Name: single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy model in mice
Uploaded: 2023-02-10T14:05:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Single-Anastomosis Duodeno-Ileal Bypass with Sleeve Gastrectomy Model in Mice at JoVE.com

We thank Ethicon (Johnson and Johnson surgical technologies) for kindly providing the suture cord and surgical clips. This work was supported by grants from the NExT Talent Project, Universit&#233; de Nantes, CHU de Nantes.

This protocol has been approved by the local French ethical committee for animal experimentation (Comit&#233; d&#39;&#233;thique en exp&#233;rimentation animale; reference CEEA-PdL n 06).
1. Pre-operative preparation
<ol>
	<li>Add gel diet food to the normal diet 3 days before the surgery. Fast the mice 6 h before the surgery.</li>
	<li>Induce anesthesia with 5% isoflurane (1 L/min) in a dedicated chamber with oxygen (1 L/min). Inject the mice subcutaneously with buprenorphi...

<ol>
	<li>Flegal, K. M., Carroll, M. D., Kit, B. K., Ogden, C. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prevalence+of+obesity+and+trends+in+the+distribution+of+body+mass+index+among+US+adults,+1999-2010.">Prevalence of obesity and trends in the distribution of body mass index among US adults, 1999-2010.</a> JAMA. 307 (5), 491-497 (2012).</li><li>Sj&#246;str&#246;m, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Association+of+bariatric+surgery+with+long-term+remission+of+type+2+diabetes+and+with+microvascular+and+macrovascular+complications.">Association of bariatric surgery with long-term remission of type 2 diabetes and with microvascular and macrovascular complications.</a> JAMA. 311 (22), 2297-2304 (2014).</li><li>Dyson, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hepatocellular+cancer:+the+impact+of+obesity,+type+2+diabetes+and+a+multidisciplinary+team.">Hepatocellular cancer: the impact of obesity, type 2 diabetes and a multidisciplinary team.</a> Journal of Hepatology. 60 (1), 110-117 (2014).</li><li>S&#225;nchez-Pernaute, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Proximal+duodenal-ileal+end-to-side+bypass+with+sleeve+gastrectomy:+proposed+technique.">Proximal duodenal-ileal end-to-side bypass with sleeve gastrectomy: proposed technique.</a> Obesity Surgery. 17 (12), 1614-1618 (2007).</li><li>Himpens, J., Verbrugghe, A., Cadi&#232;re, G. B., Everaerts, W., Greve, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+results+of+laparoscopic+Roux-en-Y+Gastric+bypass:+evaluation+after+9+years.">Long-term results of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric bypass: evaluation after 9 years.</a> Obesity Surgery. 22 (10), 1586-1593 (2012).</li><li>S&#225;nchez-Pernaute, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+results+of+single-anastomosis+duodeno-ileal+bypass+with+sleeve+gastrectomy+(SADI-S).">Long-term results of single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S).</a> Obesity Surgery. 32 (3), 682-689 (2022).</li><li>Shoar, S., Poliakin, L., Rubenstein, R., Saber, A. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single+anastomosis+duodeno-ileal+switch+(SADIS):+A+systematic+review+of+efficacy+and+safety.">Single anastomosis duodeno-ileal switch (SADIS): A systematic review of efficacy and safety.</a> Obesity Surgery. 28 (1), 104-113 (2018).</li><li>Rao, R. S., Rao, V., Kini, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+in+bariatric+surgery--a+review+of+the+surgical+techniques+and+postsurgical+physiology.">Animal models in bariatric surgery--a review of the surgical techniques and postsurgical physiology.</a> Obesity Surgery. 20 (9), 1293-1305 (2010).</li><li>Lutz, T. A., Bueter, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+use+of+rat+and+mouse+models+in+bariatric+surgery+experiments.">The use of rat and mouse models in bariatric surgery experiments.</a> Frontiers in Nutrition. 3, 25 (2016).</li><li>Baud, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bile+diversion+in+Roux-en-Y+Gastric+Bypass+modulates+sodium-dependent+glucose+intestinal+uptake.">Bile diversion in Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass modulates sodium-dependent glucose intestinal uptake.</a> Cell Metabolism. 23 (3), 547-553 (2016).</li><li>Blanchard, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sleeve+gastrectomy+alters+intestinal+permeability+in+diet-induced+obese+mice.">Sleeve gastrectomy alters intestinal permeability in diet-induced obese mice.</a> Obesity Surgery. 27 (10), 2590-2598 (2017).</li><li>Ayer, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Techniques+of+sleeve+gastrectomy+and+modified+Roux-en-Y+Gastric+Bypass+in+mice.">Techniques of sleeve gastrectomy and modified Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in mice.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (121), e54905 (2017).</li><li>Wang, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+diabetes+remission+and+micronutrient+deficiency+in+a+mildly+obese+diabetic+rat+model+undergoing+SADI-S+versus+RYGB.">Comparison of diabetes remission and micronutrient deficiency in a mildly obese diabetic rat model undergoing SADI-S versus RYGB.