Name: handheld metal detector screening for metallic foreign body ingestion in children
Uploaded: 2018-09-11T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 4 min 55 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children at JoVE.com

Los autores agradecen el Dr. Lee Khai Pin, cabeza y Hospital Consultor Senior, emergencia de los niños, KK mujeres y niños, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapur para el apoyo administrativo con la producción de vídeo artículo. Artículo reproducido con permiso de «Mano Metal Detector para metálico exterior cuerpo ingestión en pediátrico emergencia»; Agosto 2018:85 (8): 618-624; Hazwani Binte Hamzah, James Vigil, Suraj Manickam, Sashikumar Ganapathy: copyright el diario indio de la pediatría.

El protocolo sigue las pautas del Comité de ética institucional de la investigación humana. La Junta de revisión institucional central proporciona la aprobación ética para el estudio.
1. participante de detección
<ol><li>Reclutar a los pacientes que presentan para el Departamento de emergencia pediátrico con historia de ingestión de cuerpo extraño.</li>
	<li>Excluir a los pacientes que están en señal de socorro respiratoria y ha implantado dispositivos como pace makers.</li>
</ol>2. prepare al paciente
<ol><li>Vestido del paciente en una bata de hospital.</li>
	<li>Quitar todos los elementos que pueden contener objetos metálicos tales como ropa, lentes, aretes, dijes y adornos antes del examen para evitar la interferencia con la proyección de HHMD.</li>
	<li>Colocar al paciente en el centro de la habitación de otros posibles interferencias metálicas.</li>
</ol>3. prepare el examinador y los cuidadores
<ol><li>Retire todos los accesorios metálicos como joyas y reloj.</li>
	<li>Solicitar el cuidador para quitar todos los accesorios metálicos como joyas y reloj.</li>
</ol>4. metal Detector proyección
<ol><li>Utilizar el HHMD (figura 1) para realizar la proyección.</li>
	<li>Para confirmar el estado de trabajo de lo HHMD provocando una positiva señal audiovisual moviendo sobre una pieza de metal.</li>
	<li>Realizar el HHMD exploración en bipedestación para niños más grandes.</li>
	<li>Realizar el HHMD exploración en posición erecta para niños por tener la bodega de cuidador del paciente adecuadamente.</li>
	<li>Sostener las manos del paciente hacia arriba y lejos del cuerpo.</li>
	<li>Posición de la cabeza del paciente en extensión para exponer el cuello.</li>
	<li>Análisis del nivel de la barbilla al nivel de la articulación de la cadera para cubrir las zonas anatómicas del cuello a la pelvis.</li>
	<li>Realizar el análisis en forma de zig-zag en todo el cuerpo para garantizar que cada área ha sido explorado.</li>
	<li>Escanear ambos anterior y posterior como el grosor del paciente debe tenerse en cuenta.</li>
	<li>Observe detenidamente la señal audiovisual positiva durante la exploración para la presencia de MFBs.</li>
</ol>5. realizar la pertinente radiografía
<ol><li>Solicitar la pertinente radiografía del cuello, pecho o abdomen, según el área detectado por la investigación HHMD para el MFBs.</li>
	<li>Proceder con todas las vistas de rayos x (cuello, tórax y abdomen) si la tecla MFB no fue detectado durante la proyección HHMD y el índice clínico de sospecha para ingestión de cuerpo extraño es alta.</li>
</ol>6. registrar los resultados de la prueba
<ol><li>Registrar los resultados en el cuaderno diario de pesca (figura 2) creado específicamente basan en el flujo de trabajo (figura 1).</li>
	<li>Correlacionar la señal positiva de HHMD audiovisual con la señal ósea subyacente en el cuerpo, palpando los siguientes hitos huesudos prominente - esternal, xiphisternum, sínfisis del pubis y cresta ilíaca bilateral.</li>
	<li>Grabar la señal en el esquema de referencia anatómica de la bitácora antes de proceder con el examen de rayos x.</li>
</ol>

