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University of Michigan School of Dentistry

8 ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN JoVE

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Neuroscience

Electrode Positioning and Montage in Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
Alexandre F. DaSilva 1, Magdalena Sarah Volz 2,3, Marom Bikson 4, Felipe Fregni 2
1Headache & Orofacial Pain Effort (H.O.P.E.), Biologic & Material Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan , 2Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 3Charité, University Medicine Berlin, 4Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an established technique to modulate cortical excitability1,2. It has been used as an investigative tool in neuroscience due to its effects on cortical plasticity, easy operation, and safe profile. One area that tDCS has been showing encouraging results is pain alleviation 3-5.

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Biology

Isolation and Primary Culture of Rat Hepatic Cells
Ling Shen 1, Allix Hillebrand 2, David Q.-H. Wang 3, Min Liu 1
1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 2American University in Washington, D.C., 3Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine

Primary hepatocytes provide a valuable tool to evaluate biochemical, molecular, and metabolic functions in a physiologically relevant experimental system. We describe a reliable protocol for rat in situ liver perfusion, which consistently generates viable hepatocytes up to 1.0 × 108 cells per preparation with cell viability between 88 ~ 96%.

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Biology

Isometric and Eccentric Force Generation Assessment of Skeletal Muscles Isolated from Murine Models of Muscular Dystrophies
Catherine Moorwood 1, Min Liu 2, Zuozhen Tian 2, Elisabeth R. Barton 3
1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 2Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania

Muscle function measurements contribute to the evaluation of potential therapeutics for muscle pathology, as well as to the determination of mechanisms underlying physiology of this tissue. We will demonstrate the preparation of the extensor digitorum longus and diaphragm muscles for functional testing. Protocols for isometric and eccentric contractions will be shown, as well as differences in results between dystrophic muscles, representing a pathological state, and wildtype muscles.

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Medicine

Technique and Considerations in the Use of 4x1 Ring High-definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (HD-tDCS)
Mauricio F. Villamar 1,2, Magdalena Sarah Volz 1,3, Marom Bikson 4, Abhishek Datta 1,4, Alexandre F. DaSilva *5, Felipe Fregni *1
1Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 2School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, 3Charité University Medicine Berlin, 4The City College of The City University of New York, 5Headache & Orofacial Pain Effort (H.O.P.E.), Biologic & Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan

High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS), with its 4x1-ring montage, is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that combines both the neuromodulatory effects of conventional tDCS with increased focality. This article provides a systematic demonstration of the use of 4x1 HD-tDCS, and the considerations needed for safe and effective stimulation.

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Medicine

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
Alexandre F. DaSilva *1,2,3, Thiago D. Nascimento *1, Tiffany Love *3, Marcos F. DosSantos 1, Ilkka K. Martikainen 1,3, Chelsea M. Cummiford 3, Misty DeBoer 1, Sarah R. Lucas 1, MaryCatherine A. Bender 1, Robert A. Koeppe 4, Theodore Hall 5, Sean Petty 5, Eric Maslowski 5, Yolanda R. Smith 6, Jon-Kar Zubieta 3
1Headache & Orofacial Pain Effort (H.O.P.E.), Biological & Materials Sciences Department, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 2Michigan Center for Oral Health Research (MCOHR), University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 3Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, 4PET Physics Section, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Radiology Department, University of Michigan, 53DLab, University of Michigan, 6Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan

In this study, the authors report for the first time a novel 3D-Immersive & Interactive Neuronavigation (3D-IIN) through the impact of a spontaneous migraine headache attack in the μ-opioid system of a patient's brain in vivo.

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Medicine

Direct Mouse Trauma/Burn Model of Heterotopic Ossification
Jonathan R. Peterson 1, Shailesh Agarwal 1, R. Cameron Brownley 1, Shawn J. Loder 1, Kavitha Ranganathan 1, Paul S. Cederna 1, Yuji Mishina 2, Stewart C. Wang 1, Benjamin Levi 1
1Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 2Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry

An Achilles tenotomy and burn injury model of heterotopic ossification allows for the reliable study of trauma induced ectopic bone formation without the application of exogenous factors.

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Developmental Biology

Tissue Preparation and Immunostaining of Mouse Craniofacial Tissues and Undecalcified Bone
Jingwen Yang *1,2, Haichun Pan *2, Yuji Mishina 2
1The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 2Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan

Here, we present a detailed protocol to detect and quantify protein levels during craniofacial morphogenesis/pathogenesis by immunostaining using mouse craniofacial tissues as examples. In addition, we describe a method for preparation and cryosectioning of undecalcified hard tissues from young mice for immunostaining.

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Medicine

The Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane In Vivo Model to Assess Perineural Invasion in Head and Neck Cancer
Ligia B. Schmitd 1, Min Liu 1, Christina S. Scanlon 1, Rajat Banerjee 1, Nisha J. D’Silva 1,2
1Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 2Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School

Perineural invasion is an aggressive phenotype for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas and other tumors. The chick chorioallantoic membrane model has been used for studying angiogenesis, cancer invasion, and metastasis. Here we demonstrate how this model can be utilized to assess perineural invasion in vivo.

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