</a> Obesity Surgery. 29 (4), 1174-1184 (2019).</li><li>Wu, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+the+outcomes+of+single+anastomosis+duodeno-ileostomy+with+sleeve+gastrectomy+(SADI-S),+single+anastomosis+sleeve+ileal+(SASI)+bypass+with+sleeve+gastrectomy,+and+sleeve+gastrectomy+using+a+rodent+model+with+diabetes.">Comparison of the outcomes of single anastomosis duodeno-ileostomy with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S), single anastomosis sleeve ileal (SASI) bypass with sleeve gastrectomy, and sleeve gastrectomy using a rodent model with diabetes.</a> Obesity Surgery. 32 (4), 1209-1215 (2022).</li><li>Laura, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Establishing+a+reproducible+murine+animal+model+of+single+anastomosis+duodenoileal+bypass+with+sleeve+gastrectomy+(SADl-S).">Establishing a reproducible murine animal model of single anastomosis duodenoileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADl-S).</a> Obesity Surgery. 28 (7), 2122-2125 (2018).</li><li>Meoli, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intestine-specific+overexpression+of+LDLR+enhances+cholesterol+excretion+and+induces+metabolic+changes+in+male+mice.">Intestine-specific overexpression of LDLR enhances cholesterol excretion and induces metabolic changes in male mice.</a> Endocrinology. 160 (4), 744-758 (2019).</li><li>Abu El Haija, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Toll-like+receptor+4+and+myeloid+differentiation+factor+88+are+required+for+gastric+bypass-induced+metabolic+effects.">Toll-like receptor 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 are required for gastric bypass-induced metabolic effects.</a> Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases. 17 (12), 1996-2006 (2021).</li><li>Kumar, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lipocalin-type+prostaglandin+D2+synthase+(L-PGDS)+modulates+beneficial+metabolic+effects+of+vertical+sleeve+gastrectomy.">Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase (L-PGDS) modulates beneficial metabolic effects of vertical sleeve gastrectomy.</a> Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases. 12 (8), 1523-1531 (2016).</li><li>Heffron, S. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Changes+in+lipid+profile+of+obese+patients+following+contemporary+bariatric+surgery:+A+meta-analysis.">Changes in lipid profile of obese patients following contemporary bariatric surgery: A meta-analysis.</a> The American Journal of Medicine. 129 (9), 952-959 (2016).</li><li>Carswell, K. A., Belgaumkar, A. P., Amiel, S. A., Patel, A. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis+of+the+effect+of+gastric+bypass+surgery+on+plasma+lipid+levels.">A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of gastric bypass surgery on plasma lipid levels.</a> Obesity Surgery. 26 (4), 843-855 (2016).</li><li>Surve, A., Zaveri, H., Cottam, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Retrograde+filling+of+the+afferent+limb+as+a+cause+of+chronic+nausea+after+single+anastomosis+loop+duodenal+switch.">Retrograde filling of the afferent limb as a cause of chronic nausea after single anastomosis loop duodenal switch.</a> Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases. 12 (4), 39-42 (2016).</li><li>Uysal, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Caecum+location+in+laboratory+rats+and+mice:+an+anatomical+and+radiological+study.">Caecum location in laboratory rats and mice: an anatomical and radiological study.</a> Laboratory Animals. 51 (3), 245-255 (2017).</li><li>S&#225;nchez-Pernaute, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-anastomosis+duodeno-ileal+bypass+with+sleeve+gastrectomy:+metabolic+improvement+and+weight+loss+in+first+100+patients.">Single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy: metabolic improvement and weight loss in first 100 patients.</a> Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases. 9 (5), 731-735 (2013).</li><li>Wei, J. H., Yeh, C. H., Lee, W. J., Lin, S. J., Huang, P. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sleeve+gastrectomy+in+mice+using+surgical+clips.">Sleeve gastrectomy in mice using surgical clips.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (165), e60719 (2020).</li><li>Ying, L. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Technical+feasibility+of+a+murine+model+of+sleeve+gastrectomy+with+ileal+transposition.">Technical feasibility of a murine model of sleeve gastrectomy with ileal transposition.</a> Obesity Surgery. 29 (2), 593-600 (2019).</li><li>Bruinsma, B. G., Uygun, K., Yarmush, M. L., Saeidi, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surgical+models+of+Roux-en-Y+gastric+bypass+surgery+and+sleeve+gastrectomy+in+rats+and+mice.">Surgical models of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery and sleeve gastrectomy in rats and mice.</a> Nature Protocols. 10 (3), 495-507 (2015).</li></ol>