<ol>
	<li>Lee, J., Ahmad, S., Gale, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detection+of+coins+ingested+by+children+using+a+handheld+metal+detector:+a+systematic+review.">Detection of coins ingested by children using a handheld metal detector: a systematic review.</a> Emergency Medicine Journal. 22 (12), 839-844 (2005).</li><li>Hesham A-Kader, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Foreign+body+ingestion:+children+like+to+put+objects+in+their+mouth.">Foreign body ingestion: children like to put objects in their mouth.</a> World Journal of Pediatrics. 6 (4), 301-310 (2010).</li><li>Muensterer, O. 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W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluoroscopic+foley+catheter+removal+of+esophageal+foreign+bodies+in+children:+experience+with+415+episodes.">Fluoroscopic foley catheter removal of esophageal foreign bodies in children: experience with 415 episodes.</a> Pediatrics. 94 (5), 709-714 (1994).</li><li>Kerschner, J. E., Beste, D. J., Conley, S. F., Kenna, M. A., Lee, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mediastinitis+associated+with+foreign+body+erosion+of+the+esophagus+in+children.">Mediastinitis associated with foreign body erosion of the esophagus in children.</a> International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 59 (2), 89-97 (2001).</li><li>Ahn, D., Heo, S. J., Park, J. H., Sohn, J. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tracheoesophageal+fistula+with+tracheal+stenosis+resulting+from+retained+esophageal+foreign+body.">Tracheoesophageal fistula with tracheal stenosis resulting from retained esophageal foreign body.</a> Auris Nasus Larynx. 38 (6), 753-756 (2011).</li><li>Dahiya, M., Denton, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Esophagoaortic+perforation+by+foreign+body+(coin)+causing+sudden+death+in+a+3-year-old+child.">Esophagoaortic perforation by foreign body (coin) causing sudden death in a 3-year-old child.</a> The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology. 20 (2), 184-188 (1999).</li><li>O'Brien, G. C., Winter, D. C., Kirwan, W. O., Redmond, H. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ingested+foreign+bodies+in+the+paediatric+patient.">Ingested foreign bodies in the paediatric patient.</a> Irish Journal of Medical Science. 170 (2), 100-102 (2001).</li><li>Bassett, K. E., Schunk, J. E., Logan, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Localizing+ingested+coins+with+a+metal+detector.">Localizing ingested coins with a metal detector.</a> The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 17 (4), 338-341 (1999).</li><li>Gooden, E. A., Forte, V., Papsin, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+a+commercially+available+metal+detector+for+the+localization+of+metallic+foreign+body+ingestion+in+children.">Use of a commercially available metal detector for the localization of metallic foreign body ingestion in children.</a> The Journal of Otolaryngology. 29 (4), 218-220 (2000).</li><li>Sacchetti, A., Carraccio, C., Lichenstein, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hand-held+metal+detector+identification+of+ingested+foreign+bodies.">Hand-held metal detector identification of ingested foreign bodies.</a> Pediatric Emergency Care. 10 (4), 204-207 (1994).</li><li>Hamzah, H. B., James, V., Manickam, S., Ganapathy, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Handheld+Metal+Detector+for+Metallic+Foreign+Body+Ingestion+in+Pediatric+Emergency.">Handheld Metal Detector for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Pediatric Emergency.</a> Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 85 (8), 618-624 (2018).</li><li>Doraiswamy, N. V., Baig, H., Hallam, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metal+detector+and+swallowed+metal+foreign+bodies+in+children.">Metal detector and swallowed metal foreign bodies in children.</a> Journal of Accident &amp; Emergency Medicine. 16 (2), 123-125 (1999).</li><li>Seikel, K., Primm, P. A., Elizondo, B. J., Remley, K. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Handheld+metal+detector+localization+of+ingested+metallic+foreign+bodies:+accurate+in+any+hands.">Handheld metal detector localization of ingested metallic foreign bodies: accurate in any hands.</a> Archives of Pediatrics &amp; Adolescent Medicine. 153 (8), 853-857 (1999).</li><li>Lemberg, P. S., Darrow, D. H., Holinger, L. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Aerodigestive+tract+foreign+bodies+in+the+older+child+and+adolescent.">Aerodigestive tract foreign bodies in the older child and adolescent.</a> The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology. 105 (4), 267-271 (1996).</li><li>Stack, L. B., Munter, D. 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Los autores no tienen nada que revelar.

