Name: application of end-to-end anastomosis in robotic central pancreatectomy
Uploaded: 2018-06-02T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Application of End-to-end Anastomosis in Robotic Central Pancreatectomy at JoVE.com

The authors have no acknowledgments.

Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for the publication of this report and any accompanying videos and images.
1. Preoperative Preparation
<ol>
	<li>Carefully evaluate the preoperative images of CT or MRI for the exact location of the tumor and its relation to the surrounding tissues.</li>
	<li>Give the patient a soft diet one day before the operation and begin fasting at midnight before the operation.</li>
	<li>Place the patient on the operating table. Then, place a perip...

<ol>
	<li>Goudard, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reappraisal+of+central+pancreatectomy+a+12-year+single-center+experience.">Reappraisal of central pancreatectomy a 12-year single-center experience.</a> JAMA Surg. 149 (4), 356-363 (2014).</li><li>Iacono, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Systematic+review+of+central+pancreatectomy+and+meta-analysis+of+central+versus+distal+pancreatectomy.">Systematic review of central pancreatectomy and meta-analysis of central versus distal pancreatectomy.</a> Br J Surg. 100 (7), 873-885 (2013).</li><li>Sperti, C., Beltrame, V., Milanetto, A. C., Moro, M., Pedrazzoli, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Parenchyma-sparing+pancreatectomies+for+benign+or+border-line+tumors+of+the+pancreas.">Parenchyma-sparing pancreatectomies for benign or border-line tumors of the pancreas.</a> World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology. 2 (6), 272-281 (2010).</li><li>Kim, D. H., Kang, C. M., Lee, W. J., Chi, H. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Robotic+central+pancreatectomy+with+pancreaticogastrostomy+(transgastric+approach)+in+a+solid+pseudopapillary+tumor+of+the+pancreas.">Robotic central pancreatectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy (transgastric approach) in a solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas.</a> Hepato-gastroenterology. 58 (110-111), 1805-1808 (2011).</li><li>Addeo, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Robotic+central+pancreatectomy+with+stented+pancreaticogastrostomy:+operative+details.">Robotic central pancreatectomy with stented pancreaticogastrostomy: operative details.</a> The international journal of medical robotics + computer assisted surgery: MRCAS. 7 (3), 293-297 (2011).</li><li>Abood, G. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Robotic-assisted+minimally+invasive+central+pancreatectomy:+technique+and+outcomes.">Robotic-assisted minimally invasive central pancreatectomy: technique and outcomes.</a> J Gastrointest Surg. 17 (5), 1002-1008 (2013).</li><li>Schwarz, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Total+Laparoscopic+Central+Pancreatectomy+with+Pancreaticogastrostomy+for+High-Risk+Cystic+Neoplasm.">Total Laparoscopic Central Pancreatectomy with Pancreaticogastrostomy for High-Risk Cystic Neoplasm.</a> Annals of surgical oncology. 23 (3), 1035 (2016).</li><li>Topal, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pancreaticojejunostomy+versus+pancreaticogastrostomy+reconstruction+after+pancreaticoduodenectomy+for+pancreatic+or+periampullary+tumours:+a+multicentre+randomised+trial.">Pancreaticojejunostomy versus pancreaticogastrostomy reconstruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic or periampullary tumours: a multicentre randomised trial.</a> The Lancet Oncology. 14 (7), 655-662 (2013).</li><li>Lemaire, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+and+morphological+changes+in+the+pancreatic+remnant+following+pancreaticoduodenectomy+with+pancreaticogastric+anastomosis.">Functional and morphological changes in the pancreatic remnant following pancreaticoduodenectomy with pancreaticogastric anastomosis.</a> Br J Surg. 87 (4), 434-438 (2000).