Bariatric surgeries, whose techniques are constantly evolving, appear to be currently the most effective treatment for obesity and associated metabolic comorbidities3,19,20. The SADI-S procedure, firstly described in 20074, is a promising procedure associated with greater metabolic effects than other malabsorptive surgeries. Animal models, particularly mice that allow the rapid generation of genetically m...

Obesity is an emerging and endemic situation with increasing prevalence, affecting approximately 1 in 20 adults worldwide1. Bariatric surgery has become the most effective treatment option for the affected adults in recent years, improving both weight loss and metabolic disorders2,3, with variable results depending on the type of surgical procedure used.
There are two main mechanisms that are implicated in the effects of the bariatric procedures: restriction that aims to increase satiety (such as in the sleeve gastrectomy (SG) where 80% of the stomach is removed), and malabsorption. Among the procedures that imply both restriction and malabsorption, the single anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) has been proposed as an alternative to the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), in which a weight regain is observed in approximately 20% patients4,5. In this technique, a sleeve gastrectomy is associated with a small bowel rearrangment, dividing it into a biliary and a short common limb (one-third of the total small bowel length) (Figure 1A). Technically, the SADI-S has the advantage over the RYGB of requiring only a single anastomosis, reducing the operation time by approximately 30%. In addition, this method preserves the pylorus, which helps to reduce the risk of peptic ulcer disease and limits anastomotic leakage. The SADI-S is also associated with a high rate of metabolic improvement, strongly favoring its use during the last few years6,7.
Since metabolic effects have become increasingly foundational to bariatric procedures, elucidating their mechanisms seems crucial. Therefore, the use of animal models for bariatric procedures is of utmost importance to better understand their metabolic effects and the cellular and molecular pathways involved8. These models contributed, for example, to a better understanding of the change in food intake after SG or RYGB in a controlled environment9 and to the study of glucose or cholesterol fluxes through the intestinal barrier10,11; these informations are rarely available in clinical studies. This knowledge could help to define their optimal surgical indications. We previously described mouse models of SG and RYGB12. However, despite its promising results in clinical practice, the SADI-S has only been developed and described in rats13,14,15. However, given its genetic malleability, the mouse model has been useful in the past to study the various metabolic effects of such procedures16,17,18, and a SADI-S mouse model could be useful to evaluate effects of SADI-S despite the technical difficulty.
In this article, we describe the adaptation of the SADI-S procedure in mice (Figure 1B) in a reproducible manner. Special attention is given to the description of perioperative care.

