Name: management of the uncinate process in no-touch laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy
Uploaded: 2023-05-05T12:20:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Management of the Uncinate Process in No-Touch Laparoscopic Pancreaticoduodenectomy at JoVE.com

Our article #64904 was supported by the Research project of Traditional Chinese Medicine Bureau of Guangdong Province (ID:20222077).

This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, and informed written consent was obtained from the patients involved in this study.
1. Preoperative work-up
<ol>
	<li>Perform the high-resolution contrast-enhanced CT12,13 (see Table of Materials) to assess the tumor&#39;s extent and search for any abnormal vasculature.</li>
...

<ol>
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W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+high+circulating+tumor+cell+count+in+portal+vein+predicts+liver+metastasis+from+periampullary+or+pancreatic+cancer:+A+high+portal+venous+CTC+count+predicts+liver+metastases.">A high circulating tumor cell count in portal vein predicts liver metastasis from periampullary or pancreatic cancer: A high portal venous CTC count predicts liver metastases.</a> Medicine. 95 (16), 3407 (2016).</li><li>Hirota, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pancreatectomy+using+the+no-touch+isolation+technique+followed+by+extensive+intraoperative+peritoneal+lavage+to+prevent+cancer+cell+dissemination:+A+pilot+study.">Pancreatectomy using the no-touch isolation technique followed by extensive intraoperative peritoneal lavage to prevent cancer cell dissemination: A pilot study.</a> Journal of the Pancreas. 6 (2), 143-151 (2005).</li><li>Shen, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopic+pancreatoduodenectomy+for+pancreatic+cancer+using+in-situ+no-touch+isolation+technique.">Laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer using in-situ no-touch isolation technique.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (180), e63450 (2022).</li><li>Tan, Z. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clinical+experience+of+laparoscopic+pancreatoduodenectomy+via+orthotopic+resection.">Clinical experience of laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy via orthotopic resection.</a> Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 58 (10), 782-786 (2020).</li><li>Nagakawa, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surgical+approaches+to+the+superior+mesenteric+artery+during+minimally+invasive+pancreaticoduodenectomy:+A+systematic+review.">Surgical approaches to the superior mesenteric artery during minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy: A systematic review.</a> Journal of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Sciences. 29 (1), 114-123 (2022).</li><li>Hermanek, P., Wittekind, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Residual+tumor+(R)+classification+and+prognosis.">Residual tumor (R) classification and prognosis.</a> Seminars in Surgical Oncology. 10 (1), 12-20 (1994).</li><li>Chu, A. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dual-source+dual-energy+multidetector+CT+for+the+evaluation+of+pancreatic+tumours.">Dual-source dual-energy multidetector CT for the evaluation of pancreatic tumours.</a> The British Journal of Radiology. 85 (1018), 891-898 (2012).</li><li>Mao, G. -. Q., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+application+value+of+spectral+imaging+in+diagnosis+of+pancreatic+adenocarcinoma+by+dual+source+CT.">The application value of spectral imaging in diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma by dual source CT.</a> Journal of Medical Imaging. 26 (07), 1243-1246 (2016).</li><li>Higgs, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Guidelines+for+the+management+of+tracheal+intubation+in+critically+ill+adults.">Guidelines for the management of tracheal intubation in critically ill adults.</a> British Journal of Anaesthesia. 120 (2), 323-352 (2018).</li><li>Schultz, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+Narcotrend+Index,+Bispectral+Index,+spectral+and+entropy+parameters+during+induction+of+propofol-remifentanil+anaesthesia.">Comparison of Narcotrend Index, Bispectral Index, spectral and entropy parameters during induction of propofol-remifentanil anaesthesia.</a> Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing. 22 (2), 103-111 (2008).</li><li>Cole, W. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Problems+in+operability.">Problems in operability.</a> The Ulster Medical Journal. 23 (2), 102-116 (1954).</li><li>Liu, K. J., Zhao, X. X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Application+of+tumor-free+technique+in+laparoscopic+surgery+for+malignant+tumors.">Application of tumor-free technique in laparoscopic surgery for malignant tumors.</a> Chinese Journal of Laparoscopic Surgery. 11 (01), 17-19 (2018).</li><li>Osada, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reconstruction+method+after+pancreaticoduodenectomy.+Idea+to+prevent+serious+complications.">Reconstruction method after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Idea to prevent serious complications.</a> Journal of the Pancreas. 13 (1), 1-6 (2012).</li><li>Li, M. Q. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clinical+practice+guidelines+for+the+interventional+treatment+of+advanced+pancreatic+carcinoma+(on+trial)+(6th+edition).">Clinical practice guidelines for the interventional treatment of advanced pancreatic carcinoma (on trial) (6th edition).</a> Journal of Clinical Hepatology. 38 (06), 1242-1251 (2022).</li><li>Sugiyama, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vascular+anatomy+of+mesopancreas+in+pancreatoduodenectomy+using+an+intestinal+derotation+procedure.">Vascular anatomy of mesopancreas in pancreatoduodenectomy using an intestinal derotation procedure.</a> World Journal of Surgery. 44 (10), 3441-3448 (2020).</li><li>Zhu, C. -. 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With intestinal rotation, the ventral pancreas flips to the dorsal side and unites with the dorsal pancreas throughout the development of the human embryo, and the ventral pancreas also grows into the lower portion of the pancreatic head and the uncinate process1. The pancreatic uncinate process is described as the protrusion from the bottom left of the pancreatic head that is situated behind the SMA and the SMV1. 
In the meantime, the mesopancre...