</li><li>Rault, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pancreaticojejunal+Anastomosis+Is+Preferable+to+Pancreaticogastrostomy+after+Pancreaticoduodenectomy+for+Longterm+Outcomes+of+Pancreatic+Exocrine+Function.">Pancreaticojejunal Anastomosis Is Preferable to Pancreaticogastrostomy after Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Longterm Outcomes of Pancreatic Exocrine Function.</a> Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 201 (2), 239-244 (2005).</li><li>Lai, E. C., Tang, C. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Robotic+distal+pancreatectomy+versus+conventional+laparoscopic+distal+pancreatectomy:+a+comparative+study+for+short-term+outcomes.">Robotic distal pancreatectomy versus conventional laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy: a comparative study for short-term outcomes.</a> Frontiers of medicine. 9 (3), 356-360 (2015).</li><li>Konstantinidis, I. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Robotic+total+pancreatectomy+with+splenectomy:+technique+and+outcomes.">Robotic total pancreatectomy with splenectomy: technique and outcomes.</a> Surg Endosc. , (2017).</li><li>Liu, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+surgical+outcomes+of+robot-assisted+laparoscopic+pancreaticoduodenectomy+versus+laparoscopic+pancreaticoduodenectomy+for+periampullary+neoplasms:+a+comparative+study+of+a+single+center.">The surgical outcomes of robot-assisted laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy versus laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy for periampullary neoplasms: a comparative study of a single center.</a> Surg Endosc. 31 (6), 2380-2386 (2017).</li><li>Lui, R., Zhao, G., Yin, Z., Zhao, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Robotic+enucleation+for+pancreatic+neoplasm+with+interposition+repair+of+the+main+pancreatic+duct:+a+case+report.">Robotic enucleation for pancreatic neoplasm with interposition repair of the main pancreatic duct: a case report.</a> Chinese Journal of Laparoscopic Surgery. 9 (6), 373-374 (2016).</li><li>Ehrhardt, O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ueber+Resektionen+am+Pankreas1.">Ueber Resektionen am Pankreas1.</a> DMW-Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift. 34, 595-597 (1908).</li><li>Wolk, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+central+pancreatectomy+and+pancreatic+enucleation+as+pancreatic+resections--A+comparison.">Evaluation of central pancreatectomy and pancreatic enucleation as pancreatic resections--A comparison.</a> Int J Surg. 22, 118-124 (2015).</li><li>Ishii, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Remnant+pancreas+reconstruction+with+duct-to-duct+anastomosis+after+middle+pancreatectomy:+a+report+of+two+cases.">Remnant pancreas reconstruction with duct-to-duct anastomosis after middle pancreatectomy: a report of two cases.</a> Hepato-gastroenterology. 62 (137), 190-194 (2015).</li><li>Di Benedetto, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Meso-pancreatectomy:+new+surgical+technique+for+Wirsung+reconstruction.">Meso-pancreatectomy: new surgical technique for Wirsung reconstruction.</a> J Am Coll Surg. 214 (2), 1-4 (2012).</li><li>Oida, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=End-to-end+anastomosis+after+medial+pancreatectomy+for+tumor.">End-to-end anastomosis after medial pancreatectomy for tumor.</a> Hepato-gastroenterology. 54 (76), 1266-1268 (2007).</li><li>Ramesh, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=End-to-end+anastomosis+of+pancreas.">End-to-end anastomosis of pancreas.</a> Surgery. 131 (6), 691-693 (2002).</li><li>Kang, C. 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Malignant tumors located in the pancreas neck and the proximal part of the pancreatic body are often treated with pancreaticoduodenectomy or distal pancreatectomy. However, for benign or low malignant potential tumors in those sites, the standard pancreaticoduodenectomy or distal pancreatectomy will remove excessive normal tissues and result in excessive injury. Therefore, the central pancreatectomy or pancreatic enucleation, known as &#34;parenchyma-sparing pancreatectomy&#34;, becomes a preferable choice for the treatm...

