offers a simple and fast platform for evaluating and screening molecules involved in the adhesion process, such as cytokines, drugs, and transcription factors controlling implantation and endometrial receptivity.

Introduction

Embryo implantation, the initial step of successful pregnancy, is crucial for understanding its biological basis and addressing the challenges of infertility. However, ethical constraints pose significant limitations in collecting human clinical embryo samples, hampering research into the intricate interactions between human embryos and the endometrium during early pregnancy¹. A profound comprehension of these complex mechanisms is vital for advancing fundamental biological research, drug discovery, and reproductive health.

Previous in vitro models employed adhesion models where monolayer human endometrial epithelial....

Protocol

Mouse handling and experimental studies were performed under protocols approved by the Animal Committee of the Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies. Ensure Safety Procedures: Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling chemicals or biological materials.

1. Acquisition of mouse embryos

NOTE: This section describes the process of obtaining mouse embryos. Adult female mice (6-8 weeks old, hybrid .......

Discussion

The simplicity and rapidity of the proposed in vitro model for embryo implantation offer remarkable advantages for early-stage drug screening and other research applications. The straightforward protocol, coupled with the high-throughput nature of Ishikawa cell lines, makes it an ideal candidate for large-scale screens, particularly in the early stages of drug discovery. Liang¹³ found that TAGLN2 knockdown decreased the invasion ability of trophoblast cells. Green¹⁴

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
17-β-estradiol	SIGMA	3301	Most potent mammalian estrogenic hormone
BD Falcon	BD	353001	Bacteriological Petri Dishes 35 x 10 mm style w/tight lid, crystal-grade virgin polystyrene, sterile
Biosafety Cabinet	ESCO	class BSC	Aseptic operations, making culture dishes, aliquoting reagents, etc
CO2 Incubator	Thermo	8000DH	Embryo culture
Culture plate	Corning	3506	Cell culture
DMEM/F12	Gibco	1133032	DMEM/F12 (1x), liquid 1:1,Contains L-glutamine and 15 mM HEPES buffer
Fetal Bovine Serum	Gibco	10099141	Fetal Bovine Serum, Qualified, Australia Origin
Gelatin	SIGMA	G9391	Type B, powder, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture
HCG	Nanjing Aibei	M2520	Sterilization reagent, intraperitoneal injection, 50 IU/mL
Hyaluronidase	SIGMA	V900833	Reagent grade, powder
KSOM	Merck	MR-020P-D	(1x), Powder, w/o Phenol Red, 5 x 10 mL
L-glutamine	Gibco	25030081	L-glutamine-200 mM (100x), liquid
M2	Merck	MR-015-D	EmbryoMax M2 Medium (1x), Liquid, with Phenol Red
Mineral oil	SIGMA	M8410	Mineral oil is suitable for use as a cover layer to control evaporation and cross-contamination in various molecular biology applications
Penicillin-Streptomycin, liquid	Gibco	15140122	10,000 Units penicillin (base) and 10,000 units streptomycin (base), utilizing penicillin G (sodium salt) and streptomycin sulfate in 0.85% saline
PMSG	Nanjing Aibei	M2620	Sterilization reagent ,intraperitoneal injection, 50 IU/mL
Progesterone	SIGMA	5341	Steroid hormone secreted by the corpus luteum during the latter half of the menstrual cycle
Sodium pyruvate	Gibco	11360070	Sodium pyruvate is commonly added to cell culture media as a carbon source in addition to glucose
Stereomicroscope	Olympus	SZX7	Embryo retrieval and observation of embryo development