Name: colloidal synthesis of nanopatch antennas for applications in plasmonics and nanophotonics
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This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Young Investigator Research Program (AFOSR, Grant. No. FA9550-15-1-0301).

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The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.

銀ナノキューブは、化学的に以前に報告された合成法と同様の反応条件を用いて合成した。2,12,17-20この合成は、50〜100nmの範囲の辺の長さを有するナノキューブの製造を可能にします。例えば、2.5時間の典型的な加熱時間は、〜75nmでの辺の長さを有するナノキューブをもたらします。より長い合成時間（&gt; 3時間）がしかし、これはまた、短縮型ナ​​ノキューブまたは八面体のような異なる形状になることがあり、より大きなナノ粒子をもたらします。最終的な溶液を遠心分離し、脱イオン水に再懸濁し、そしてプラズモン共鳴散乱スペクトルにおいて顕著な変化なしに4℃で冷蔵庫で少なくとも1ヶ月間保存することができる。12 上記のプロトコルで提示プロセスからのAgナノ立方体の大きさや形状はRBF、そのキャップと攪拌子の洗浄だけでなく、EG液の品質に非常に敏感です。 Nanopartiこのような丸いまたは細長いナノ粒子のような形状の異なるクルは、おそらく合成におけるこれらのステップの1に問題があるという印です。したがって、1.1.1-1.1.4と1.2.1-1.2.2が非常に重要であるステップことをお勧めします。 単一nanopatchアンテナから収集した散乱スペクトルを図4bに650nmで強いプラズモン共鳴を示すが示されています。このような共振は、銀ナノキューブ、高品質のナノキューブによって可能となるAu膜との間のギャップ領域に優れたモード閉じ込めを示します。さらに、このようなスペクトルを得るために、それはまた、サンプルがクリーンであることが要求され、スペーサ層（PE層）は、均一な厚さを有しており、下層のAu膜が平滑です。強いプラズモン共鳴は、さらに、個々のnanopatchアンテナは暗視野像及び大きな蛍光図4Dに観察することができ、図4cに示されたデータによって確認されます増強は、ギャップ領域に位置するのCy5分子の観察されます。また、空気にさらされ、したがって、光学的測定は、サンプルが用意されている日に、または1〜3日以内に行われるべきであることが推奨されたときのAgナノキューブはPVPコーティングにもかかわらず、時間の経過とともに酸化していることに留意すべきです。酸化を最小限にするために、nanopatchアンテナサンプルは真空または窒素ガス中で保存されることをお勧めします。 本論文で提示された方法は、コロイド合成とレイヤーバイレイヤーディップコーティングプロセスを利用して、よく制御された寸法とするAgナノキューブとプラズモニックnanopatchアンテナの製造を可能にします。ナノ粒子の狭いサイズ分布を生成しながら、光学又は電子ビームリソグラフィのような他の技術と比較して、ここに提示技術は、低コスト、大規模生産のための可能性を提供します。 本論文でプラズモニックnanopatchアンテナはまたのための偉大な約束を保持しますデザインによる新たなナノ物質は、それらの巨視的な対応には存在しないかもしれないユニークな特性を示します。特に、これらのナノアンテナ30,000を超える埋め込 ​​まれた色素分子の過去最高蛍光増強を示した。千の12自然放出率の強化。超自然放出及び高い量子収率。13,14に加えて、エミッタはこれらnanopatchアンテナ外部の検出器または単一モードファイバへの結合が必要とされる用途のために重要である展示高指向性放出に結合することが示されています。ナノスケールのパッチアンテナの将来のアプリケーションは、発光ダイオードなどの超高速光電子デバイス、より高効率の光検出器及び光起電デバイス、センシング及び量子情報処理技術の範囲であり得る。12-14

近年では、コロイド状ナノ粒子の合成と高度な構造にこれらのアセンブリは、両方の研究と産業の発展に大きな関心を集めている。ナノ粒子の1-4コロイド合成は、優れたサイズの均一性、低コストなどを含むリソグラフィーで作製したナノ構造体の上にいくつかの利点を持っています大規模並列生産の可能性。 このような銀（Ag）及び金（Au）などの金属ナノ粒子は、局在表面プラズモンポラリトンをサポートし、回折限界よりもはるかに小さい体積に光を閉じ込める機能を有することができる。1,3-5生じる高電界強度を高めるローカルに作成光と物質の相互作用を可能にする状態密度は、ナノスケールで調整することができます。最近の努力は、三角形を含むサイズおよび形状の広い範囲でAg及びAuのナノ粒子を合成するための手順、4,6-ケージ、3,4及びロッドを実証していますここで説明するナノキューブに加えて、4,7,8。いくつかのAgやAuのnanocomponentsで構成されるナノ構造も合わせ特性を実証製作されてきた。1,9-11 ここでは、プラズモニックnanopatchアンテナを形成するために、基礎となるAu膜とこれらのAgナノキューブのカップルに、もっと重要なのAgナノキューブとを合成するための手順を示しています。銀ナノキューブとAu膜との間の距離は、高分子電解質スペーサ層の系列を用いて、約1 nmの分解能で制御することができます。また、プラズモニックnanopatchアンテナには、このような有機色素として、活性媒質を組み込む方法を示しています。ナノキューブとAu膜との間にギャップ領域で強く閉じ込められた電磁界のため、nanopatchアンテナが埋め込 ​​まれた色素分子の高度に強化された蛍光及び自然放出のために使用することができる。本論文で12,13方法が一般化することができます。他のエミッタに、SUCコロイド固体量子ドット14または二次元半導体材料15およびプラズモン共鳴ナノキューブの大きさや間隔を変えることにより、広いスペクトル範囲にわたって調整することができるように、H。