Central pancreatectomy is increasingly performed for the treatment of benign or low-malignant potential tumors located in the pancreatic neck or proximal part of pancreatic body1. Compared with the pancreaticoduodenectomy or distal pancreatectomy, central pancreatectomy resects less tissues and conserves more pancreatic parenchyma and function. Currently, the major approaches for the pancreas reconstruction are over-sewing the cephalic pancreatic stump and performing a pancreaticojejunostomy or pancreaticogastrostomy to the distal stump2,3. These two approaches are widely used in the open, laparoscopic and robotic central pancreatectomies4,5,6,7. However, the aforementioned two reconstruction approaches break the anatomic continuity of digestive tracts and the pathway for the excretion of pancreatic fluid. The directly contact of pancreatic stump with intestinal juice might increase the possibility of bleeding and fistula8. Although the gastric juice could inactive pancreatic enzymes to avoid the erosion of anastomosis, it might lead to pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, and in the long term jeopardize the patient&#39;s nutritional status9,10.
With the development of minimally invasive surgery, robotic surgery has shown great advantages in its 3-D magnifying view, stability, and flexibility of movements, etc., which provides enhanced dissecting and suturing capacity for anastomosis and hemostasis11,12. Based on our experience in robotic pancreatectomy and repair for injured pancreatic duct13,14, we have performed a series of robotic central pancreatectomy with end-to-end anastomosis and seen favorable outcomes. Compared with pancreaticojejunostomy or pancreaticogastrostomy, end-to-end pancreas anastomosis avoids the damage to digestive tracts; thus, theoretically reducing the possibility of pancreaticoenteric fistula. But on the other hand, the end-to-end pancreas anastomosis poses greater technical difficulties. As an update of conventional central pancreatectomy, the candidates for conventional central pancreatectomy are also eligible for this surgery. Here, we present operative techniques for robotic central pancreatectomy with end-to-end anastomosis in a tertiary hepatopancreatobiliary center in this video case presentation.
Indications:
(1) Benign and low-malignant potential tumors located in the pancreatic neck and proximal body are suitable for this operation. 
(2) The defect of the main pancreatic duct should be less than 5 cm after the central pancreatectomy, and the size of tumor is not the main concern for reconstruction.
Case Presentation:
The patient is a 31-year-old man. A lesion in the pancreatic neck was found accidently in a medical examination 2 years ago. He underwent regular re-examination and the lesion was found to be asymptomatically enlarged recently. He had no history of previous abdominal surgery. On physical examination, no positive sign existed. The pancreatic MRI showed a quasi-circular lesion approximately 14-mm in the pancreatic neck; this was presumed as a neuroendocrine tumor. On T1- and T2-weighted imaging, the lesion showed hypointense and hyperintense signal, respectively. On diffusion-weighted imaging, the lesion showed hyperintense signal. The lesion was slightly enhanced in the arterial phase and showed a progressive enhancement pattern in the parenchyma phase and delay phase (Figure 1). Severe fatty liver was also diagnosed by the MRI. No dilation or stricture was detected in the pancreatic duct. Routine blood examination, IgG isoform test, tumor biomarkers, electrocardiogram, and chest X-ray were normal. The biochemical test showed slightly elevated ALT (Alanine aminotransferase) at 147.3 U/L and AST (Aspartate aminotransferase) at 53.9U/L, which may be caused by fatty liver.

