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Method Article
Targeted cell delivery is useful in a variety of biomedical applications. The goal of this protocol is to use superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) to label cells and thereby enable magnetic cell targeting approaches for a high degree of control over cell delivery and localization.
細胞および治療剤の標的化送達は、オフターゲット部位への悪影響を最小限に抑えながら、標的部位で治療効果を集中することにより、生物医学的用途の広い範囲に利益をもたらします。磁気細胞標的化は、効率的で、安全で、簡単な配信技術です。超常磁性酸化鉄ナノ粒子(SPION)は、生体適合性、生分解性であり、および磁界に応答してレンダリングするために細胞内に取り込ませることができます。合成プロセスは、マグネタイト鉄(Fe 3 O 4)を作成することを含む、ポリ(乳酸-コ-グリコール酸)(PLGA)コーティングを形成するために、高速乳化続いナノ粒子。 PLGA-マグネタイトSPIONsは約10 nmの直径のマグネタイトコアを含む直径約120nmです。培養培地中に置かれたとき、SPIONsは、天然細胞によってエンドサイトーシスおよび細胞質エンドソーム内の小さなクラスターとして記憶されます。これらの粒子は、細胞に十分な磁気質量を与え磁場内にターゲットを可能にします。多数の細胞選別とターゲットアプリケーションは、磁場に反応する様々な細胞型をレンダリングすることで有効になっています。 SPIONsは、同様に、腫瘍の治療または組織はんだ付けのための医療用イメージング造影剤として使用する、標的薬物や遺伝子デリバリー、診断アッセイ、およびローカル温熱療法の生成を含む他の生物医学的用途の多様性を持っています。
Targeted delivery and capture of cells to specific sites within the body is desirable for a variety of biomedical applications. Delivery of neural stem cells to the brain by MRI-guided focused ultrasound has been proposed as a possible treatment option for neurodegenerative disease, traumatic brain injury, and stroke1. Mesenchymal stem cells are being studied for their ability to deliver anti-cancer drugs to tumors due to their natural tumor-tropic properties2,3. Cardiac stem cells have been delivered to the heart as a possible treatment for myocardial infarction4,5. Vascular stents have been developed with CD34 antibodies to capture circulating progenitor cells6. While promising, these cell targeting approaches present drawbacks including lack of cell specificity, inconsistent cell retention, and off-target cell delivery.
The overall goal of the current method is to enable magnetically directed targeting of cells for a variety of cell delivery and sorting applications. Magnetic targeting allows for controlled delivery of specific cells to a specific target site with minimal off-target effects7. The magnetic fields can be generated by implanted or external devices to safely direct the movement of magnetically-labeled cells within the body8. Numerous research efforts have focused on magnetically directed targeting of stem cells to injured tissues such as the heart9-14, retina15, lung16, skin17, spinal cord18,19, bone20, liver21, and muscle22,23 in order to improve regeneration outcomes.
Magnetic targeting of cells has also been studied extensively as a means to endothelialize implantable cardiovascular devices. A uniform and complete endothelium provides a barrier between the device and circulating blood elements to mitigate thrombosis and inflammation. Endothelial cells can be delivered to the device either prior to implantation or via the vascular system following implantation. In both cases, magnetic fields are used to capture cells to the surface of the device and retain the cells when subjected to the shear stress generated by circulating blood. Magnetic vascular stents24-27 and vascular grafts28 have both been fabricated and tested for this purpose.
Magnetic cell targeting requires a strategy for labeling cells with magnetic carrier particles. These particles can be bound to the surface of cells via antibodies or ligand/receptor pairs or they can be endocytosed into the cells. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) are biodegradable, biocompatible, and readily endocytosed by a variety of cell types29. These particles effectively render a cell responsive to magnetic fields and are naturally degraded over time. SPIONs provide a straightforward and safe means of magnetically labeling cells in culture for a variety of magnetic targeting and sorting applications. A method for synthesizing SPIONs with a magnetite (Fe3O4) core and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) shell is provided. In addition, a method for labeling cells in culture with SPIONs is provided.
マグネタイトゲルの合成1。
マグネタイトゲルの2精製
PLGAシェルを使用したマグネタイトナノ粒子の3コーティング
4.フリーズSPIONsの-drying
SPIONsによる細胞の5ラベリング
マグネタイトナノ粒子は、50℃、1000回転(図1)での鉄(III)、塩化鉄(II)塩化物水和物の水溶液を攪拌した結果、直径が約10nmです。これらの結果は、マグネタイトナノ粒子の合成に成功を実証します。これは、最初に合成しようとすると、バッチの少量の試料から採取したマグネタイトナノ粒子のサイズおよび形状を確認することが重要です。透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)は、こ?...