<table><tbody><tr><td colspan="4">&lt;strong&gt;Reagents&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>Ethylene glycol&amp;nbsp;</td><td>J.T. Baker</td><td>9300</td><td>Must be anhydrous</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium hydrosulfide hydrate&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>161527</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Poly vinylpyrrolidone&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>856568</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hydrochroric acid BDH ARISTAR PLUS</td><td>VWR International</td><td>7647-01-0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Silver trifluoroacetate&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>482307</td><td>Store in dark place</td></tr><tr><td>Acetone</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>48358</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nitric acid</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>7697-37-2</td><td>concentrated (70%), for cleaning</td></tr><tr><td>Poly(allylamine) hydrochloride (PAH)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>283215</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Polystyrene sulfonate&amp;nbsp; (PSS)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>561223</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Chloride&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Macron Inc.</td><td>7647</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sulfo-Cyanine5 carboxylic acid (Cy5)</td><td>Lumiprobe</td><td>13390</td><td>Fluorescent dye (molecular weight: 664.76 g/mol)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">&lt;strong&gt;Equipments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>Stirring hotplate with temperature control</td><td>VWR International</td><td>89000-338</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vortex mixers</td><td>VWR International</td><td>10153-834</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microcentrifuge</td><td>Thermoscientific</td><td>Model 59A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Silicone fluid&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>63148-62-9</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Micro-scale</td><td>Mettler Toledo</td><td>Model ML 104/03</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Electron-beam metal evaporator&amp;nbsp;</td><td>CHA Industries</td><td>E-beam evaporator</td><td>Located inside a clean room</td></tr><tr><td>Pre-cleaned glass slides</td><td>Schott North America, Inc.</td><td>Nexterion Glass B&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Clean room pre-cleaned</td></tr><tr><td>25-ml 24/40 round-bottom flask</td><td>VWR International</td><td>60002-290</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Magnetic stirring bar</td><td>VWR International</td><td>58948-116</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Micropipettes (1&amp;ndash;10&amp;nbsp;ml, 10&amp;ndash;100&amp;nbsp;ml and 100&amp;ndash;1,000&amp;nbsp;ml)</td><td>VWR International</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ultrasonic cleaning bath</td><td>Branson Ultrasonic</td><td>Model 1510R-DTH</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stopwatch</td><td>VWR International</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Eppendorf centrifugation tubes (1.5&amp;nbsp;ml)</td><td>VWR International</td><td>22364111</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Poly(propylene) coning tubes (50&amp;nbsp;ml)</td><td>VWR International</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Home built bright/darkfield microscope</td><td></td><td></td><td>75 W Xenon white light source, Nikon BF/DF 50X ELWD&lt;br/&gt; 0.55 NA, 8.2 mm WD objective, Nikon D90 digital camera, Acton 2300i spectrometer, Photometrics CoolSnap HQ charge coupled device (CCD) camera</td></tr><tr><td>He Ne laser (633&amp;nbsp;nm), 5&amp;nbsp;mW</td><td>Newport Corp.</td><td>R-30990</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Reflectance standard</td><td>Lab Sphere</td><td>Model SRS-99-010</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Laser long pass filter 633&amp;nbsp;nm</td><td>Semrock</td><td>LP02-633RU-25</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

colloidal synthesis of nanopatch antennas for applications in plasmonics and nanophotonics