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	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:205px;">da Vinci Robotic Surgical System</td>
			<td style="width:296px;">Intuitive&#160;Surgical, USA</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">Si</td>
			<td style="width:159px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:205px;">EndoWrist Permanent Cautery Hook</td>
			<td>Intuitive&#160;Surgical, USA</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">420183</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:205px;">Harmonic Ace Curved Shears</td>
			<td>Ethicon, USA</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">420275</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:205px;">EndoWrist Large needle Driver</td>
			<td>Intuitive&#160;Surgical, USA</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">420006</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:205px;">EndoWrist Cadiere Forceps</td>
			<td>Intuitive&#160;Surgical, USA</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">420049</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:205px;">EndoWrist Black Diamond Micro Forceps</td>
			<td>Intuitive&#160;Surgical, USA</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">420033</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:205px;">Lapro-Clip 8 mm Absorbable Clips</td>
			<td>Covidien&#160; , USA</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">8886848882</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:205px;">5-0 non-absorbable suture</td>
			<td>Ethicon, USA</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">M8717</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:205px;">4-0 non-absorbable suture</td>
			<td>Ethicon, USA</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">D9775</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:205px;">5-0 absorbable suture</td>
			<td>Ethicon, USA</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">D9943</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:205px;">Absorbable hemostas</td>
			<td>Ethicon, USA</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">W1912</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:205px;">Laparoscopic Ultrasound Probe</td>
			<td>BK Ultrasound, Denmark</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">8666-RF</td>
			<td>transducer contact surface: 30*5mm; Frequence: 4.3-10 MHz</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:205px;">Pancreatic stent</td>
			<td>Yaxin Medical, Suzhou, China</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">1.2 mm&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:205px;">Antibiotics&#160;(ceftriaxone sodium for injection)</td>
			<td style="width:296px;">Roche, Shanghai, China</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">H10983036</td>
			<td>ceftriaxone sodium (2g) adding to normal saline (100ml), once per day.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:205px;">Proton pump inhibitors (lansoprazole injection)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:296px;">Luoxin Pharmaceutical, Linyi, China</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">H20055118</td>
			<td>lansoprazole injection (30 mg) adding to normal saline (100ml), twice per day.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:205px;">Somatostatin (Somatostatin for injection)</td>
			<td style="width:296px;">Merck Serono, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">H20090929</td>
			<td>Somatostatin for injection (6000ug) adding to nornal saline to a total of 48ml, 2 ml/h</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:205px;">Analgesic</td>
			<td style="width:296px;"></td>
			<td style="width:113px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:205px;">Analgesic (sufentanil Citrate injection)</td>
			<td style="width:296px;">Humanwell Healthcare, Fuzhou, China</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">H20054171</td>
			<td>sufentanil Citrate (200ug),&#160; Ondansetron hyrochloride (20mg), adding to normal saline to a total of 80 ml, 1 ml/h</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:205px;">Analgesic (Ondansetron hyrochloride injection)</td>
			<td style="width:296px;">Qilu Pharmaceutical, Hainan, China</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">H10970065</td>
			<td>sufentanil Citrate (200ug),&#160; Ondansetron hyrochloride (20mg), adding to normal saline to a total of 80 ml, 2 ml/h</td>
		</tr>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:205px;">Parenteral nutrition&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:296px;"></td>
			<td style="width:113px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:205px;">Parenteral nutrition(10% glucose injection)</td>
			<td style="width:296px;">Shijiazhuang No.4 Pharmaceutical&#65292;Shijiazhuang, China</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">H20133313</td>
			<td>1000 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:205px;">Parenteral nutrition(5% glucose&#160; injection)</td>
			<td style="width:296px;">Shijiazhuang No.4 Pharmaceutical&#65292;Shijiazhuang, China</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">H13022474</td>
			<td style="width:159px;">250 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:205px;">Parenteral nutrition(Compond vitamin injection)</td>
			<td style="width:296px;">Pude Pharmaceutical, Datong, China</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">H20093720</td>
			<td style="width:159px;">1 piece</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:205px;">Parenteral nutrition(Compond amino acid injection)</td>
			<td style="width:296px;">Kelun Pharmaceutical, Chengdu, China</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">H20066058</td>
			<td style="width:159px;">500 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:205px;">Parenteral nutritionz(Fat emulsion injection)</td>
			<td style="width:296px;">Fresenius Kabi AB, Sweden</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">H20160019</td>
			<td style="width:159px;">250 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:205px;">Parenteral nutrition(10%KCl injection)</td>
			<td style="width:296px;">Jinyao Pharmaceutical, Tianjin, China</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">H12020518</td>
			<td style="width:159px;">50 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:205px;">Parenteral nutrition(10%NaCl injection)</td>
			<td style="width:296px;">CR, Double-Crane, Beijing, China</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">H11020865</td>
			<td style="width:159px;">50 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:205px;">Parenteral nutrition(Insulin injection)</td>
			<td style="width:296px;">No.1 biochemical and pharmaceutical, Shanghai, China</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">H31020519</td>
			<td style="width:159px;">28 Unit</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
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application of end-to-end anastomosis in robotic central pancreatectomy

