mycobacterial antigen preparation

자가면역뇌척수염에서 Mycobacterium paratuberculosis에 의한 면역원성 향상

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a common model for the study of human demyelinating disorders1. There are several models of EAE: active immunization using different myelin peptides in combination with potent adjuvants, passive immunization by in vitro transfer of myelin-specific CD4+ lymphocytes, and transgenic models of spontaneous EAE2. Each of these models has specific features that allow different aspects of EAE to be studied, such as the onset, effector phase, or chronic phase. The myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) model of EAE is a good model to study the immune-mediated mechanisms of chronic neuroinflammation and demyelination, as it is characterized by mononuclear inflammatory infiltration, demyelination in peripheral white matter, and reduced recovery after the disease peak1.
MOG-EAE is induced by immunization of susceptible mice with the peptide MOG35-55 in complete Freund&#39;s adjuvant (CFA), followed by an intraperitoneal injection of pertussis toxin. This increases the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and allows myelin-specific T-cells activated in the periphery to reach the central nervous system (CNS), where they will be reactivated3. CFA plays a key role in the induction of EAE by enhancing the antigen uptake by antigen-presenting cells and the expression of cytokines related to humoral- and cell-mediated responses4. This mechanism is mainly due to the presence of killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis emulsified in oil, the components of which provide a strong stimulus for the immune system5. In fact, the induction of EAE is directly related to the amount of mycobacterium present during the antigenic challenge6.
The addition of other killed mycobacteria, such as Mycobacterium butyricum, to incomplete Freund&#39;s adjuvant7, as well as the effect of adjuvant combinations8, can modulate the clinical course of EAE and consequently influence the reproducibility of the results. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), the etiologic agent of Johne&#39;s disease in ruminants, has been associated with inflammatory disorders of the human CNS9, as its antigenic components are capable of eliciting a strong humoral- and cell-mediated response in patients with multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder9. Therefore, in this protocol, we show an alternative and reproducible method to induce MOG-EAE by replacing M. tuberculosis in CFA with M. paratuberculosis.

저자 스포트라이트: 실험적 자가면역 뇌척수염 중 자가항원의 면역원성 향상에 대한 Mycobacterium paratuberculosis의 보조 활성  

실험적 자가면역 뇌척수염 동안 자가항원의 면역원성을 향상시키는 Mycobacterium paratuberculosis 의 보조 활성

We studied the pathogenesis of several neurological diseases with new techniques developed by our experts to improve treatment for patient with movement disorders who have interactive diseases. Part of our research focuses on the role of pathogens and the etiology of new inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis or NMOSD, which are characterized by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Various pathogens have been associated with these diseases, although their role is unclear.We found that antigenic components of Mycobacterium avian cell species paratuberculosis can elicit a strong humoral and cell-mediated response in patient with multiple sclerosis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Mycobacteria provide inset autogenic potential by acting on the gut immune brain axis in the EAE model. We identified Mycobacterium paratuberculosis as a potent adjuvant candidate in the induction of active EAE, which resulted in a more severe disease than that induced by inactivated Mycobacterium tuberculosis.This difference could be because Mycobacterium paratuberculosis produces a lipo pentapeptide antigen on the cell wall surface instead of glycopeptide lipids. One of the goals of our future research is to elucidate the crosstalk between the immune response of the peripheral and central nervous system, and to understand the mechanism of infection-mediated neuroinflammation. For this, we were developing unique genetics model of neuroinflammations.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Mycobacterial Antigen Preparation at JoVE.com

Mycobacterial Antigen Preparation  

마이코박테리아 항원 준비

섭씨 37도에서 2주 동안 농축 배지가 들어 있는 T25 플라스크에서 mycobacterium paratuberculosis K-10 균주를 성장시키는 것으로 시작합니다. 육안 검사를 통해 정기적으로 식민지 성장을 평가하십시오. 1주일 동안 진탕 인큐베이터에서 500밀리리터 삼각 플라스크에서 농축 배양액 200ml를 성장시킵니다.박테리아 현탁액을 섭씨 70도에서 5-10분 동안 두어 비활성화하고 3000G에서 10분 동안 원심분리합니다. 펠릿을 20 밀리리터의 PBS로 2회 세척하고 현탁액을 원심분리한다. 펠렛을 멸균 용기에 옮기고 액체 질소로 동결시킵니다.냉동된 펠릿을 즉시 동결건조기 챔버로 옮깁니다. 동결건조 후 바이오 클리닝 벤치로 옮긴다. 스테인리스 스틸 주걱을 사용하여 용기의 내벽에 부착된 건조된 MAP 덩어리를 제거하고 미세한 분말로 분쇄합니다.분쇄된 세포의 무게를 측정하고 수동으로 무균 10밀리리터 바이알에 넣습니다.

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Mycobacterial Antigen Preparation

265 조회수.  Juntendo University. 섭씨 37도에서 2주 동안 농축 배지가 들어 있는 T25 플라스크에서 mycobacterium paratuberculosis K-10 균주를 성장시키는 것으로 시작합니다. 육안 검사를 통해 정기적으로 식민지 성장을 평가하십시오. 1주일 동안 진탕 인큐베이터에서 500밀리리터 삼각 플라스크에서 농축 배양액 200ml를 성장시킵니다.박테리아 현탁액을 섭씨 70도에서 5-10분 동안 두어 비활성화하고 3000G에서 10분 ?...