Metálico exterior ingestión del cuerpo en los niños es un problema común y en la mayoría de los pacientes, se trata de manejar conservador7,16. Las radiografías simples o repetidas pueden exponer a la población pediátrica de radio-sensible al riesgo de radiación no deseadas al intentar localizar el cuerpo extraño metálico ingerido. Varios estudios han descrito el uso de detectores de metal en ingestión de MFB en niños, con sensibilidad de más del 96...

Ingestión de cuerpo extraño es un problema muy extendido entre los niños que acuden al servicio de urgencias pediátrico debido a la naturaleza inquisitiva natural de los bebés y los niños para explorar objetos en cata y tragarlas1,2. Estudios previos han reportado que objetos metálicos constituyen 85% de toda ingestión de cuerpo extraño en su cohorte de pacientes3,4. El objetivo de este protocolo es evaluar la exactitud y la viabilidad de utilizar un detector de metales portátil para detectar cuerpos extraños metálicos ingeridos en niños. Proponemos que al introducir el detector de metales handheld detección protocolo temprano en el proceso de triage de los niños con alta sospecha de ingestión de cuerpo extraño metálico, el número de radiografías se ordenó localizar el cuerpo extraño metálico puede ser reducido en esta población sensible a la radio.
Detector de metales handheld (HHMD) es un complemento barato y de fácil acceso que puede ayudar a agilizar la gestión de los cuerpos extraños metálicos ingeridos. Detector de metales es un dispositivo de muy baja frecuencia, que tiene un receptor y un transmisor que detecta el cambio en su campo electromagnético causado por la presencia de un objeto metálico en sus alrededores3. Si un objeto metálico dentro del campo, se interrumpe el campo electromagnético y el sensor se partió de una alarma audiovisual en el dispositivo4. El examen del detector de metales se puede realizar completamente en menos de 2 minutos5. Por lo tanto, se puede introducir la proyección HHMD temprano en el proceso de triage de los niños con alta sospecha de ingestión de cuerpo extraño metálico para la localización topográfica.
Las monedas son las más comunes cuerpos extraños metálicos ingeridos1,4,6,7. Debido a la falta de bordes afilados y naturaleza no tóxica general, la mayoría de las ingestiones de moneda se manejan conservadoramente. Otros tipos de materiales comúnmente ingeridos son imanes, pilas de botón, pequeños juguetes, cacahuetes, joyas, botones, huesos, semillas y palomitas de maíz8,9. Impactación de cuerpos extraños ocurre más comúnmente en el esófago en tres sitios, es decir, esfínter esofágico superior, mediados de-esófago a nivel del arco aórtico y del esfínter esofágico inferior10. Cuerpos extraños metálicos (MFBs) situados en el esófago pueden ser asintomáticos en el 40% de pacientes11,12 y su retención prolongada puede llevar a varias complicaciones como perforación esofágica, mediastinitis, fístula traqueoesofágica, Estenosis traqueal y fístulas aorto-esofágica1,13,14,15. Otros lugares de la impactación de cuerpos extraños incluyen Unión ileo-cecal10, píloro y duodeno.
Realizar las radiografías de cuello, pecho y abdomen para diagnosticar sospecha de ingestión de cuerpo extraño es una práctica muy extendida en los departamentos de emergencias5. Entre todos los tipos de los cuerpos extraños ingeridos, sólo el 10% son radio-opacos10. Las pruebas radiológicas son lentas y tienen un riesgo de exposición a la radiación en los niños. Localización topográfica precisa de los objetos metálicos es muy importante guiar la terapia. La introducción de HHMD temprano en el proceso de triage puede ayudar a mitigar el extraño pedido de radiografías por localizar topográficamente el cuerpo extraño metálico ingerido.
Este estudio evaluó la exactitud de los HHMD localizar MFBs de manera sistemática y topográfica y determina la eficacia y viabilidad de HHMD en la población pediátrica. También examinamos cómo esta gratuita herramienta de detección de radiación fue aceptada por los pacientes y padres. Entre mayo y julio de 2016, se incluyeron todos los pacientes consecutivos que presentaron para el servicio de urgencias pediátrico con antecedentes de ingestión de cuerpo extraño en el estudio. Se obtuvo el consentimiento informado del padre o tutor legal. Pacientes con ingestión del cuerpo extranjero alegado sistemáticamente fueron escaneados usando HHMD. El estándar de oro de la atención para la identificación y localización de cuerpos extraños metálicos ingeridos realiza radiografías de la zona cervical, tórax y abdomen. Para facilitar la realización del estudio, un flujo de trabajo estandarizado fue creado (figura 1). Un libro de registro creado específicamente basado en el flujo de trabajo se utilizó para recoger los datos iniciales, que posteriormente fueron transcritas a una hoja de cálculo (figura 2). Los datos en la sección de resultados se describe como el número de casos seguido por porcentajes.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Hand held metal detector</td><td>Garrett Super Scanner V</td><td>NA</td><td>NA</td></tr></tbody></table>