The pancreatic uncinate process is the protrusion from the bottom left of the pancreatic head that is situated behind the SMA and superior mesenteric vein (SMV)1. The management of the uncinate process is a challenging area in pancreatic surgery due to its deep anatomy and challenging exposure; therefore, especially for pancreatic cancer located in the uncinate process, surgery is prone to result in a positive surgical margin, incomplete lymph node dissection, and poor prognosis2. Therefore, improved surgical techniques and strategies are urgently required.
Most resection procedures of the pancreatic head and uncinate process are performed along the right side of the SMV and SMA3. Although this approach largely works for ampullary tumors, it has drawbacks for pancreatic head cancer, particularly for large tumors in the uncinate process2. During the procedure, it is frequently required to spin and pull the SMV and SMA in order to expose them. The IPDA cannot be dissected clearly with such approaches, which usually results in bleeding or insufficient cleaning of the area. In this work, the authors describe an approach that can support the early control of the IPDA, which results in better bleeding control, less blood loss, and better dissection of the uncinate process.
Meanwhile, conventional laparotomy or laparoscopy pancreatoduodenectomy requires a Kocher maneuver for the wide mobilization of the duodenum and pancreatic head4. However, with this maneuver, the tumor cells have the potential capacity to metastasize via the portal vein (PV), as the surgeon might squeeze the tumor while holding it during surgery4,5,6. The no-touch isolation technique is one of the popular concepts in pancreatoduodenectomy. Although it has not been proven by large clinical trials whether this surgical intervention could enhance the cancer-related prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients, the study of Hirota et al.7 reported the significance of no-touch technology in preventing cancer cell metastasis by using molecular markers (CEA mRNA) to detect cancer cells in the portal vein blood. In their study, the no-touch technique group had a lower spread rate of portal vein cancer cells and a higher 3 year survival rate than the conventional technique group. No-touch LPD has been reported by the team of the current authors previously as an ideal oncological operation process fitting the &#34;tumor-free&#34; principle8,9.
This article presents the management of the uncinate process in no-touch LPD. The median-anterior and left-posterior approaches to the SMA were performed to deal precisely with the IPDA. To achieve the no-touch isolation technique in LPD, the blood supply to the duodenum and pancreatic heads must be cut off at the very early stage of the operation, after which the tumor can be isolated intact, resected in situ, and finally, removed en bloc.
The purpose and advantages of this strategy are to ensure the safe and complete excision of the uncinate process and mesopancreas based on a multi-angle arterial approach10. This article aims to explore the efficacy and safety of this technique for the management of the uncinate process in no-touch LPD, which might improve the R0 resection rate11.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>3D Laparoscope</td>
			<td>STORZ</td>
			<td>TC200,TC302</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cisatracurium Besylate Injection</td>
			<td>Hengrui Pharma</td>
			<td>H20183042</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dual-source dual-energy&#160; CT</td>
			<td>SOMATOM</td>
			<td>Definition FLASH</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Echelon Flex Powered Plus Articulating Endoscopic Linear Cutter and Endopath Echelon Endoscopic Linear Cutter Reloads with Gripping Surface Technology</td>
			<td>Ethicon Endo-Surgery</td>
			<td>ECR60G/GST60G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ENDOPATH XCEL Trocars</td>
			<td>Johnson &#38; Johnson</td>
			<td>CB5LT/CB12LT</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HARMONIC ACE Ultrasonic Surgical Devices</td>
			<td>Ethicon Endo-Surgery</td>
			<td>HAR36</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laparoscopic bulldog clamps</td>
			<td>Aesculap</td>
			<td>FB367R,FB369R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ligating Clips</td>
			<td>Teleflex Medical</td>
			<td>5,44,22,05,44,23,05,44,000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nacrotrend anaesthesia monitoring system&#160;</td>
			<td>Monitor Technik,Bad Bramsted</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PROLENE Polypropylene Nonabsorbable Suture/5/0</td>
			<td>Johnson &#38; Johnson</td>
			<td>W8556</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Propofol Injectable Emulsion</td>
			<td>Aspen Pharma Trading Limited</td>
			<td>H20171275</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Remifentanil Hydrochloride for injection</td>
			<td>Humanwell Healthcare</td>
			<td>H20030197</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sevoflurane for Inhalation</td>
			<td>Hengrui Pharma</td>
			<td>H20070172</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sufentanil Citrate Injecton</td>
			<td>Humanwell Healthcare</td>
			<td>H20054171</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trocars</td>
			<td>AOFO</td>
			<td>FQ-D1/5.5mm 10.5mm</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultrasonic Surgical &#38; Electrosurgical Generator</td>
			<td>Ethicon Endo-Surgery</td>
			<td>GEN11CN</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