私たちは、プラズモニックナノスケールのパッチアンテナを製造するために、コロイド銀ナノキューブの合成と滑らかな金膜との組み合わせでこれらを使用するための方法を提示します。これは、高分子電解質ポリマーの層ごとの堆積、すなわち、ポリ（アリルアミン）塩酸塩（PAH）とポリスチレンスルホン酸（PSS）を使用して、巨視的な面積にわたって十分に制御された厚さの薄膜を製造するための詳細な手順が含まれています。これらの高分子電解質スペーサ層は、銀ナノキューブと金膜の間に誘電体ギャップとして働きます。ナノキューブまたはギャップ厚さの大きさを制御することにより、プラズモン共鳴は、700nmの約500nmから調整することができます。次に、我々はnanopatchアンテナの誘電性ポリマーギャップ領域に有機スルホcyanine5カルボン酸（Cy5の）色素分子を組み込む方法を示しています。最後に、我々は、スペクトル励起エネルギー及びTでプラズモン共鳴を照合することによって、Cy5の色素の著しく増強された蛍光を示します彼は吸収ピークをCY5。ここに提示された方法は、コロイド合成、低コスト、大規模生産のための可能性のあるレイヤーバイレイヤーディップコーティング法を利用し、よく制御された寸法を有するプラズモンnanopatchアンテナの製造を可能にします。これらのnanopatchアンテナは、センシング、超高速光電子デバイスで、高効率の光検出器のための例えば、実用的なアプリケーションのための偉大な約束を保持します。

ここでは、サンプル構造のSEM像、nanopatchアンテナの収集および単nanopatchアンテナからの散乱スペクトルの反射率スペクトルを含むプラズモンnanopatchアンテナの特性の代表的な結果を示します。 nanopatchアンテナのプラズモン共鳴のエネルギー、 すなわちナノキューブのサイズ、誘電体ギャップ領域の厚さに依存し、PE層の数、ならびに誘電体材料。上記の手順では、我々は1-3 nmでの推定厚さのPVP層でコーティングされた75 nmであり、わずかに丸みを帯びた角（10 nmの曲率半径〜）の平均辺長とのAgナノキューブを得ました。 5 PE層と金膜との組み合わせでは、プラズモン共鳴のこの結果は、〜50nmの全幅で半最大（FWHM）で〜650 nmの中心。これにより、Tの吸収および発光波長で良好なスペクトルの重なりを有しています彼は、それぞれ、646および662 nmで中央に配置された分子をCy5で。 図3Aは、ナノキューブの高濃度試料のSEM画像を示します。これらのナノキューブは5 PE層とAu膜の上に堆積させました。このようなSEM画像は、ナノキューブの合成の全体的な品質を検証するために使用されます。ナノキューブの密度が高すぎるしかし、これらのサンプルは、さらに、光学測定のために利用されません。また、高密度のために、いくつかのナノキューブは、プラズモンnanopatchアンテナ構造を形成することが不可欠である表面上に存在しません。 図3Bは、ナノキューブの試料のSEM画像を1/10倍に希釈されたナノキューブの溶液を用いて製造示します。このサンプルはnanopatchアンテナの集合からの白色光の反射率を決定するために測定された測定のために使用され全体的なプラズモン共鳴。 図3Cに示すナノキューブの試料のSEM画像を1/100倍に希釈されたナノキューブの溶液を使用して製造しました。このサンプルは、個々nanopatchアンテナの測定を散乱するために使用されます。希釈されたナノキューブの溶液を使用すると、小さなピンホールを使用して像面に空間的に単離されたことが個人nanopatchアンテナを可能にします。 図4Aは、 図3BのSEM像に示すものに類似した試料から測定白色光の背景と正規化、後に、反射率スペクトルを示す。 図4Bは、に示すサンプルに似た単一nanopatchアンテナからの散乱スペクトルを示しています図3CでのSEM像。 図4Cは、10分の1により調製（nanopatchアンテナ試料の暗視野像を示しますニコンD90デジタルカメラで撮影した5 PE層を金膜上に分散0希釈ナノキューブ溶液）。観察された明るい赤のドットは、個々のnanopatchアンテナからの白色光の散乱によるものです。いくつかのスポットは異なるサイズまたは非立方体形状の大きいナノ粒子とナノキューブの結果である、赤以外の色を有することが観察されています。 図4Dは、制御PE層の同じ番号のスライドガラスからなるサンプル及びCy5の濃度から二つの蛍光スペクトル、（ 図3Cに示すようなサンプルから）単nanopatchアンテナから測定したもの及びその他を示します色素分子。 nanopatchアンテナに結合されたCy5の分子からの蛍光強度は、スライドガラス上よりもはるかに強いです。これは、強化された励起速度ならびに変性放射パターンと色素分子の増大した量子効率が得られる。1<html> 2、励起スポットサイズのナノキューブの下の領域を分割することにより単位面積当たりのバックグラウンド蛍光と正規化のために12を修正した後、我々は、図4（d）に示すデータから、〜12,000の増強因子を得ます。この増強因子は、非放射損失を増加させ、原因代わりにAg膜の金の使用30,000〜12可能性が高いの以前に報告された値と比較して小さくなっています。 <img alt="図1" src="/files/ftp_upload/53876/53876fig1.jpg" /> 銀ナノキューブの合成のための図1.機器のセットアップ。（A）温度制御と撹拌し、ホットプレートの上に加熱浴を示す機器のセットアップの写真。 （B）合成中にナノキューブ溶液を含む丸底フラスコ（RBF）のクローズアップ。セットアップは、適切な換気とヒュームフードの内側に位置しています。TPS：//www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/53876/53876fig1large.jpg &quot;ターゲット=&quot; _空白 &quot;&gt;この図の拡大版をご覧になるにはこちらをクリックしてください。 <img alt="図2" src="/files/ftp_upload/53876/53876fig2.jpg" /> 図2.ナノキューブ・ソリューションの写真。2.5時間の合成後の（A）ナノキューブ溶液および（B）小さいチューブに移した後、脱イオン水に再懸濁した。 <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/53876/53876fig2large.jpg" target="_blank">この図の拡大版をご覧になるにはこちらをクリックしてください。 。</a> <img alt="図3" src="/files/ftp_upload/53876/53876fig3highres.jpg" width="700" /> 銀ナノキューブの 図3. SEMの特徴付け（A）濃縮ナノキューブサンプルのSEM像、（B）で希釈（1/10）ナノキューブサンプル、および（C）希釈した（1/100）ナノキューブサンプル。 <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/53876/53876fig3highres.jpg" target="_blank">この図の拡大版をご覧になるにはこちらをクリックしてください。</a> <img alt="図4" src="/files/ftp_upload/53876/53876fig4highres.jpg" width="700" /> nanopatchアンテナの 図4 の光学特性評価。nanopatchアンテナの集合から測定（A）正規化された反射スペクトル（非希釈ナノキューブ溶液）。単一nanopatchアンテナから（B）散乱スペクトル（1/100希釈ナノキューブ溶液）。 （C）白色光照明下で撮影されたnanopatchアンテナサンプル（1/100希釈ナノキューブ溶液）の暗視野像。明るい赤い点は、個々のプラズモニックnanopatchアンテナに相当します。埋め込 ​​みのCy5色素分子から（D）蛍光Cy5色素（黒い破線）の同一濃度のガラススライドからのものと比較してnanopatchアンテナ（赤実線）にDED。 <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/53876/53876fig4highres.jpg" target="_blank">この図の拡大版をご覧になるにはこちらをクリックしてください。</a>