비디오: Mycobacterial Antigen Preparation  

Adjuvant Activity of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in Enhancing the Immunogenicity of Autoantigens During Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) requires immunization by a MOG peptide emulsified in complete Freund&#39;s adjuvant (CFA) containing inactivated Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The antigenic components of the mycobacterium activate dendritic cells to stimulate T-cells to produce cytokines that promote the Th1 response via toll-like receptors. Therefore, the amount and species of mycobacteria present during the antigenic challenge are directly related to the development of EAE. This methods paper presents an alternative protocol to induce EAE in C57BL/6 mice using a modified incomplete Freund&#39;s adjuvant containing the heat-killed Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis strain K-10.
M. paratuberculosis, a member of the Mycobacterium avium complex, is the causative agent of Johne&#39;s disease in ruminants and has been identified as a risk factor for several human T-cell-mediated disorders, including multiple sclerosis. Overall, mice immunized with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis showed earlier onset and greater disease severity than mice immunized with CFA containing the strain of M. tuberculosis H37Ra at the same doses of 4 mg/mL. The antigenic determinants of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP)&#160;strain K-10 were able to induce a strong Th1 cellular response during the effector phase, characterized by significantly higher numbers of T-lymphocytes (CD4+ CD27+), dendritic cells (CD11c+ I-A/I-E+), and monocytes (CD11b+ CD115+) in the spleen compared to mice immunized with CFA. Furthermore, the proliferative T-cell response to the MOG peptide appeared to be highest in M. paratuberculosis-immunized mice. The use of an encephalitogen (e.g., MOG35-55) emulsified in an adjuvant containing M. paratuberculosis in the formulation may be an alternative and validated method to activate dendritic cells for priming myelin epitope-specific CD4+ T-cells during the induction phase of EAE.

Here, we present an alternative protocol to actively induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 mice, using the immunogenic epitope myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35-55 suspended in incomplete Freund's adjuvant containing the heat-killed Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis.

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) requires immunization by a MOG peptide emulsified in ...

연구

면역학 및 감염병학

Begin by growing mycobacterium paratuberculosis K-10 strain in T25 flasks containing enriched medium for two weeks at 37 degrees Celsius. Assess the colony growth regularly through visual inspection. Grow 200 milliliters of the enrichment culture in a 500 milliliter erlenmeyer flask in a shaking incubator for one week.Place the bacterial suspensions at 70 degrees Celsius for five to 10 minutes to inactivate them and centrifuge them at 3000G for 10 minutes. Wash the pellets in 20 milliliters of PBS twice and centrifuge the suspension. Transfer the pellet to a sterile container and freeze it with liquid nitrogen.Transfer the frozen pellet to a lyophilizer chamber immediately. After lyophilization transfer it to a bio cleaning bench. Using a stainless steel spatula dislodge the dried MAP lumps adhering to the inner walls of the container and pulverize them to a fine powder.Weigh the pulverized cells and manually place them in an aseptic 10 milliliter vial.

Preparation and Injection of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG35-55) Emulsion

Preparation and Injection of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG35-55) Emulsion  

Begin by grinding 10 milligrams of freeze-dried Mycobacterium paratuberculosis to a fine powder using a mortar and pestle. Add five milliliters of Incomplete Freund's adjuvant to obtain a 10 milligram per milliliter stock solution. Store the stock at minus four degrees Celsius.Before immunization, dilute the stock solution. Then, dilute the MOG 35-55 peptide to two milligrams per milliliter and store it at minus 20 degrees Celsius. Mix equal volumes of the MOG 35-55 with the adjuvant in a five milliliter tube with a homogenizer until a thick emulsion is formed.After every 10 seconds of mixing, place the solution on ice for 20 seconds and spin the tube to recover all the solution. Transfer the emulsion into a one milliliter syringe, ensuring it is free of air bubbles. Then, fit it with a 27-gauge needle.Subcutaneously, inject 200 microliters of the emulsion into the lower back of an anesthetized mouse. Then, intraperitoneally inject a dose of pertussis toxin on day zero and two after immunization. All mice manifested an acute monophasic disease, characterized by a single peak of disability observed at 14 to 17 days, followed by a partial recovery of symptoms over the next 10 days.Mice immunized with M.paratuberculosis showed an earlier onset after immunization and greater severity in the acute phase. Both groups demonstrated similar body weights. Proliferation assay with titrated thymidine incorporation performed on the EAE mice spleen cells showed a strong proliferative response to the peptide MOG 35-55, but not to ovalbumin.Cytofluorometric analysis showed increased T-lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and monocytes in the spleen of M.paratuberculosis-immunized EAE mice compared to CFA-immunized mice. Hematoxylin and and eosin tissue analysis revealed typical paravascular and meningeal mononuclear inflammatory infiltration in the brain and spinal cord.