management of the uncinate process in no-touch laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy

Laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) is a demanding abdominal operation that necessitates meticulous surgical skills and teamwork. The management of the pancreatic uncinate process is one of the most important and difficult processes in LPD because of its deep anatomical location and difficult exposure. Complete resection of the uncinate process and mesopancreas has become the cornerstone of LPD. In particular, it is even more difficult to avoid positive surgical margins and incomplete lymph node dissection when the tumor is located in the uncinate process. No-touch LPD, which is an ideal oncological operation process fitting the "tumor-free" principle, has been reported by our group previously. This article introduces the management of the uncinate process in no-touch LPD. Based on the multi-angle arterial approach, in this protocol, the median-anterior and left-posterior approaches to the SMA are used to correctly deal with the important vascular structure, the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (IPDA), in order to ensure the safe and complete excision of the uncinate process and mesopancreas. For the achievement of the no-touch isolation technique in LPD, the pancreatic head and the blood supply to the duodenal region must be severed at the very early stage of the operation; after that, the tumor can be isolated intact, resection can be performed in situ, and finally, the tissue can be removed en bloc. This paper aims to show the distinctive ways to manage the uncinate process in no-touch LPD and investigate the viability and safety of this approach. Moreover, the technique may increase the R0 resection rate.

A male patient aged 59 years old with symptoms including upper abdominal pain and jaundice was hospitalized in our department. He had no previous medical history and a relatively moderate normal body mass index (23.94 kg/m2). A contrast-enhanced CT scan was performed, and a tumor with a diameter of approximately 5.5 cm x 4.6 cm x 6.3 cm was found at the head and uncinate process of the pancreas (Figure 10). No evidence of distant metastasis was found, and percutaneous transhepatic cholangica...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Management of the Uncinate Process in No-Touch Laparoscopic Pancreaticoduodenectomy at JoVE.com

Management of the Uncinate Process in No-Touch Laparoscopic Pancreaticoduodenectomy

Complete resection of the uncinate process and mesopancreas is one of the most important and difficult processes in laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD). This article presents a method for managing the uncinate process in no-touch LPD using the median-anterior and left-posterior approaches to the superior mesenteric artery (SMA).

Laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) is a demanding abdominal operation that necessitates meticulous surgical skills and teamwork. The management of ...

