A map projection is a way to show the Earth’s round surface on a flat piece of paper or a screen. Since Earth is a sphere, flattening it always causes some distortion—meaning shapes, sizes, or distances may not be perfectly accurate. Scientists and cartographers (mapmakers) use different projections depending on what they need to show.
Each projection has strengths and weaknesses, and no single map can perfectly represent Earth. Scientists and geographers choose the best projection based on what they need to study or display.
Maps are models of the real world. Different map projections change how the Earth appears, making some areas look bigger or smaller than they actually are.
As you explore, ask these questions:
Maps have evolved over time. Long ago, people made simple sketches of land and water. Today, satellite technology and GPS allow us to create detailed, interactive maps. Even the way we use maps has changed; now, we can pull out a phone and find our location instantly.
Maps also help us track changes on Earth, such as expanding cities or shifting coastlines. By studying different maps, you can see how the world changes over time and how maps play a key role in exploring, learning, and understanding our planet.
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