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Method Article
私たちは、PDCの機能研究のための狼瘡傾向マウスの骨髄から高純度の形質細胞様樹状細胞(pDC)を単離するために蛍光活性化セルソーティングを使用してプロトコルを報告しています。
Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) is a technique to purify specific cell populations based on phenotypes detected by flow cytometry. This method enables researchers to better understand the characteristics of a single cell population without the influence of other cells. Compared to other methods of cell enrichment, such as magnetic-activated cell sorting (MCS), FACS is more flexible and accurate for cell separation due to the ability of phenotype detection by flow cytometry. In addition, FACS is usually capable of separating multiple cell populations simultaneously, which improves the efficiency and diversity of experiments. Although FACS has some limitations, it has been broadly used to purify cells for functional studies in both in vitro and in vivo settings. Here we report a protocol using fluorescence-activated cell sorting to isolate a very rare population of immune cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC), with high purity from the bone marrow of lupus-prone mice for in vitro functional studies of pDC.
Efficient separation of a cell population of choice from other cells enables studies of the population that may not be possible otherwise. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) is a method to enrich an interesting cell population with high purity. 1,2 Different cell types usually express unique molecules, or a unique combination of several molecules, on the plasma membrane that can distinguish one cell population from another. Upon binding of these cell surface molecules by specific fluorescence-conjugated antibodies, a detecting machine called flow cytometer/sorter is able to excite and detect the light signals of different fluorescent dyes that represent different molecule markers on the cells at the single cell level. The combined information consisting of either the presence of a light signal (representing positive expression of the corresponding surface molecule) or the absence of a light signal (representing negative expression of a molecule) defines the phenotype of the cell. After passing through the detector, cells with the same phenotype of interest are diverted towards a designated collecting tube based on electrical charge.
FACS is broadly applied in various studies as long as the population to be enriched is labeled with fluorescence.3-7 It has been used to separate immunoglobulin (Ig)A-coated bacteria from non-IgA coated bacteria in the gut microbiota 8 and sort genetically engineered cell populations expressing fluorescent proteins. 9 Importantly, it has the capacity to separate more than one population simultaneously, which not only saves time and reagents but also allows for more sophisticated study designs. 10 However, FACS also has its limitations. If a population of interest is very rare (less than 1%), the sorting efficiency may be reduced, causing significant cell loss. In addition, some antibody binding may activate intracellular signal transduction that induces functional changes of the sorted cell population. 11 Therefore, the phenotype used for sorting should be selected carefully.
Other methods exist besides FACS that are also based on cell surface markers for the enrichment of specific cell populations, such as magnetic-activated cell sorting (MCS). 12 Similar to FACS, magnetic beads-conjugated antibodies can target specific cell surface molecules. Upon antibody-antigen interaction, magnetic beads-coated cells can be separated from non-coated cells after passing through a magnetic field. However, only a limited number of molecules can be targeted in MCS, as magnetic beads are, unlike various fluorescent colors in FACS, undistinguishable. It is thus difficult for MCS to define a cell phenotype with a complicated combination of surface markers. 13,14 In addition, MCS is also able to cause unintended activation of target cells.
In our studies of a mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 15 we intended to purify plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) to investigate their functional changes with disease progression. We first used MCS to enrich pDC from the bone marrow by targeting PDCA-1, a molecule highly and uniquely expressed on murine pDC at steady state. 16 However, the cell purity was unexpectedly low, likely due to the upregulation of PDCA-1 on other cell populations in an inflammatory environment such as SLE.16 Ultimately, we have used FACS with a combination of four surface markers (CD11c, CD11b, B220 and PDCA-1) to separate high-purity pDC as CD11c+CD11b-B220+PDCA-1+ population. Murine pDC has another specific surface marker Siglec-H. We decided not to use Siglec-H, as antibody binding of this molecule represses the function of pDC to produce IFNα. 11
注:MRL / MP-のFas のlpr狼瘡傾向マウスを繁殖させたとバージニア工科大学(動物福祉保証番号での施設内動物管理使用委員会(IACUC)の要件以下の特定病原体フリーの施設で維持した(MRL / LPR): A3208-01)。この研究は、米国立衛生研究所の実験動物の管理と使用に関するガイドの推奨事項に厳密に従って行きました。全ての動物実験は、IACUCプロトコル番号12から062で行いました。
1.細胞培養培地およびソート・バッファ
2.マウスの解剖
3.脾細胞の単離
4.骨髄細胞の単離
FACS 5.細胞表面染色
6.セルソーターでソート
注:サイトメーターおよびソフトウェア上の手順をソートの動作は、同社が提供する詳細な命令で標準化されています。 ( すなわち 、競合が30下に保持ミリリットル当たり10百万円、70%以上に効率を調整する-簡単に言えば、我々は5の間、標的細胞濃度を設定し、20 psiで100ミクロンのノズルを使用します%)。
我々は、IFNαを産生する能力についてのpDCの機能変化を研究するために老いも若き両方年齢のMRL / LPRの狼瘡傾向マウスから、高純度の骨髄のpDCを豊かにすることを目的とした、および他の細胞型の影響を受けません。使用された最初の精製戦略は、 図1に示すように、濃縮した後にのみ7.75パーセントの純度につながった、MCS、でした。 MCSと比較して、FACS?...
The protocol described in this manuscript is for high purity enrichment of live pDC that retain the ability to produce IFNα. The applications of this protocol include, but are not limited to, purification of pDC and/or any other mononuclear cells from the bone marrow of MRL/lpr and any other mouse strains for studies of cellular and molecular functions. Several critical steps in this protocol are to ensure high viability and purity of the sorted pDC. The first key step is the release of bone marrow from bones. To mi...
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.
We thank Flow Cytometry Laboratory at Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine for the use of flow cytometry core facility. This work was supported by XML's startup funds. XL is a Stamps Fellow in the Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences graduate program.
Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
RPMI 1640 | gibco by life technologies | 11875-093 | |
Fetal bovine serum | HyClone | SH30396.03 | |
Sodium pyruvate | gibco by life technologies | 11360-070 | |
MEM non-essential amino acids | gibco by life technologies | 11140-050 | |
HEPES | gibco by life technologies | 15630-080 | |
2-mercaptoethanol | gibco by life technologies | 21985-023 | |
L-glutamine | gibco by life technologies | 25030-164 | |
Penicillin-Streptomycin | gibco by life technologies | 15140-122 | |
1x Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution | gibco by life technologies | 14175-079 | |
MACS BSA Stock Solution | Miltenyi Biotec | 130-091-376 | |
MgCl2 | SIGMA | M8266 | |
DNase I | SIGMA | D4527 | |
Red blood cell (RBC) lysis buffer | eBioscience | 00-4300-54 | |
Density gradient medium | GE Healthcare | 17-1440-02 | Ficoll-Paque Plus |
anti-mouse CD19-PE | BD Pharmingen | 553786 | |
anti-mouse CD11c-PE | eBioscience | 12-0114-82 | |
anti-mouse CD11b-APC-CY7 | BD Pharmingen | 557657 | |
anti-mouse PDCA-1-FITC | eBioscience | 11-3172-81 | |
anti-mouse B220-V500 | BD Pharmingen | 561226 | |
DAPI | invitrogen | D3571 | |
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Isolation Kit II, mouse | Miltenyi Biotec | 130-092-786 | |
BD FACSAria I flow cytometer | BD Biosciences | 643178 | |
BD FACS Diva version 6 | BD Biosciences |
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