5.1 : Complexometric Titration: Overview

Complexometric titrations involve reactions of ligands with suitable metal ions to generate metal–ligand complexes.

The titration is often performed using a visual indicator, which first forms a relatively weak metal–indicator complex that gives the solution an initial color.

As the titration approaches the equivalence point, all free metal ions are consumed, and any excess ligand displaces the indicator from the metal–indicator complex.

The rapid color change that follows marks the end point of the titration.

Complexometric titration involves the formation of a complex by reacting a metal ion with one or more ligands. A visual indicator often detects the end point of a complexometric titration. It is added to the metal solution before the titration, forming a stable metal–indicator complex and imparting color to the solution. As the titration approaches the equivalence point, the excess of the added ligand displaces the indicator from the metal–indicator complex, releasing the free indicator. The free indicator formation changes the color of the solution rapidly, signaling an endpoint. O,O′-dihydroxyazo compounds, such as eriochrome black T and calmagite, are frequently used as indicators in complexometric titrations.

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Complexometric Titration Metal Ion Ligands Visual Indicator End Point Detection Metal indicator Complex Color Change Equivalence Point O O dihydroxyazo Compounds Eriochrome Black T Calmagite Indicator Displacement

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5.13 : Precipitation Titration Curve: Analysis

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5.15 : Gravimetry: Overview

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