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			<td>Agagani needle 26 G</td>
			<td>Terumo</td>
			<td>050101B</td>
			<td>26 G needle</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Betadine dermique&#160;</td>
			<td>Pharma-gdd</td>
			<td>3300931499787</td>
			<td>Povidone solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Betadine scrub</td>
			<td>Pharma-gdd</td>
			<td>&#160;3400931499787</td>
			<td>Povidone solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Binocular microscope</td>
			<td>Optika Microscopes Italy</td>
			<td>SZN-9</td>
			<td>Binocular stereomicroscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Buprecare</td>
			<td>Animalcare</td>
			<td>3760087151244</td>
			<td>Buprenorphin</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Castroviejo, straight 9 cm</td>
			<td>F.S.T</td>
			<td>12060-02</td>
			<td>Micro scissors</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Castroviejo, straight 9 cm</td>
			<td>F.S.T</td>
			<td>12060-02</td>
			<td>Needle holder</td>
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			<td>Chlorure de sodium Fresenius 0.9%</td>
			<td>Fresenius Kabi&#160;</td>
			<td>BE182743</td>
			<td>NaCl 0.9%</td>
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			<td>Clamoxyl</td>
			<td>Med&#39;vet</td>
			<td>5414736007496</td>
			<td>Amoxicilline</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Cotton buds</td>
			<td>Comed</td>
			<td>2510805</td>
			<td>Cotton swabs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Element HT5</td>
			<td>Scilvet</td>
			<td>Element HT5</td>
			<td>Automated hematology analyzer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Emeprid</td>
			<td>CEVA</td>
			<td>3411111914365</td>
			<td>Metoclopramid</td>
		</tr>
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			<td>Extra Fine Graefe Forceps, curved (tip width: 0.5 mm)</td>
			<td>F.S.T</td>
			<td>11152-10</td>
			<td>Surgical forceps</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Extra Fine Graefe Forceps, straight (tip width: 0.5 mm)</td>
			<td>F.S.T</td>
			<td>11150-10</td>
			<td>Surgical forceps</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fercobsang</td>
			<td>Vetoprice</td>
			<td>QB03AE04</td>
			<td>Iron, multivitamins and minerals&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forane</td>
			<td>Baxter</td>
			<td>1001936060</td>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Graefe forceps, straight (tip width: 0.8 mm)</td>
			<td>F.S.T</td>
			<td>11050-10</td>
			<td>Forceps</td>
		</tr>
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			<td>Graphpad Prism version 8.0</td>
			<td>GraphPad Software, Inc.</td>
			<td>Version 8.0</td>
			<td>Software for statistical analysis</td>
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			<td>Heat pad</td>
			<td>Intellibio innovation</td>
			<td>A-2101-00300</td>
			<td>Heat pad</td>
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			<td>Incubator</td>
			<td>Bioconcept Technologies</td>
			<td>Manufactured on demand</td>
			<td>Incubator&#160;</td>
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			<td>Lighting</td>
			<td>Optika Microscopes Italy</td>
			<td>CL-30</td>
			<td>Lighting for microscopy</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ocrygel</td>
			<td>Med&#39;vet</td>
			<td>3700454505621</td>
			<td>Carboptol 980 NF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pangen 2.5 cm x 3.5 cm</td>
			<td>Urgovet</td>
			<td>A02978</td>
			<td>Haemostatic collagen compress</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Prolene 6/0</td>
			<td>B.Braun</td>
			<td>3097915</td>
			<td>Optilene 6/0 (0.7 metric) 75 cm 2XDR13 CV2 RCP, suture cord</td>
		</tr>
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			<td>Prolene 8/0</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>8732</td>
			<td>2 x BV175-6 MP, 3/8 Circle, 8 mm,&#160; suture cord</td>
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			<td>Scissors</td>
			<td>F.S.T</td>
			<td>146168-09</td>
			<td>Surgical scissors</td>
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			<td>Sterile compresses&#160;</td>
			<td>Laboartoire Sylamed</td>
			<td>211S05-50</td>
			<td>Non-woven sterile compressed</td>
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			<td>Terumo Syringe</td>
			<td>Terumo</td>
			<td>50828</td>
			<td>1 mL syringe</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Titanium hemostatic clip</td>
			<td>P&#233;ters Surgical</td>
			<td>B2180-1</td>
			<td>Surgical clip</td>
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			<td>Vannas Wolff</td>
			<td>F.S.T</td>
			<td>15009-08</td>
			<td>Micro scissors</td>
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			<td>Vita Rongeur</td>
			<td>Virbac</td>
			<td>3597133087611</td>
			<td>Vitamin supplementation</td>
		</tr>
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			<td>Vitaltec stainless</td>
			<td>P&#233;ters Surgical</td>
			<td>PB 220-EB Medium</td>
			<td>Surgical clip applier</td>
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single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy model in mice

Obesity is a major health issue worldwide. As a response, bariatric surgeries have emerged to treat obesity and its related comorbidities (e.g., diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, cardiovascular events, and cancers) through restrictive and malabsorptive mechanisms. Understanding the mechanisms by which these procedures allow such improvements often require their transposition into animals, especially in mice, because of the ease of generating genetically modified animals. Recently, the single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) has emerged as a procedure that uses both restrictive and malabsorptive effects, which is being used as an alternative to gastric bypass in case of major obesity. Thus far, this procedure has been associated with strong metabolic improvements, which has led to a marked increase in its use in daily clinical practice. However, the mechanisms underlying these metabolic effects have been poorly studied as a result of a lack of animal models. In this article, we present a reliable and reproducible model of SADI-S in mice, with a special focus on perioperative management. The description and use of this new rodent model will be helpful for the scientific community to better understand the molecular, metabolic, and structural changes induced by the SADI-S and to better define the surgical indications for clinical practice.