handheld metal detector screening for metallic foreign body ingestion in children

Las monedas son los cuerpos extraños metálicos ingeridos más común entre los niños. El objetivo de este protocolo es evaluar la exactitud y la viabilidad de utilizar un detector de metales portátil para detectar cuerpos extraños metálicos ingeridos en niños. Proponemos que mediante la introducción de proyección de mano detector de metales en el proceso de triage de los niños con alta sospecha de ingestión de cuerpo extraño metálico, puede reducirse el número de radiografías se ordenó localizar el cuerpo extraño metálico en este Radio-sensible a la población. El protocolo de estudio requiere la selección de los participantes para la historia de la ingestión del cuerpo extranjero y la exclusión de pacientes con dificultad respiratoria o implantes metálicos. El paciente cambia a bata de hospital y artículos que pueden contener metales como gafas, pendientes, colgantes y adornos se quitan. El paciente se coloca en el centro de la habitación de otras interferencias metálicas. El estado de trabajo del computadora de mano detector de metales primero confirma que una positiva señal audiovisual. Entonces la proyección se realiza en una posición erecta con la cabeza en extensión para exponer el cuello, desde el nivel de la barbilla al nivel de la articulación de la cadera, para cubrir las zonas anatómicas del cuello a la pelvis en forma de zig-zag tanto anterior como posterior. Una señal positiva de audiovisual se observa cuidadosamente durante la exploración para la presencia de cuerpo extraño metálico. Las radiografías pertinentes se ordenan según la zona detectada en el examen del detector de metales. El detector de metales handheld fue capaz de identificar con precisión todas las monedas entre los cuerpos extraños metálicos ingeridos en nuestro estudio. El detector de metales handheld constantemente no podía detectar cuerpos extraños metálicos no moneda. Este protocolo demuestra la exactitud de la computadora de mano detector de metales en la identificación y localización de monedas y monedas como cuerpos extraños metálicos.

Los investigadores reclutaron a 36 pacientes para este estudio observacional. Estos pacientes habían presentado para el servicio de urgencias pediátrico con antecedentes de ingestión de cuerpo extraño. Entre estos, 28 pacientes tenían ingestas de cuerpos extraños metálicos (figura 3). Los restantes 8 pacientes habían ingerido cuerpos extraños no-metálico tales como huesos de pescado, palo satay y botón de plástico. Las monedas eran el tipo más co...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children at JoVE.com

Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children

Aquí, presentamos un protocolo para utilizar el detector de metales portátil, para detectar la presencia de cuerpos extraños metálicos ingeridos en niños que presentan al Departamento de medicina de emergencia pediátrica con antecedentes de ingestión de cuerpo extraño.

Detector de metales portátil detección de ingestión de cuerpo extraño metálico en niños

Coins are the most common ingested metallic foreign bodies among children. The goal of this protocol is to assess the accuracy and feasibility of using a ...

handheld-metal-detector-screening-for-metallic-foreign-body-ingestion

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

10.6K vistas.  KK women's and Children's Hospital. Aquí, presentamos un protocolo para utilizar el detector de metales portátil, para detectar la presencia de cuerpos extraños metálicos ingeridos en niños que presentan al Departamento de medicina de emergencia pediátrica con antecedentes de ingestión de cuerpo extraño.