Central pancreatectomy is carried out for the treatment of benign or low-malignant potential tumors located in the pancreatic neck or proximal part of pancreatic body. With technological development, the robotic surgical system has shown its advantage in minimally invasive surgery and been increasingly applied in central pancreatectomy. However, reconstruction of the continuity of pancreas with end-to-end anastomosis after robotic central pancreatectomy has not been applied. In this study, we report surgical techniques for robotic central pancreatectomy with end-to-end anastomosis. The pancreas is reconstructed by duct-to-duct anastomosis of the pancreatic duct with a pancreatic stent inserted in the two stumps of pancreatic duct, and by end-to-end anastomosis of the pancreatic parenchyma. Compared with traditional central pancreatectomy with pancreaticoenteric anastomosis, this approach decreases the operative injury to the patient, and also conserves the integrity and continuity of the digestive duct and pancreatic duct. The robotic surgical system integrated with multiple instruments with flexible and precise movement is particularly suitable for the dissection and reconstruction of the pancreatic duct. We found that robotic central pancreatectomy with end-to-end anastomosis is safe and feasible, and we need more experience to evaluate its best indications and long-term outcomes.

The operation process was smooth. The operative time was 141 mins and the intraoperative blood loss was about 50 mL. The size of the resected pancreas was about 5.5 &#215; 2.5 &#215; 2.5 cm (Figure 4). The patient recovered smoothly after surgery and discharged on the 6th postoperative day. When the patient was discharged, he had a normal diet and normal defecation, and had no fever, no abdominal pain or distension. The routine blood examination an...

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Application of End-to-end Anastomosis in Robotic Central Pancreatectomy

The robotic central pancreatectomy with end-to-end anastomosis is feasible and safe for tumor in the pancreatic neck and proximal portion of pancreatic body. The operative techniques of this operation are presented.

Central pancreatectomy is carried out for the treatment of benign or low-malignant potential tumors located in the pancreatic neck or proximal part of ...