Learning curve 
The learning curve for this model is displayed in Figure 6. A progressive decrease in the operating time is observed, reaching approximately 60 min of surgery after 4 weeks of intensive training (Figure 6A). The 5-day postoperative survival also improved with time, reaching 77% during regular practice (Figure 6B). The most frequent causes of mortality were anastomotic leaks and an afferent loop ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Single-Anastomosis Duodeno-Ileal Bypass with Sleeve Gastrectomy Model in Mice at JoVE.com

Single-Anastomosis Duodeno-Ileal Bypass with Sleeve Gastrectomy Model in Mice

Single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass (SADI-S) is an emerging bariatric procedure with important metabolic effects. In this article, we present a reliable and reproducible model of SADI-S in mice.

Obesity is a major health issue worldwide. As a response, bariatric surgeries have emerged to treat obesity and its related comorbidities (e.g., diabetes ...

So this protocol is the first description of CDS in mice, allowing us to mimic the surgery performed in clinical practice and to decipher the metabolic cellular and molecular mechanisms in a more predictable manner. This procedure requires less anastomosis than the gastric bypass, thus the operation is shortened and the survival rate is improved with similar metabolic benefits to the gastric bypass. Begin by administering buprenorphine, amoxicillin, metoclopromide, and iron subcutaneously.From the xiphoid process, shave the first two thirds of the mouse's abdomen using an electric razor and disinfect the mouse's abdomen using an iodine povidone solution twice. Then place the mouse supine on a dedicated heat pad covered with a clean underpad. Check the depth of anesthetization using the toe pinch test, and cover the mouse in sterilized plastic wrap.Next, hyper extend the mouse's abdomen by fixing the lower core and placing a one milliliter syringe or equivalent behind the mouse's back. Cut a window sized opening as the future incision site in a sterile compress, and use it as an operating field to cover the mouse. Perform a median laparotomy with scissors by opening the abdominal skin from the xiphoid process to the middle of the abdomen.Then use scissors to open the abdominal wall along the linear alba between the abdominal muscles. Using a moistened cotton swab, gently mobilize the duodenum from the abdominal cavity to see its anterior and posterior sides. Then localized the main bile duct, which is immediately visible under the binocular microscope on the posterior side of the lesser omentum and the duodenum.Under the binocular microscope, visualize an area approximately from the main bile duct between the duodenum arteries, and penetrate this area using curved micro forceps from one side of the duodenum to the other. Next, perform a duodenal negation between the arteries using a 6.0 non-absorbable suture. Use a moistened cotton swab and a non-traumatic clamp to mobilize the stomach from the abdominal cavity and separate it from the surrounding organs using micro scissors.Then separate the greater omentum, cut the short gastric arteries between the stomach and the spleen and the lipoma linking the stomach to the lower part of the esophagus. Using micro scissors, perform a five millimeter gastrotomy by opening the fundus and removing the residual food using a cotton swab. Apply surgical clips along the stomach's greater curvature to exclude approximately 80%of the stomach, and remove the excluded stomach by cutting it with micro scissors.Now, anchor the surgical clips to a certain impermeability by performing a running suture from the beginning to the end of the stomach resection. Under the binocular microscope, visualized the last ileal loop situated just before the cecum. Gently mobilized the small intestine outside the abdominal cavity from the last ileal loop, and dispose the small bowel so the last ileal loop is located on the left side.Using a previously sized suture cord, measure 10 centimeters from the last ileal loop. To ensure that the future biliary limb comes to the anastomosis side from its left side, make a large loop of the small intestine around the side of the future anastomosis. At this point, perform a four millimeter enterotomy by opening the small bowel using micro scissors.Perform a four millimeter enterotomy on the duodenum immediately after the pylorus between the stomach and the ligation performed earlier. Then place an absorbable hemostatic collagen compress to favor homeostasis. Using a non-absorbable 8.0 suture, perform a side to side duodenal ilealanal anastomosis starting from the posterior side to the anterior side, and display the small bowel in the abdominal cavity as described in the manuscript.Rehydrate the mouse with 500 microliters of 37 degrees celsius saline solution by infusing it into the abdominal cavity using a one milliliter syringe. Now use a single 6.0 non-absorbable running suture to close the musculoaponeurotic neurotic layer, and close the abdominal skin using 6.0 non-absorbable separated sutures. After four weeks of intensive training, a progressive decrease in the operating time is observed, reaching approximately 60 minutes.The five day post-operative survival also improved with time, reaching 77%during regular practice. From the fourth post-operative day, SADI-S mice experienced significant weight loss compared to the Sham mice. A significant increase in daily food intake was observed in SADI-S mice.However, after iron supplementation, no significant difference was observed in the hemoglobin concentration between the Sham and SADI-S groups. When performing the anastomosis, it is crucial to dispose the bowel in a way that bile and food do not oppose each other to avoid an afferent loop syndrome.

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