任意のナノ粒子合成プロトコルと同様に、反応物質の化学物質の純度は、最小限の細胞毒性効果を持つことになり、高品質のSPIONsを達成するために重要です。これは、オレイン酸(≥99%)、塩化鉄(II)四水和物(≥99.99%)、塩化鉄(III)(≥99.99%)、酢酸エチルなどの非常に純粋な試薬を購入することが重要である(HPLCグレード、≥99.9% )、ヘキサン(HPLCグレード、≥97.0%)、水酸...
The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.
The authors wish to acknowledge funding from the European Regional Development Fund – FNUSA-ICRC (no. CZ.1.05/ 1.1.00/ 02.0123), the American Heart Association Scientist Development Grant (AHA #06-35185N), and the National Institutes of Health (NIH #T32HL007111).
Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
Ammonium Hydroxide solution, 28% NH3 in H2O, ≥99.99% trace metal basis | Sigma-Aldrich | 338818-100ML | Harmful reagent - wear personal protective equipment |
Dreschel bottle, 500 ml | Ace Glass | 5516-16 | |
Ethyl Acetate, CHROMASOLVR Plus, for HPLC, 99.9% | Sigma-Aldrich | 650528-1L | Harmful reagent - wear personal protective equipment & work in fume hood |
Ethyl alcohol | Sigma-Aldrich | E7023 | Harmful reagent - wear personal protective equipment |
Evaporating flask, 50 ml, 24/40 joint | Sigma-Aldrich | Z515558 | For use with rotoevaporator |
Filter paper, 3 cm dia, grade 1 | Fisher | 09-805P | For use with glass filter funnel |
Glass beakers, 1 L | Fisher | FB-101-1000 | For washing SPIONs |
Glass filter funnel, vacuum hose adapter, fits 24/40, 30 mL | Fisher | K954100-0344 | |
Glass vial caps | Fisher | 03-391-46 | For use with glass vials |
Glass vials, 2 ml | Fisher | 03-391-44 | For collecting magnetite gel & SPIONs |
Hexane, CHROMASOLVR, for HPLC, ≥97.0% (GC) | Sigma-Aldrich | 34859-1L | Harmful reagent - wear personal protective equipment & work in fume hood |
Hydrochloric acid | Sigma-Aldrich | H1758 | Harmful reagent - wear personal protective equipment & work in fume hood |
Iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate, ≥99.99% trace metals basis | Sigma-Aldrich | 380024-5G | Harmful reagent - wear personal protective equipment |
Iron(III) chloride anhydrous, powder, ≥99.99% trace metals basis | Sigma-Aldrich | 451649-1G | Harmful reagent - wear personal protective equipment |
Isomantle heater, 500 mL | Voight Global | EM0500/CEX1 | |
Laboratory mixer | Silverson | L5M-A | |
Lyophilizer | Labconco | 7670520 | |
Microspatulas | Fisher | 21-401-25A | For transfering magnetite gel |
NdFeB magnet, 1 in x 1 in x 1 in | Amazing Magnets | C1000H-M | Very strong magnet, handle with care |
Oleic acid, ≥99% (GC) | Sigma-Aldrich | O1008-5G | Store in freezer; Harmful reagent - wear personal protective equipment |
Overhead stirrer | IKA | 2572201 | |
Overhead stirrer clamp | IKA | 2664000 | For use with overhead stirrer |
Overhead stirrer H-stand | IKA | 1412000 | For use with overhead stirrer |
Phosphate buffered saline | Life Technologies | 10010-023 | |
Plastic beakers, 250 ml | Fisher | 02-591-28 | |
PLGA PURASORB PDLG (75/25 blend) | Purac | PDLG 7502 | PDLG 7502A may be used as well; Store in freezer |
Pluronic F-127 powder, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture | Sigma-Aldrich | P2443-250G | |
PTFE expandable blade paddle, 8 mm dia | SciQuip | SP4018 | |
PTFE vessel adapter, fits 24/40, 8 mm dia paddle | Monmouth Scientific | PTFE Vessel Adaptor A480 | For use with PTFE expandable blade paddle |
Recirculating chiller | Clarkson | 696613 | For use with rotoevaporator |
Reflux condenser, fits 24/40, 250 mm | Ace Glass | 5997-133 | |
Rotoevaporator | Clarkson | 216949 | |
Rubber septa, fits 24/40 | Ace Glass | 9096-56 | |
Separatory funnel with stopper, 250 ml | Fisher | 10-438E | |
Sodium sulfate ACS reagent, ≥99.0%, anhydrous, granular | Sigma-Aldrich | 239313-500G | |
Three neck round bottom flask, angled, 24/40 joints, 500 ml | Ace Glass | 6948-16 | |
Ultrasonic cleaner perforated pan | Fisher | 15-335-20A | For use with ultrasonic cleaner |
Ultrasonic cleaner, 2.8 L | Fisher | 15-335-20 | |
Vacuum controller | Clarkson | 216639 | For use with rotoevaporator (optional) |
Vacuum pump | Clarkson | 219959 | For use with rotoevaporator |
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