JoVE Logo

Sign In

11.9 : משוואת קלאוזיוס- קלפרון

The equilibrium between a liquid and its vapor depends on the temperature of the system; a rise in temperature causes a corresponding rise in the vapor pressure of its liquid. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation gives the quantitative relation between a substance’s vapor pressure (P) and its temperature (T); it predicts the rate at which vapor pressure increases per unit increase in temperature.

Eq1

where ΔHvap is the enthalpy of vaporization for the liquid, R is the gas constant, and A is a constant whose value depends on the chemical identity of the substance. Temperature (T) must be in kelvin in this equation. However, since the relationship between vapor pressure and temperature is not linear, the equation is often rearranged into logarithmic form to yield the linear equation:

Eq2

For any liquid, if the enthalpy of vaporization and vapor pressure at a particular temperature is known, the Clausius-Clapeyron equation allows to determine the liquid’s vapor pressure at a different temperature. To do this, the linear equation may be expressed in a two-point format. If at temperature T1, the vapor pressure is P1, and at temperature T2, the vapor pressure is P2, the corresponding linear equations are:

Eq3

Since the constant, A, is the same, these two equations may be rearranged to isolate ln A and then set them equal to one another:

Eq4

which can be combined into:

Eq5

This text is adapted from Openstax, Chemistry 2e, Section 10.3: Phase Transitions.

Tags

Clausius Clapeyron EquationVapor PressureTemperature DependenceExponential CurveNatural LogStraight LineIdeal Gas ConstantMolar Heat Of VaporizationEquilibrium Vapor PressuresExperimental MeasurementsReciprocal TemperatureEthanol Vapor PressureSlope Of The LineJoules Per MoleTwo point Form

From Chapter 11:

article

Now Playing

11.9 : משוואת קלאוזיוס- קלפרון

Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces

55.4K Views

article

11.1 : השוואה מולקולרית של גזים, נוזלים ומוצקים

Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces

40.3K Views

article

11.2 : כוחות בין מולקולריים לעומת תוך מולקולריים

Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces

85.4K Views

article

11.3 : כוחות בין מולקולריים

Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces

56.7K Views

article

11.4 : השוואת כוחות בין מולקולריים: נקודת התכה, נקודת רתיחה ומסיסות

Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces

43.6K Views

article

11.5 : מתח פנים, פעילות קפילרית וצמיגות

Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces

27.4K Views

article

11.6 : מעברי פאזה

Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces

18.7K Views

article

11.7 : מעברי פאזה: אידוי ועיביוי

Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces

17.1K Views

article

11.8 : לחץ אדים

Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces

34.1K Views

article

11.10 : מעברי פאזה: התכה וקיפאון

Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces

12.2K Views

article

11.11 : מעברי פאזה: המראה וריבוץ

Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces

16.6K Views

article

11.12 : עקומות חימום וקירור

Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces

22.3K Views

article

11.13 : דיאגרמת פאזות

Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces

39.2K Views

article

11.14 : מבנים של מוצקים

Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces

13.6K Views

article

11.15 : מוצקים מולקולריים ויוניים

Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces

16.6K Views

See More

JoVE Logo

Privacy

Terms of Use

Policies

Research

Education

ABOUT JoVE

Copyright © 2025 MyJoVE Corporation. All rights reserved