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Grand Valley State University

6 ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN JoVE

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Environment

Laboratory Estimation of Net Trophic Transfer Efficiencies of PCB Congeners to Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from Its Prey
Charles P. Madenjian 1, Richard R. Rediske 2, James P. O'Keefe 2, Solomon R. David 3
1Great Lakes Science Center, U. S. Geological Survey, 2Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, 3Daniel P. Haerther Center for Conservation and Research, Shedd Aquarium

A technique for laboratory estimation of net trophic transfer efficiency of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners to piscivorous fish from their prey is presented. To maximize applicability of the laboratory results to the field, the piscivorous fish should be fed prey fish that are typically eaten in the field.

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Environment

Laboratory-determined Phosphorus Flux from Lake Sediments as a Measure of Internal Phosphorus Loading
Mary E. Ogdahl 1, Alan D. Steinman 1, Maggie E. Weinert 1
1Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University

Lake eutrophication is a water quality issue worldwide, making the need to identify and control nutrient sources critical. Laboratory determination of phosphorus release rates from sediment cores is a valuable approach for determining the role of internal phosphorus loading and guiding management decisions.

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Medicine

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease
Bruce M. Damon 1,2,3,4, Ke Li 1,2, Richard D. Dortch 1,2, E. Brian Welch 1,2, Jane H. Park 1,2,4, Amanda K. W. Buck 1,2, Theodore F. Towse 1,2,5, Mark D. Does 1,2,3, Daniel F. Gochberg 1,2,6, Nathan D. Bryant 1,2
1Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, 2Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 4Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 5Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University, 6Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University

Neuromuscular diseases often exhibit a temporally varying, spatially heterogeneous, and multi-faceted pathology. The goal of this protocol is to characterize this pathology using non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging methods.

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Medicine

Human Brown Adipose Tissue Depots Automatically Segmented by Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Registered Magnetic Resonance Images
Aliya Gifford 1, Theodore F. Towse 2, Ronald C. Walker 3, Malcolm J. Avison 4, E. Brian Welch 3
1Chemical and Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, 2Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 3Radiology & Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 4Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University

The method presented here uses 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET-CT) and fat-water separated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), each scanned following 2 hr exposure to thermoneutral (24 °C) and cold conditions (17 °C) in order to map brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult human subjects.

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Medicine

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation
Cynthia A. Gossman 1, David M. Linn 2, Cindy Linn 1
1Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, 2Department of Biomedical Sciences, Grand Valley State University

Glaucoma is characterized by damage to retinal ganglion cells. Inducing glaucoma in animal models can provide insight into the study of this disease. Here, we outline a procedure that induces loss of RGCs in an in vivo rat model and demonstrates the preparation of whole-mount retinas for analysis.

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Medicine

Fat-Water Phantoms for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Validation: A Flexible and Scalable Protocol
Emily C. Bush 1, Aliya Gifford 2, Crystal L. Coolbaugh 1, Theodore F. Towse 1,3,4, Bruce M. Damon 1,5,6,7, E. Brian Welch 1,5
1Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 3Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 4Department of Biomedical Sciences, Grand Valley State University, 5Department of Radiology & Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 6Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 7Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University

The purpose of this work is to describe a protocol for creating a practical fat-water phantom that can be customized to produce phantoms with varying fat percentages and volumes.

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