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Colloidal Synthesis of Nanopatch Antennas for Applications in Plasmonics and Nanophotonics at JoVE.com

Colloidal Synthesis of Nanopatch Antennas for Applications in Plasmonics and Nanophotonics

銀ナノキューブサブ10nmのギャップを有するプラズモンナノスケールのパッチアンテナの製造のコロイド合成のためのプロトコルが提供されます。

プラズモニクスとナノフォトニクスでのアプリケーションのためのNanopatchアンテナのコロイド合成

We present a method for colloidal synthesis of silver nanocubes and the use of these in combination with a smooth gold film, to fabricate plasmonic ...

colloidal-synthesis-nanopatch-antennas-for-applications-plasmonics

Nanyang Technological University

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

11.1K ビュー.  Duke University. 銀ナノキューブサブ10nmのギャップを有するプラズモンナノスケールのパッチアンテナの製造のコロイド合成のためのプロトコルが提供されます。 

ビデオ: Colloidal Synthesis of Nanopatch Antennas for Applications in Plasmonics and Nanophotonics

Template Directed Synthesis of Plasmonic Gold Nanotubes with Tunable IR Absorbance

A nearly parallel array of pores can be produced by anodizing aluminum foils in acidic environments1, 2. Applications of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes have been under development since the 1990's and have become a common method to template the synthesis of high aspect ratio nanostructures, mostly by electrochemical growth or pore-wetting. Recently, these membranes have become commercially available in a wide range of pore sizes and densities, leading to an extensive library of functional nanostructures being synthesized from AAO membranes. These include composite nanorods, nanowires and nanotubes made of metals, inorganic materials or polymers 3-10. Nanoporous membranes have been used to synthesize nanoparticle and nanotube arrays that perform well as refractive index sensors, plasmonic biosensors, or surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates 11-16, as well as a wide range of other fields such as photo-thermal heating 17, permselective transport 18, 19, catalysis 20, microfluidics 21, and electrochemical sensing 22, 23. Here, we report a novel procedure to prepare gold nanotubes in AAO membranes. Hollow nanostructures have potential application in plasmonic and SERS sensing, and we anticipate these gold nanotubes will allow for high sensitivity and strong plasmon signals, arising from decreased material dampening 15.

Solution-suspendable gold nanotubes with controlled dimensions can be synthesized by electrochemical deposition in porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes using a hydrophobic polymer core. Gold nanotubes and nanotube arrays hold promise for applications in plasmonic biosensing, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, photo-thermal heating, ionic and molecular transport, microfluidics, catalysis and electrochemical sensing.

