Understanding the Effects of Non-Invasive Transauricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation on EEG and HRV

Summary

This protocol provides information on how to apply transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) in a clinical trial, including potential biomarkers such as EEG metrics and heart rate variability (HRV) to measure the effect of this treatment on the autonomic nervous system.

Abstract

Several studies have demonstrated promising results of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) in treating various disorders; however, no mechanistic studies have investigated this technique's neural network and autonomic nervous system effects. This study aims to describe how taVNS can affect EEG metrics, HRV, and pain levels. Healthy subjects were randomly allocated into two groups: the active taVNS group and the sham taVNS group. Electroencephalography (EEG) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) were recorded at baseline, 30 min, and after 60 min of 30 Hz, 200-250 µs taVNS, or sham stimulation, and the differences between the metrics were calculated. Regarding vagal projections, some studies have demonstrated the role of the vagus nerve in modulating brain activity, the autonomic system, and pain pathways. However, more data is still needed to understand the mechanisms of taVNS on these systems. In this context, this study presents methods to provide data for a deeper discussion about the physiological impacts of this technique, which can help future therapeutic investigations in various conditions.

Introduction

Transauricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a recent neuromodulation technique that does not require surgery and utilizes a non-invasive stimulation device placed at the concha or tragus of the ear. Consequently, it is more accessible and safer for patients¹. In recent years, the taVNS field has rapidly expanded, primarily focusing on clinical trials demonstrating potential therapeutic advantages for various pathological conditions, including epilepsy, depression, tinnitus, Parkinson's disease, impaired glucose tolerance, schizophrenia, and atrial fibrillation². There is much to discuss about taVNS and its effects ....

Protocol

All study procedures were performed at the Spaulding Neuromodulation Center/Spaulding Cambridge Hospital. Ethical approval for this protocol was obtained from Mass General Brigham IRB (Number Protocol #:2022P003200). Informed consent was obtained from all subjects using the encrypted Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) platform (see Table of Materials). Trial registration number: NCT05801809.

1. Subject selection and screening

1. Identify potent.......

Discussion

Transauricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation (taVNS) is emerging as a promising therapeutic avenue for addressing several neuropsychiatric conditions. Mood disorders, such as depression and anxiety, pose a significant global health burden, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic¹⁹. Recent studies exploring taVNS have exhibited the potential to alleviate symptoms associated with these disorders.

The vagus nerve plays a pivotal role in the brain-gut axis and the regulation of e.......

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
Articulated arm	Electrical Geodesics, Inc.	20090645
Baby shampoo	Dynarex	1396
Charge Cable	NEURIVE Co.	HV12303003
Computer	Apple	YM92704U4PC
Condutive eartip	NEURIVE Co.	HV12303003
Earset	NEURIVE Co.	HV12303003
EEG 64-channel cap	Electrical Geodesics, Inc.	H11333
Heart rate sensor	Polar	M311370175396
Monitor	Dell	REVA01
Net Amps 300	Electrical Geodesics, Inc.	A09370244
Peltier thermode	Advanced Medical Systems, Ramat Yishai, Isreal
Potassium Chloride (dry)	Electrical Geodesics, Inc.	820127755
Rally	Mass General Brigham Research		online platform
Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap)	Vanderbilt		web-based software platform
Thermosensory Stimulator	Medoc Ltd	1241
Transauricular vagus nerve stimulator	NEURIVE Co.	HV12303003