Video: Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children

Bacterial Detection &amp; Identification Using Electrochemical Sensors

Electrochemical sensors are widely used for rapid and accurate measurement of blood glucose and can be adapted for detection of a wide variety of analytes. Electrochemical sensors operate by transducing a biological recognition event into a useful electrical signal. Signal transduction occurs by coupling the activity of a redox enzyme to an amperometric electrode. Sensor specificity is either an inherent characteristic of the enzyme, glucose oxidase in the case of a glucose sensor, or a product of linkage between the enzyme and an antibody or probe.
Here, we describe an electrochemical sensor assay method to directly detect and identify bacteria. In every case, the probes described here are DNA oligonucleotides. This method is based on sandwich hybridization of capture and detector probes with target ribosomal RNA (rRNA). The capture probe is anchored to the sensor surface, while the detector probe is linked to horseradish peroxidase (HRP). When a substrate such as 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) is added to an electrode with capture-target-detector complexes bound to its surface, the substrate is oxidized by HRP and reduced by the working electrode. This redox cycle results in shuttling of electrons by the substrate from the electrode to HRP, producing current flow in the electrode.

Bacterial Detection & Identification Using Electrochemical Sensors

We describe an electrochemical sensor assay method for rapid bacterial detection and identification. The assay involves a sensor array functionalized with DNA oligonucleotide capture probes for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) species-specific sequences. Sandwich hybridization of target rRNA with the capture probe and a horseradish peroxidase-linked DNA oligonucleotide detector probe produces a measurable amperometric current.

Bacterial Detección e Identificación Usando sensores electroquímicos

Electrochemical  sensors are widely used for rapid and accurate measurement of blood glucose and  can be adapted for detection of a wide variety of ...

Investigación

Bioingeniería

Protocol for the Evaluation of MRI Artifacts Caused by Metal Implants to Assess the Suitability of Implants and the Vulnerability of Pulse Sequences

As the number of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners and patients with medical implants is constantly growing, radiologists increasingly encounter metallic implant-related artifacts in MRI, resulting in reduced image quality. Therefore, the MRI suitability of implants in terms of artifact volume, as well as the development of pulse sequences to reduce image artifacts, are becoming more and more important. Here, we present a comprehensive protocol which allows for a standardized evaluation of the artifact volume of implants on MRI. Furthermore, this protocol can be used to analyze the vulnerability of different pulse sequences to artifacts. The proposed protocol can be applied to T1- and T2-weighted images with or without fat-suppression and all passive implants. Furthermore, the procedure enables the separate and three-dimensional identification of signal loss and pile-up artifacts. As previous investigations differed greatly in evaluation methods, the comparability of their results was limited. Thus, standardized measurements of MRI artifact volumes are necessary to provide better comparability. This may improve the development of the MRI suitability of implants and better pulse sequences to finally improve patient care.

We describe a standardized method to evaluate magnetic resonance imaging artifacts caused by implants to estimate the suitability of the implants for magnetic resonance imaging and/or the vulnerability of different pulse sequences to metallic artifacts simultaneously.

Protocolo para la evaluación de MRI artefactos causados por el Metal de los implantes para evaluar la idoneidad de los implantes y la vulnerabilidad de secuencias de pulso

As the number of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners and patients with medical implants is constantly growing, radiologists increasingly encounter ...

Ingeniería

Making MR Imaging Child's Play - Pediatric Neuroimaging Protocol, Guidelines and Procedure

Within the last decade there has been an increase in the use of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural basis of human perception, cognition and behavior 1, 2. Moreover, this non-invasive imaging method has grown into a tool for clinicians and researchers to explore typical and atypical brain development. Although advances in neuroimaging tools and techniques are apparent, (f)MRI in young pediatric populations remains relatively infrequent 2. Practical as well as technical challenges when imaging children present clinicians and research teams with a unique set of problems 3, 2. To name just a few, the child participants are challenged by a need for motivation, alertness and cooperation. Anxiety may be an additional factor to be addressed. Researchers or clinicians need to consider time constraints, movement restriction, scanner background noise and unfamiliarity with the MR scanner environment2,4-10. A progressive use of functional and structural neuroimaging in younger age groups, however, could further add to our understanding of brain development. As an example, several research groups are currently working towards early detection of developmental disorders, potentially even before children present associated behavioral characteristics e.g.11. Various strategies and techniques have been reported as a means to ensure comfort and cooperation of young children during neuroimaging sessions. Play therapy 12, behavioral approaches 13, 14,15, 16-18 and simulation 19, the use of mock scanner areas 20,21, basic relaxation 22 and a combination of these techniques 23 have all been shown to improve the participant's compliance and thus MRI data quality. Even more importantly, these strategies have proven to increase the comfort of families and children involved 12. One of the main advances of such techniques for the clinical practice is the possibility of avoiding sedation or general anesthesia (GA) as a way to manage children's compliance during MR imaging sessions 19,20. In the current video report, we present a pediatric neuroimaging protocol with guidelines and procedures that have proven to be successful to date in young children.