テンプレートには、調整可能な赤外線吸光度モニック金ナノチューブの合成を監督

A nearly parallel array of pores can be produced by anodizing aluminum foils in acidic environments1, 2. Applications of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) ...

化学

A Technique to Functionalize and Self-assemble Macroscopic Nanoparticle-ligand Monolayer Films onto Template-free Substrates

This protocol describes a self-assembly technique to create macroscopic monolayer films composed of ligand-coated nanoparticles1,2. The simple, robust and scalable technique efficiently functionalizes metallic nanoparticles with thiol-ligands in a miscible water/organic solvent mixture allowing for rapid grafting of thiol groups onto the gold nanoparticle surface. The hydrophobic ligands on the nanoparticles then quickly phase separate the nanoparticles from the aqueous based suspension and confine them to the air-fluid interface. This drives the ligand-capped nanoparticles to form monolayer domains at the air-fluid interface.&#160; The use of water-miscible organic solvents is important as it enables the transport of the nanoparticles from the interface onto template-free substrates.&#160; The flow is mediated by a surface tension gradient3,4 and creates macroscopic, high-density, monolayer nanoparticle-ligand films.&#160; This self-assembly technique may be generalized to include the use of particles of different compositions, size, and shape and may lead to an efficient assembly method to produce low-cost, macroscopic, high-density, monolayer nanoparticle films for wide-spread applications.

A simple, robust and scalable technique to functionalize and self-assemble macroscopic nanoparticle-ligand monolayer films onto template-free substrates is described in this protocol.

テンプレート·フリー基板上に巨視的粒子 - リガンド単層フィルムを官能して自己組織化するための技術

This protocol describes a self-assembly technique to create macroscopic monolayer films composed of ligand-coated nanoparticles1,2. The simple, robust and ...

Evaluating Plasmonic Transport in Current-carrying Silver Nanowires

Plasmonics is an emerging technology capable of simultaneously transporting a plasmonic signal and an electronic signal on the same information support1,2,3. In this context, metal nanowires are especially desirable for realizing dense routing networks4. A prerequisite to operate such shared nanowire-based platform relies on our ability to electrically contact individual metal nanowires and efficiently excite surface plasmon polaritons5 in this information support. In this article, we describe a protocol to bring electrical terminals to chemically-synthesized silver nanowires6 randomly distributed on a glass substrate7. The positions of the nanowire ends with respect to predefined landmarks are precisely located using standard optical transmission microscopy before encapsulation in an electron-sensitive resist. Trenches representing the electrode layout are subsequently designed by electron-beam lithography. Metal electrodes are then fabricated by thermally evaporating a Cr/Au layer followed by a chemical lift-off. The contacted silver nanowires are finally transferred to a leakage radiation microscope for surface plasmon excitation and characterization8,9. Surface plasmons are launched in the nanowires by focusing a near infrared laser beam on a diffraction-limited spot overlapping one nanowire extremity5,9. For sufficiently large nanowires, the surface plasmon mode leaks into the glass substrate9,10. This leakage radiation is readily detected, imaged, and analyzed in the different conjugate planes in leakage radiation microscopy9,11. The electrical terminals do not affect the plasmon propagation. However, a current-induced morphological deterioration of the nanowire drastically degrades the flow of surface plasmons. The combination of surface plasmon leakage radiation microscopy with a simultaneous analysis of the nanowire electrical transport characteristics reveals the intrinsic limitations of such plasmonic circuitry.

Silver nanowires can simultaneously transport electrons and optical information in the form of surface plasmons. A procedure is described here to realize such a shared circuitry and the limitations at propagating both information carriers are evaluated.

Plasmonics is an emerging technology capable of simultaneously transporting a plasmonic signal and an electronic signal on the same information ...

工学

Utilization of Plasmonic and Photonic Crystal Nanostructures for Enhanced Micro- and Nanoparticle Manipulation

