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Comparison of Two Representative Methods for Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
In This Article
Summary
This protocol describes and compares two representative methods for differentiating hiPSCs into mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). The monolayer method is characterized by lower cost, simpler operation, and easier osteogenic differentiation. The embryoid bodies (EBs) method is characterized by lower time consumption.
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are adult pluripotent stem cells which have been widely used in regenerative medicine. As somatic tissue-derived MSCs are restricted by limited donation, quality variations, and biosafety, the past 10 years have seen a great rise in efforts to generate MSCs from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Past and recent efforts in the differentiation of hiPSCs into MSCs have been centered around two culture methodologies: (1) the formation of embryoid bodies (EBs) and (2) the use of monolayer culture. This protocol describes these two representative methods in deriving MSC from hiPSCs. Each method presents its advantages and disadvantages, including time, cost, cell proliferation ability, the expression of MSC markers, and their capability of differentiation in vitro. This protocol demonstrates that both methods can derive mature and functional MSCs from hiPSCs. The monolayer method is characterized by lower cost, simpler operation, and easier osteogenic differentiation, while the EB method is characterized by lower time consumption.
Introduction
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are mesoderm-derived adult pluripotent stem cells1. MSCs are present in almost all connective tissues2. Since MSCs were first discovered in the 1970s and successfully isolated from bone marrow in 1987 by Friedenstein et al.3,4,5, a variety of human somatic (including fetal and adult) tissues have been used for isolating MSCs such as bone, cartilage, tendon, muscle, adipose tissue, and hematopoietic-supporting stroma1,2,
Protocol
1. hiPSCs maintenance
- Thawing of hiPSC
- Take out the cells from the liquid nitrogen and quickly thaw cells in a 37 °C water bath. Transfer the thawing cells to a 15 mL tube prepared with 3 mL of iPSC maintenance medium (Table of Materials). Gently mix the medium.
- Centrifuge at 300 x g for 5 min. Remove the supernatant, and gently resuspend the cells in 1 mL of iPSC maintenance medium with 10 µM Y-27632 (pipette the cells up and down 2-.......
Representative Results
Following the protocol (Figure 1A), hiPSCs were differentiated into MSCs via the EB formation and monolayer culture methods. During differentiation, the cells showed different representative morphologies (Figure 1B,C).
As shown in Figure 1B, the hiPSCs colonies display typical compact morphology before differentiation with a clear border composed of tightly packed cells. Uniform spherical.......
Discussion
In this protocol, two representative methods of differentiating hiPSCs into MSCs were examined20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,30. Both methods were capable of derivating MSCs from hiPSCs. The .......
Acknowledgements
We are extremely grateful to all members of the Mao and Hu Lab, past and present, for the interesting discussions and great contributions to the project. We are thankful to the National Clinical Research Center for Child Health for the great support. This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U20A20351 to Jianhua Mao, 82200784 to Lidan Hu), the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China (No. LQ22C070004 to Lidan Hu).
....Materials
| Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
| Alizarin red staining kit | Beyotime Biotechnology | C0148S | |
| Anti-human-CD105 (PE) | Biolegend | 323206 | |
| Anti-human-CD34 (FITC) | Biolegend | 343503 | |
| Anti-human-CD45 (APC) | Biolegend | 304011 | |
| Anti-human-CD73( APC) | Biolegend | 344006 | |
| Anti-human-CD90 (FITC) | Biolegend | 328108 | |
| Ascorbic acid | Solarbio | A8100 | |
| BMP-6 | Novoprotein | C012 | |
| Carbon dioxide level shaker | Crystal | CO-06UC6 | |
| Compensation Beads | BioLegend | 424601 | |
| CryoStor CS10 | STEMCELL Technology | 07959 | |
| Dexamethasone | Beyotime Biotechnology | ST1254 | |
| DMEM/F12 medium | Servicebio | G4610 | |
| Fetal bovine serum | HAKATA | HS-FBS-500 | |
| FGF2 | Stemcell | 78003.1 | |
| Gelatin | Sigma-Aldrich | G2500-100G | |
| GlutaMAX | Gibco | 35050061 | |
| human IgG1 isotype control APC | BioLegend | 403505 | |
| human IgG1 isotype control FITC | BioLegend | 403507 | |
| human IgG1 isotype control PE | BioLegend | 403503 | |
| Human TGF-β1 | Stemcell | 78067 | |
| Human TruStain FcX | BioLegend | 422301 | |
| IBMX | Beyotime Biotechnology | ST1398 | |
| Indomethacin | Solarbio | SI9020 | |
| Insulin | Beyotime Biotechnology | P3376 | |
| iPSC maintenance medium | STEMCELL Technology | 85850 | |
| ITS Media Supplement | Beyotime Biotechnology | C0341-10mL | |
| Matrigel, growth factor reduced | BD Corning | 354230 | |
| Oli Red O staining kit | Beyotime Biotechnology | C0158S | |
| Proline | Solarbio | P0011 | |
| Sodium pyruvate | ThermoFisher | 11360-070 | |
| TGFβ3 | Novoprotein | CJ44 | |
| Toluidine blue staining kit | Solarbio | G2543 | |
| TrypLE Express Enzyme(1x) | Gibco | 12604013 | |
| Ultra-Low Attachment 6 Well Plate | Costar | 3471 | |
| Versene | Gibco | 15040-66 | |
| Y-27632 | Stemcell | 72304 | |
| α-MEM | Hyclone | SH30265 | |
| β-glycerophosphate | Solarbio | G8100 |
References
- Weng, Z., et al. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell senescence: Hallmarks, mechanisms, and combating strategies. Stem Cells Translational Medicine. 11 (4), 356-371 (2022).
- Soliman, H., et al. Multipotent stromal....
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