Despite an increase in the use of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in humans, the study of young pediatric populations remains a challenge. We present a hands-on, step-by-step video protocol including guidelines for clinicians and researchers intending to perform (f)MRI in young children.

Hacer jugar MR Imaging Niño - Protocolo neuroimagen pediátrica, Directrices y Procedimientos

Within the last decade there has been an increase in the use of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural ...

Biología

Ferromagnetic Bare Metal Stent for Endothelial Cell Capture and Retention

Rapid endothelialization of cardiovascular stents is needed to reduce stent thrombosis and to avoid anti-platelet therapy which can reduce bleeding risk. The feasibility of using magnetic forces to capture and retain endothelial outgrowth cells (EOC) labeled with super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) has been shown previously. But this technique requires the development of a mechanically functional stent from a magnetic and biocompatible material followed by in-vitro and in-vivo testing to prove rapid endothelialization. We developed a weakly ferromagnetic stent from 2205 duplex stainless steel using computer aided design (CAD) and its design was further refined using finite element analysis (FEA). The final design of the stent exhibited a principal strain below the fracture limit of the material during mechanical crimping and expansion. One hundred stents were manufactured and a subset of them was used for mechanical testing, retained magnetic field measurements, in-vitro cell capture studies, and in-vivo implantation studies. Ten stents were tested for deployment to verify if they sustained crimping and expansion cycle without failure. Another 10 stents were magnetized using a strong neodymium magnet and their retained magnetic field was measured. The stents showed that the retained magnetism was sufficient to capture SPION-labeled EOC in our in-vitro studies. SPION-labeled EOC capture and retention was verified in large animal models by implanting 1 magnetized stent and 1 non-magnetized control stent in each of 4 pigs. The stented arteries were explanted after 7 days and analyzed histologically. The weakly magnetic stents developed in this study were capable of attracting and retaining SPION-labeled endothelial cells which can promote rapid healing.

Our goals were to design, manufacture and test ferromagnetic stents for endothelial cell capture. Ten stents were tested for fracture and 10 more stents were tested for retained magnetism. Finally, 10 stents were tested in-vitro and 8 more stents were implanted in 4 pigs to show cell capture and retention.

Ferromagnético Bare Metal stent para la captura de la célula endotelial y Retención

Rapid endothelialization of cardiovascular stents is needed to reduce stent thrombosis and to avoid anti-platelet therapy which can reduce bleeding risk. ...

Preparation and Application of a New Bacterial Biosensor for the Presumptive Detection of Gunshot Residue

MicRoboCop is a biosensor that has been designed for a unique application in forensic chemistry. MicRoboCop is a system made up of three devices that, when used together, can indicate the presence of gunshot residue (GSR) by producing a fluorescence signal in the presence of three key analytes (antimony, lead, and organic components of GSR). The protocol describes the synthesis of the biosensors using Escherichia coli (E. coli), and the analytical chemistry methods used to evaluate the selectivity and sensitivity of the sensors. The functioning of the system is demonstrated by using GSR collected from the inside of a spent cartridge casing. Once prepared, the biosensors can be stored until needed and can be used as a test for these key analytes. A positive response from all three analytes provides a presumptive positive test for GSR, while each individual device has applications for detecting the analytes in other samples (e.g., a detector for lead contamination in drinking water). The main limitation of the system is the time required for a positive signal; future work may involve studying different organisms to optimize the response time.

A protocol is presented using synthetic biology techniques to synthesize a set of bacterial biosensors for the analysis of gunshot residue, and to test the functioning of the devices for their intended use using fluorescence spectroscopy.