A method to manipulate the position and orientation of submicron particles nondestructively would be an incredibly useful tool for basic biological research. Perhaps the most widely used physical force to achieve noninvasive manipulation of small particles has been dielectrophoresis(DEP).1 However, DEP on its own lacks the versatility and precision that are desired when manipulating cells since it is traditionally done with stationary electrodes. Optical tweezers, which utilize a three dimensional electromagnetic field gradient to exert forces on small particles, achieve this desired versatility and precision.2 However, a major drawback of this approach is the high radiation intensity required to achieve the necessary force to trap a particle which can damage biological samples.3 A solution that allows trapping and sorting with lower optical intensities are optoelectronic tweezers (OET) but OET's have limitations with fine manipulation of small particles; being DEP-based technology also puts constraint on the property of the solution.4,5
This video article will describe two methods that decrease the intensity of the radiation needed for optical manipulation of living cells and also describe a method for orientation control. The first method is plasmonic tweezers which use a random gold nanoparticle (AuNP) array as a substrate for the sample as shown in Figure 1. The AuNP array converts the incident photons into localized surface plasmons (LSP) which consist of resonant dipole moments that radiate and generate a patterned radiation field with a large gradient in the cell solution. Initial work on surface plasmon enhanced trapping by Righini et al and our own modeling have shown the fields generated by the plasmonic substrate reduce the initial intensity required by enhancing the gradient field that traps the particle.6,7,8 The plasmonic approach allows for fine orientation control of ellipsoidal particles and cells with low optical intensities because of more efficient optical energy conversion into mechanical energy and a dipole-dependent radiation field. These fields are shown in figure 2 and the low trapping intensities are detailed in figures 4 and 5. The main problems with plasmonic tweezers are that the LSP's generate a considerable amount of heat and the trapping is only two dimensional. This heat generates convective flows and thermophoresis which can be powerful enough to expel submicron particles from the trap.9,10 The second approach that we will describe is utilizing periodic dielectric nanostructures to scatter incident light very efficiently into diffraction modes, as shown in figure 6.11 Ideally, one would make this structure out of a dielectric material to avoid the same heating problems experienced with the plasmonic tweezers but in our approach an aluminum-coated diffraction grating is used as a one-dimensional periodic dielectric nanostructure. Although it is not a semiconductor, it did not experience significant heating and effectively trapped small particles with low trapping intensities, as shown in figure 7. Alignment of particles with the grating substrate conceptually validates the proposition that a 2-D photonic crystal could allow precise rotation of non-spherical micron sized particles.10 The efficiencies of these optical traps are increased due to the enhanced fields produced by the nanostructures described in this paper.

Plasmonic tweezers and photonic crystal nanostructures are shown to produce useful enhancements in the efficiency and orientation control of optically trapping micro- and nano-particles.

強化されたマイクロおよびナノ操作のためのプラズモニックとフォトニック結晶ナノ構造の利用

A method to manipulate the position and orientation of submicron particles nondestructively would be an incredibly useful tool for basic biological ...

生物工学

Synthesis of Immunotargeted Magneto-plasmonic Nanoclusters

Magnetic and plasmonic properties combined in a single nanoparticle provide a synergy that is advantageous in a number of biomedical applications including contrast enhancement in novel magnetomotive imaging modalities, simultaneous capture&#160;and detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs),&#160;and multimodal molecular imaging combined with photothermal therapy of cancer cells. These applications have stimulated significant interest in development of protocols for synthesis of magneto-plasmonic nanoparticles with optical absorbance in the near-infrared (NIR) region and a strong magnetic moment. Here, we present a novel protocol for synthesis of such hybrid nanoparticles that is based on an oil-in-water microemulsion method. The unique feature of the protocol described herein is synthesis of magneto-plasmonic nanoparticles of various sizes from primary blocks which also have magneto-plasmonic characteristics. This approach yields nanoparticles with a high density of magnetic and plasmonic functionalities which are uniformly distributed throughout the nanoparticle volume. The hybrid nanoparticles can be easily functionalized by attaching antibodies through the Fc moiety leaving the Fab portion that is responsible for antigen binding available for targeting.

Here, we describe a protocol for synthesis of magneto-plasmonic nanoparticles with a strong magnetic moment and a strong near-infrared (NIR) absorbance. The protocol also includes antibody conjugation to the nanoparticles through the Fc moiety for various biomedical applications which require molecular specific targeting.

Immunotargeted磁気プラズモニックナノクラスターの合成

Magnetic and plasmonic properties combined in a single nanoparticle provide a synergy that is advantageous in a number of biomedical applications ...

Using Polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid)-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization

We present a template-free method for &#8220;polymerizing&#8221; nanoparticles into long chains without side branches. A variety of nanoparticles are encapsulated in polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid) (PSPAA) shells and then used as monomers for their self-assembly. Spherical PSPAA micelles upon acid treatment are known to assemble into cylindrical micelles. Exploiting this tendency, the core-shell nanoparticles are induced to aggregate, coalesce, and then transform into long chains. When more than one type of nanoparticles are used, random and block &#8220;copolymers&#8221; of nanoparticles can be obtained. Detailed procedures are reported for the PSPAA encapsulation of nanoparticles, homo- and co-polymerization of the core-shell nanoparticles, separation and purification of the resulting nanoparticle chains. Transformations of single-line chains into double- and triple-line chains are also presented. The synergy between the polymer shell and the embedded nanoparticles leads to an unusual chain-growth polymerization mode, giving long nanoparticle chains that are distinct from the products of the traditional step-growth aggregation process.

Using Polystyrene-block-polyacrylic acid-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization

We report protocols for &#8220;polymerizing&#8221; various types of polymer-encapsulated metal nanoparticles into long chains of &#8220;homo-&#8220; and &#8220;co-polymers&#8221;.