It is very challenging to avoid positive surgical margins and incomplete lymph node dissection when a tumor is located in the uncinate process. This study introduces the management of the uncinate process in no-touch laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy. The advantages of this strategy are to ensure the safe and complete excision of the uncinate process and mesopancreas based on a multi-angle arterial approach.This technique possibly will improve the R-zero resection rate. To begin the surgical procedure, examine the peritoneal surfaces and intraperitoneal organs for potential extrapancreatic metastasis. Gain better exposure by removing the greater omentum.Then sever the gastrocolic ligament to open the lesser sac. Using an ultrasonic knife, dissect the gallbladder triangle. Resect and sever the gallbladder artery and cystic duct.Then remove the gallbladder and suspend the liver. To expose the hepatoduodenal ligament and hilum. Inspect the gap between the pancreatic neck and the superior mesenteric vein to assess the possibility of surgical resection.Suspend the transverse colon and its mesentery on the cephalic side to establish adequate exposure. Using the ileocolonic artery as the marker, open the transverse mesocolon, protecting the ileocolonic and middle colonic artery. Expose the second and third segments of the duodenum.Then, dissect along the right side of the superior mesenteric vein and separate the second and third segments of the duodenum from the transverse mesocolon. Expose the main trunk of the superior mesenteric vein and the proximal dorsal jejunal vein between the superior mesenteric vein and the superior mesenteric artery. Then, dissect the ligated inferior pancreaticoduodenal vein.To perform the median anterior approach to the superior mesenteric artery, pull the superior mesenteric vein to the right and widen the operation field. Expose the superior mesenteric artery pulsation to determine its trajectory. Expose the right half of the superior mesenteric artery.Then, dissect outside the arterial sheath of the superior mesenteric artery on the anterior right margin to separate it from the pancreatic mesopancreas. Next, expose the main branches of the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery or jejunal artery along the right side of the superior mesenteric artery. To perform the left posterior approach.Place the small bowel on the right side to create space between the fourth segment of the duodenum and the inferior vena cava. Then, dissect the fusion fascia to expose the left renal vein and establish the posterior space for the superior mesenteric artery. Using an ultrasonic scalpel, carefully dissect the ligament of Treitz between the beginning part of the jejunum and the mesentery of the transverse colon.Then, use a stapler to divide the proximal jejunum. Next, place an FR8 catheter to suspend the dorsal sides of the superior mesenteric artery and the superior mesenteric vein. Pull the catheter to the upper right side to create an adequate exposure space at the left posterior aspect of the superior mesenteric artery.This facilitates the artery dissection on its periadventitial plane on the anterior left border, and its detachment from the mesopancreas. Trace the superior mesenteric artery to the root along the first jejunal artery. Dissect the superior mesenteric artery on its periadventitial plane on the anterior left margin to separate it from the pancreatic mesopancreas.Then, circumferentially dissect the superior mesenteric artery. Dissect the ligated inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery. If the first jejunal artery is involved in the tumor, sacrifice it.Separate the superior mesenteric artery and superior mesenteric vein from the uncinate process and mesopancreas completely. To return to the superior colon region, draw the proximal jejunum from the dorsal of the superior mesenteric artery to the right. Using an ultrasonic knife, reveal the right gastrointestinal vein, the collateral right colonic vein, and the superior mesenteric vein trunk.Next, expose Henle's gastrocolic trunk vein to disconnect its distal and proximal ends on the right side of the superior mesenteric vein trunk. Then, using a stapler device, divide the stomach three to five centimeters away from the pylorus. Expose the common hepatic artery at the superior margin of the pancreatic neck.Dissect along the common hepatic artery towards the first hepatic hilum to reveal the proper hepatic artery and the right gastric artery. Then, sever the ligated right gastric artery. Using laparoscopic bulldog clamps, temporarily occlude the separated common bile duct.Then, dissect the hepatoduodenal ligament. Execute a lymphadenectomy along the common hepatic artery, portal vein, and proper hepatic artery. Finally, dissect the ligated right gastric artery.Next, locate the gastroduodenal artery at the junction of the proper hepatic artery and the common hepatic artery. Carefully tie the gastroduodenal artery with a 5-0 suture or ligation to reduce the risk of erosion or hemorrhage. Explore the tunnel between the pancreatic neck and the superior mesenteric vein.Dissect the ligated dorsal pancreatic artery. Place two FR14 catheters to block the pancreatic neck blood supply to reduce bleeding. Using scissors, dissect the parenchyma of the pancreatic neck.Suture the bleeding point of the resection surface with 5-0 sutures. After ligating and dissecting the left first branch of the superior mesenteric vein, suspend the splenic vein to establish exposure. Dissect the ligated uncinate process artery behind the splenic vein.Then, identify and retain the alternative right hepatic artery originating from the superior mesenteric artery from the uncinate process artery. Finally, dissect the branches of the ligated portal vein. Using the Kocher maneuver, cut off the lymphatics and dissect the duodenum from the retroperitoneum.Resect the tumor in situ and remove it en bloc following the oncologic principles of no-touch. Use the Childs method to reconstruct the digestive tract. Perform a single layer running suture hepaticojejunostomy from end to side using 4-0 absorbable sutures.Then, use an internal stent to perform a duct-to-mucosal, end-to-side pancreaticojejunostomy A contrast-enhanced CT scan performed on a patient showed a tumor at the head and the uncinate process of the pancreas Histopathology results confirmed a pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with focal moderately differentiated invasive adenocarcinoma. It is important to remember that the blood supply to the pancreatic head and duodenal region must be severed very early in the procedure. After that, the tumor can be isolated intact and resection can be performed in situ.

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