Preparación y aplicación de un nuevo biosensor bacteriano para la detección presuntiva de residuos de Disparos

MicRoboCop is a biosensor that has been designed for a unique application in forensic chemistry. MicRoboCop is a system made up of three devices that, ...

Química

Hellgrammite as a Non-Conventional Biomonitor for Surface Water and Environmental Health Assessment

The larvae of dobsonflies from the genus Corydalus, commonly known as Hellgrammites, are characterized by their notable size, extensive range of occurrence, and extended period of immaturity, which can last up to one year. Hellgrammites are clearly known to exhibit sensitivity to pollution and habitat structure impacts. Given these unique features, using Corydalus texanus larvae is highly suitable as reliable biomonitoring agents to assess the ecological integrity of aquatic ecosystems. This protocol aims to provide the necessary tools for C. texanus assessment and demonstrate their efficacy through a case study. Research findings have practical implications, indicating that C. texanus larvae exhibit early-warning responses to mining pollution, bioaccumulating high amounts of heavy metals such as Zn, Fe, and Al. The presence or absence of C. texanus populations may serve as a helpful indicator for identifying potential issues related to ecosystem health. The unconventional approach has shown early warnings of pollution in mining-impacted sites, highlighting the need for timely action to protect the environment. Given their unique traits, the use of C. texanus larvae is highly suggested as a reliable non-conventional bioindicator.

This protocol describes the use of biomarkers for the early detection of deleterious impacts in aquatic ecosystems. The biomarkers are closely related to sentinel traits, and their changes aid in detecting early-warning damages.

Hellgrammite como biomonitor no convencional para la evaluación de aguas superficiales y salud ambiental

The larvae of dobsonflies from the genus Corydalus, commonly known as Hellgrammites, are characterized by their notable size, extensive range of ...

Medio ambiente

Quantification of Metal Leaching in Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography

Contamination of enzymes with metals leached from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) columns poses a major concern for enzymologists, as many of the common di-and trivalent cations used in IMAC resins have an inhibitory effect on enzymes. However, the extent of metal leaching and the impact of various eluting and reducing reagents are poorly understood in large part due to the absence of simple and practical transition metal quantification protocols that use equipment typically available in biochemistry labs. To address this problem, we have developed a protocol to quickly quantify the amount of metal contamination in samples prepared using IMAC as a purification step. The method uses hydroxynaphthol blue (HNB) as a colorimetric indicator for metal cation content in a sample solution and UV-Vis spectroscopy as a means to quantify the amount of metal present, into the nanomolar range, based on the change in the HNB spectrum at 647 nm. While metal content in a solution has historically been determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy or inductively coupled plasma techniques, these methods require specialized equipment and training outside the scope of a typical biochemistry laboratory. The method proposed here provides a simple and fast way for biochemists to determine the metal content of samples using existing equipment and knowledge without sacrificing accuracy.

We present an assay for easy quantification of metals introduced to samples prepared using immobilized metal affinity chromatography. The method uses hydroxynaphthol blue as the colorimetric metal indicator and a UV-Vis spectrophotometer as the detector.

Cuantificación de la lixiviación de metal en la cromatografía de afinidad de metal inmovilizada

Contamination of enzymes with metals leached from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) columns poses a major concern for enzymologists, as ...

Magnetic Levitation Coupled with Portable Imaging and Analysis for Disease Diagnostics

Currently, many clinical diagnostic procedures are complex, costly, inefficient, and inaccessible to a large population in the world. The requirements for specialized equipment and trained personnel require that many diagnostic tests be performed at remote, centralized clinical laboratories. Magnetic levitation is a simple yet powerful technique and can be applied to levitate cells, which are suspended in a paramagnetic solution and placed in a magnetic field, at a position determined by equilibrium between a magnetic force and a buoyancy force. Here, we present a versatile platform technology designed for point-of-care diagnostics which uses magnetic levitation coupled to microscopic imaging and automated analysis to determine the density distribution of a patient's cells as a useful diagnostic indicator. We present two platforms operating on this principle: (i) a smartphone-compatible version of the technology, where the built-in smartphone camera is used to image cells in the magnetic field and a smartphone application processes the images and to measures the density distribution of the cells and (ii) a self-contained version where a camera board is used to capture images and an embedded processing unit with attached thin-film-transistor (TFT) screen measures and displays the results. Demonstrated applications include: (i) measuring the altered distribution of a cell population with a disease phenotype compared to a healthy phenotype, which is applied to sickle cell disease diagnosis, and (ii) separation of different cell types based on their characteristic densities, which is applied to separate white blood cells from red blood cells for white blood cell cytometry. These applications, as well as future extensions of the essential density-based measurements enabled by this portable, user-friendly platform technology, will significantly enhance disease diagnostic capabilities at the point of care.