ポリスチレンを使用しました<em&gt;ブロック</em&gt; - ポリ（アクリル酸）は、それらのホモポリマーおよび共重合用単量体として金属ナノ粒子をコーティングを採用

We present a template-free method for &#8220;polymerizing&#8221; nanoparticles into long chains without side branches. A variety of nanoparticles are ...

Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization of Hybrid Au/CdS and Au/ZnS Core/Shell Nanoparticles

Plasmonic nanoparticles are an attractive material for light harvesting applications due to their easily modified surface, high surface area and large extinction coefficients which can be tuned across the visible spectrum. Research into the plasmonic enhancement of optical transitions has become popular, due to the possibility of altering and in some cases improving photo-absorption or emission properties of nearby chromophores such as molecular dyes or quantum dots. The electric field of the plasmon can couple with the excitation dipole of a chromophore, perturbing the electronic states involved in the transition and leading to increased absorption and emission rates. These enhancements can also be negated at close distances by energy transfer mechanism, making the spatial arrangement of the two species critical. Ultimately, enhancement of light harvesting efficiency in plasmonic solar cells could lead to thinner and, therefore, lower cost devices. The development of hybrid core/shell particles could offer a solution to this issue. The addition of a dielectric spacer between a gold nanoparticles and a chromophore is the proposed method to control the exciton plasmon coupling strength and thereby balance losses with the plasmonic gains. A detailed procedure for the coating of gold nanoparticles with CdS and ZnS semiconductor shells is presented. The nanoparticles show high uniformity with size control in both the core gold particles and shell species allowing for a more accurate investigation into the plasmonic enhancement of external chromophores.

The synthesis of uniform gold nanoparticles coated with semiconductor shells of CdS or ZnS is performed. The semiconductor coating is conducted by first depositing a silver sulfide shell and exchanging the silver cations for zinc or cadmium cations.

合成、キャラクタリゼーション、およびハイブリッドのAu / CdSのとAu / ZnSのコア/シェルナノ粒子の機能化

Plasmonic nanoparticles are an attractive material for light harvesting applications due to their easily modified surface, high surface area and large ...

Fabrication of Periodic Gold Nanocup Arrays Using Colloidal Lithography

Within recent years, the field of plasmonics has exploded as researchers have demonstrated exciting applications related to chemical and optical sensing in combination with new nanofabrication techniques. A plasmon is a quantum of charge density oscillation that lends nanoscale metals such as gold and silver unique optical properties. In particular, gold and silver nanoparticles exhibit localized surface plasmon resonances-collective charge density oscillations on the surface of the nanoparticle-in the visible spectrum. Here, we focus on the fabrication of periodic arrays of anisotropic plasmonic nanostructures. These half-shell (or nanocup) structures can exhibit additional unique light-bending and polarization-dependent optical properties that simple isotropic nanostructures cannot. Researchers are interested in the fabrication of periodic arrays of nanocups for a wide variety of applications such as low-cost optical devices, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and tamper indication. We present a scalable technique based on colloidal lithography in which it is possible to easily fabricate large periodic arrays of nanocups using spin-coating and self-assembled commercially available polymeric nanospheres. Electron microscopy and optical spectroscopy from the visible to near-infrared (near-IR) was performed to confirm successful nanocup fabrication. We conclude with a demonstration of the transfer of nanocups to a flexible, conformal adhesive film.

We demonstrate the fabrication of periodic gold nanocup arrays using colloidal lithographic techniques and discuss the importance of nanoplasmonic films.

コロイド リソグラフィーを用いた定期的な金 Nanocup アレイの試作

Within recent years, the field of plasmonics has exploded as researchers have demonstrated exciting applications related to chemical and optical sensing ...

Photodeposition of Pd onto Colloidal Au Nanorods by Surface Plasmon Excitation

A protocol is described to photocatalytically guide Pd deposition onto Au nanorods (AuNR) using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Excited plasmonic hot electrons upon SPR irradiation drive reductive deposition of Pd on colloidal AuNR in the presence of [PdCl4]2-. Plasmon-driven reduction of secondary metals potentiates covalent, sub-wavelength deposition at targeted locations coinciding with electric field &#8220;hot-spots&#8221; of the plasmonic substrate using an external field (e.g., laser). The process described herein details a solution-phase deposition of a catalytically-active noble metal (Pd) from a transition metal halide salt (H2PdCl4) onto aqueously-suspended, anisotropic plasmonic structures (AuNR). The solution-phase process is amenable to making other bimetallic architectures. Transmission UV-vis monitoring of the photochemical reaction, coupled with ex situ XPS and statistical TEM analysis, provide immediate experimental feedback to evaluate properties of the bimetallic structures as they evolve during the photocatalytic reaction. Resonant plasmon irradiation of AuNR in the presence of [PdCl4]2- creates a thin, covalently-bound Pd0 shell without any significant dampening effect on its plasmonic behavior in this representative experiment/batch. Overall, plasmonic photodeposition offers an alternative route for high-volume, economical synthesis of optoelectronic materials with sub-5 nm features (e.g., heterometallic photocatalysts or optoelectronic interconnects).