This method can help answer key question about how to perform the robotic central pancreatectomy with an end-to-end anastomosis. The main advantages of this technique are that it simplifies the reconstruction approach after robotic central pancreatectomy, avoids pancreaticoenterostomy, and allows conservation of this anatomic continuity of the gastrointestinal tract. Demonstrating the procedure with me will be Gao Yuan-Xing and Xu Yong, associate senior doctors from my department.Before beginning the procedure, place the patient supine at a 20-degree reverse Trendelenburg position with the legs split, and drap the patient in the standard sterile fashion for upper abdominal surgery. Position the surgeon console in the operating room, the patient cart over the patient's head and vision cart to the right of the patient. Then direct the assistant surgeon to stand between the patient's legs with the back table for the instruments and supplies at the left rear of the assistant.When everything is in position, use a scalpel to make a one centimeter incision three centimeters inferior and right lateral to the umbilicus, and insert a veress needle through the incision into the abdominal cavity. Use the automatical insufflation instrument to establish a carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum of 14 millimeters of mercury, and replace the veress needle with a 12 millimeter trocar as the camera port. Insert the robotic endoscope into the trocar, and perform a diagnostic laparascopy to confirm the abdominal adhesion status and operative feasibility.Under the view of the endoscope, place an 8 millimeter trocar in the left anterior axillary line at the level of the umbilicus for the first robotic arm, and place a 12 millimeter trocar 2 centimeter inferior and left lateral to the umbilicus as the assistant port. Place a 12 millimeter trocar in the right mid-clavicular line at the level of the umbilicus, and insert an 8 millimeter trocar into the right mid-clavicular 12 millimeter trocar in a trocar in trocar fashion for the second robotic arm. Then, place an 8 millimeter trocar under the costal margin in the right middle axillary line for the third robotic arm.Dock the robotic arm, and dock the robotic endoscope in the camera arm. To mobilize the pancreas neck and body, use the forceps on the third robotic arm to grasp and elevate the anterior wall of the the stomach to expose the gastrocolic ligament. Have the assistant apply tension in the gastrocolic ligament using the grasping forceps coupled with the bipolar forceps and the second robotic arm.Divide the gastrocolic ligament to enter the lesser sac, and use the laparoscopic ultrasonic scalpel on the first robotic arm to expose the anterior surface of the pancreas. Then, use the bipolar forceps on the second robotic arm to perform hemostasis until the level of the right gastroepiploic vein is reached. Using the cautery hook, carefully dissect the pancreatic neck from the inferior to superior direction, dividing the posterior wall of the pancreatic neck from the portal superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, and splenic veins.When the tissues have been divided, create a tunnel between the veins and the posterior wall of the pancreatic neck. Then use the cautery hook and ultrasonic scalpel to dissect the pancreatic body from the splenic vessels and connective tissues toward the pancreatic tail. To transect the pancreatic parenchyma, insert the laparoscopic ultrasound probe through the assistant trocar and perform ultrasonography on the pancreas to reconfirm the location and size of the lesion.According to the results of the ultrasonography, use the cautery hook to mark two transection lines on the pancreatic surface about one centimeter away from the lesion. Insert the fenestrated bipolar forceps through the inferior margin of the pancreas to lift the pancreatic body and further detach the proximal part of pancreatic body from the splenic vessels and connective tissues. Then mobilize the pancreatic neck and proximal pancreatic body from the posterior vessels and tissues.Using the ultrasonic scalpel, incise the pancreas parenchyma along the distal and proximal transection line and expose the pancreatic duct. Transect the pancreatic parenchyma around the pancreatic duct, and carefully protect and mobilize the pancreatic duct from the transected pancreatic parenchyma. Then use laparoscopic scissors from the assistant port to sharply transect the pancreatic duct about one centimeter away from the stump.To reduce the tension of the anastomosis, use the cautery hook and bipolor forceps to further mobilize the pancreatic stump from the posterior vessels and connective tissues. Implant the stent into the abdominal cavity through the assistant port and use microforceps to hold the sidewall of pancreatic duct stump within the pancreatic body. Gently insert the stent into the distal pancreatic duct stump, and use 5-0 absorbable sutures to suture the pancreatic duct with the stent so that the stent is closely encircled by the duct.Using a similar approach without a suture, insert the other end of the stent into the proximal pancreatic duct stump, followed by placement of a 4-0 nonabsorbable horizontal mattress suture around the proximal and distal pancreatic stumps. While pulling the two pancreatic stumps closer, continue to insert the proximal end of the stent into the proximal pancreatic duct stump. Next, perform an end-to-end anastomis of the pancreatic duct stumps using a 5-0 nonabsorbable suture with an interrupted stitch, and knot the remaining ties on the pancreatic stumps.Then use a 4-0 nonabsorbable suture to make a continuous stitch to suture the anterior portion of the pancreatic stumps. When the stumps have been secured, carefully check for bleeding, and conduct a thorough hemostasis, encircling the anastomosis site with absorbable hemostatic gauze as necessary. Place the resected specimen into a plastic sample bag, and remove the bag through the enlarged incision of the camera port.Place two drains along the superior and inferior borders of the anastomosis site, and extract the drains from the port for the third robotic arm. Then give the patient intravenous antibiotics, parenteral nutrition, analgesia, somatostatin, proton pump inhibitors, and other appropriate treatment according to conventional central pancreatectomy protocols. In this representative procedure, the resected pancreas was about 5.5 by 2.5 by 2.5 centimeters.After a smooth discharge and recovery, the postoperative CT scan revealed a slight exudation around the pancreas with no dilation or stricture in the pancreatic duct. While attempting this procedure, it is important to remember to transect the pancreatic duct sharply, and to fully mobilize the pancreatic stumps, particularly the distal pancreatic stump, prior to the end-to-end anastomosis to achieve the tension-free"anastomosis. After its development, this technique paved the way for researchers in the field of minimally invasive HPB surgery to explore the optimization of the reconstruction approaches for pancreatic duct and parenchyma after pancreatectomy.After watching the video, you should have to good understanding of how to use a robotic surgical system to perform the central pancreatectomy and to reconstruct the anatomic continuity of the pancreas by end-to-end anastomosis.

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