We present a magnetic levitation technique coupled with automated imaging and analysis in both a smartphone-compatible device and a device with embedded imaging and processing. This is applied to measure the density distribution of cells with two demonstrated biomedical applications: sickle cell disease diagnosis and separating white and red blood cells.

Levitación magnética Junto con Imaging portátil y Análisis para el diagnóstico de enfermedades

Currently, many clinical diagnostic procedures are complex, costly, inefficient, and inaccessible to a large population in the world. The requirements for ...

Magnetic Stirrer Method for the Detection of Trichinella Larvae in Muscle Samples

Trichinellosis is a debilitating disease in humans and is caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked meat of animals infected with the nematode larvae of the genus Trichinella. The most important sources of human infections worldwide are game meat and pork or pork products. In many countries, the prevention of human trichinellosis is based on the identification of infected animals by means of the artificial digestion of muscle samples from susceptible animal carcasses.
There are several methods based on the digestion of meat but the magnetic stirrer method is considered the gold standard. This method allows the detection of Trichinella larvae by microscopy after the enzymatic digestion of muscle samples and subsequent filtration and sedimentation steps. Although this method does not require special and expensive equipment, internal controls cannot be used. Therefore, stringent quality management should be applied throughout the test. The aim of the present work is to provide detailed handling instructions and critical control points of the method to analysts, based on the experience of the European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites and the National Reference Laboratory of Germany for Trichinella.

Magnetic Stirrer Method for the Detection of Trichinella Larvae in Muscle Samples

The prevention of human trichinellosis in many countries worldwide is based on the laboratory examination of muscle samples from susceptible animals by methods of digestion, of which the magnetic stirrer method is considered the gold standard.

Método del agitador magnético para la detección de<em&gt; Trichinella</em&gt; Las larvas en muestras de músculo

Trichinellosis is a debilitating disease in humans and is caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked meat of animals infected with the nematode ...

Inmunología e Infección

Foodborne Pathogen Screening Using Magneto-fluorescent Nanosensor: Rapid Detection of E. Coli O157:H7

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 has been linked to both waterborne and foodborne illnesses, and remains a threat despite the food- and water-screening methods used currently. While conventional bacterial detection methods, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) can specifically detect pathogenic contaminants, they require extensive sample preparation and lengthy waiting periods. In addition, these practices demand sophisticated laboratory instruments and settings, and must be executed by trained professionals. Herein, a protocol is proposed for a simpler diagnostic technique that features the unique combination of magnetic and fluorescent parameters in a nanoparticle-based platform. The proposed multiparametric magneto-fluorescent nanosensors (MFnS) can detect E. coli O157:H7 contamination with as little as 1 colony-forming unit present in solution within less than 1 h. Furthermore, the ability of MFnS to remain highly functional in complex media such as milk and lake water has been verified. Additional specificity assays were also used to demonstrate the ability of MFnS to only detect the specific target bacteria, even in the presence of similar bacterial species. The pairing of magnetic and fluorescent modalities allows for the detection and quantification of pathogen contamination in a wide range of concentrations, exhibiting its high performance in both early- and late-stage contamination detection. The effectiveness, affordability, and portability of the MFnS make them an ideal candidate for point-of-care screening for bacterial contaminants in a wide range of settings, from aquatic reservoirs to commercially packaged foods.

Foodborne Pathogen Screening Using Magneto-fluorescent Nanosensor: Rapid Detection of E. Coli O157:H7

The overall goal of this protocol is to synthesize functional nanosensors for the portable, cost-effective, and rapid detection of specifically targeted pathogenic bacteria through a combination of magnetic relaxation and fluorescence emission modalities.

Detector de metales portátil detección de ingestión de cuerpo extraño metálico en niños

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