A protocol for anisotropic photodeposition of Pd onto aqueously-suspended Au nanorods via localized surface plasmon excitation is presented.

表面プラズモン励起によるコロイドAuナノロッドへのPdの光堆積

A protocol is described to photocatalytically guide Pd deposition onto Au nanorods (AuNR) using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Excited plasmonic hot ...

Preparation of Silver-Palladium Alloyed Nanoparticles for Plasmonic Catalysis under Visible-Light Illumination

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) can accelerate and control the selectivity of a variety of molecular transformations. This opens possibilities for the use of visible or near-IR light as a sustainable input to drive and control reactions when plasmonic nanoparticles supporting LSPR excitation in these ranges are employed as catalysts. Unfortunately, this is not the case for several catalytic metals such as palladium (Pd). One strategy to overcome this limitation is to employ bimetallic NPs containing plasmonic and catalytic metals. In this case, the LSPR excitation in the plasmonic metal can contribute to accelerate and control transformations driven by the catalytic component. The method reported herein focuses on the synthesis of bimetallic silver-palladium (Ag-Pd) NPs supported on ZrO2 (Ag-Pd/ZrO2) that acts as a plasmonic-catalytic system. The NPs were prepared by co-impregnation of corresponding metal precursors on the ZrO2 support followed by simultaneous reduction leading to the formation of bimetallic NPs directly on the ZrO2 support. The Ag-Pd/ZrO2 NPs were then used as plasmonic catalysts for the reduction of nitrobenzene under 425 nm illumination by LED lamps. Using gas chromatography (GC), the conversion and selectivity of the reduction reaction under the dark and light irradiation conditions can be monitored, demonstrating the enhanced catalytic performance and control over selectivity under LSPR excitation after alloying non-plasmonic Pd with plasmonic metal Ag. This technique can be adapted to a wide range of molecular transformations and NPs compositions, making it useful for the characterization of the plasmonic catalytic activity of different types of catalysis in terms of conversion and selectivity.

Presented here is a protocol for the synthesis of silver-palladium (Ag-Pd) alloy nanoparticles (NPs) supported on ZrO2 (Ag-Pd/ZrO2). This system allows for harvesting energy from visible light irradiation to accelerate and control molecular transformations. This is illustrated by nitrobenzene reduction under light irradiation catalyzed by Ag-Pd/ZrO2 NPs.

プラズモニクスとナノフォトニクスでのアプリケーションのためのNanopatchアンテナのコロイド合成

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この動画の章

テンプレートには、調整可能な赤外線吸光度モニック金ナノチューブの合成を監督

テンプレート·フリー基板上に巨視的粒子 - リガンド単層フィルムを官能して自己組織化するための技術

Evaluating Plasmonic Transport in Current-carrying Silver Nanowires

強化されたマイクロおよびナノ操作のためのプラズモニックとフォトニック結晶ナノ構造の利用

Immunotargeted磁気プラズモニックナノクラスターの合成

ポリスチレンを使用しました

合成、キャラクタリゼーション、およびハイブリッドのAu / CdSのとAu / ZnSのコア/シェルナノ粒子の機能化

コロイドリソグラフィーを用いた定期的な金 Nanocup アレイの試作

表面プラズモン励起によるコロイドAuナノロッドへのPdの光堆積

可視光照明下におけるプラスモニック触媒のための銀パラジウム合金ナノ粒子の調製

プラズモニクスとナノフォトニクスでのアプリケーションのためのNanopatchアンテナのコロイド合成

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

テンプレートには、調整可能な赤外線吸光度モニック金ナノチューブの合成を監督

テンプレート·フリー基板上に巨視的粒子 - リガンド単層フィルムを官能して自己組織化するための技術

Evaluating Plasmonic Transport in Current-carrying Silver Nanowires

強化されたマイクロおよびナノ操作のためのプラズモニックとフォトニック結晶ナノ構造の利用

Immunotargeted磁気プラズモニックナノクラスターの合成

ポリスチレンを使用しました

合成、キャラクタリゼーション、およびハイブリッドのAu / CdSのとAu / ZnSのコア/シェルナノ粒子の機能化

コロイド リソグラフィーを用いた定期的な金 Nanocup アレイの試作

表面プラズモン励起によるコロイドAuナノロッドへのPdの光堆積

可視光照明下におけるプラスモニック触媒のための銀パラジウム合金ナノ粒子の調製

コロイドリソグラフィーを用いた定期的な金 Nanocup アレイの試作