Name: a calcium phosphate-induced mouse abdominal aortic aneurysm model
Uploaded: 2022-11-18T13:50:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Calcium Phosphate-Induced Mouse Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Model at JoVE.com

This research was supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, 81730010, 91839302, 81921001, 31930056, and 91529203) and the National Key R&#38;D Program of China (2019YFA 0801600).

Animal studies were performed in compliance with the guidelines of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Peking University Health Science Center and were approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Peking University (LA2015142). All the mice for surgery were anesthetized with isoflurane (1.5%-2%), and anesthesia was carefully monitored to avoid pain or discomfort for the mice.
1. Preparation
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	<li>Cut 0.3 cm wide strips of powder-free rubber gloves and ga...

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Periaortic application of CaPO4 is a robust approach to induce AAA in mice. Several studies have used the CaPO4 model and consistently reported that this is a rapid and reproducible method to study AAA in mice7,9. This model is considered to recapitulate part of the features of human aortic aneurysm and provide mechanistic insights into AAA pathogenesis, including inflammation and extracellular matrix degradation.
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An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a lethal cardiovascular disease characterized by permanent dilation of the abdominal aorta, with high mortality rates once rupture occurs. AAA is associated with aging, smoking, male gender, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia1. Several pathological processes have been shown to contribute to AAA formation, including extracellular matrix fiber proteolysis, immune cell infiltration, and loss of vascular smooth muscle cells. Currently, the pathological mechanisms of AAA remain elusive, and there are no proven drugs for the treatment of AAA1. Research into human AAA is limited due to the existence of few human aortic samples; thus, several chemical modification-induced animal AAA models have been established and widely adopted, including subcutaneous angiotensin II (AngII) infusion, perivascular or intraluminal elastase incubation, and perivascular calcium phosphate application2. A commonly used mouse model is the application of calcium phosphate (CaPO4) to the adventitia of the infrarenal abdominal aorta, which is cost-effective and does not require genetic modification.
Direct periaortic application of CaCl2 to the carotid artery of rabbits to induce aneurysmal change was initially reported by Gertz et al.3 and was later applied to the abdominal aortas of mice. The model was developed by Yamanouchi et al. to accelerate aortic dilation by using CaPO4 crystals in mice4. Infiltration of CaPO4 into mice aortas recapitulates many pathological features observed in human AAAs, including profound macrophage infiltration, extracellular matrix degradation, and calcium deposition. The risk factors of human AAA, such as hyperlipidemia, also augment CaPO4-induced AAA in mice5. In contrast to AngII perfusion-induced AAA in ApoE-/- or LDLR-/- mice, CaPO4-induced AAA occurs in the infrarenal aortic region, which mimics human AAA. Currently, this method has been widely applied to assess susceptibility to AAA development in genetically modified mice and evaluate the anti-AAA effects of drugs6,7.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>CaCl2</td>
			<td>MECKLIN</td>
			<td>C805225</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaCl</td>
			<td>Biomed</td>
			<td>SH5001-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS</td>
			<td>HARVEYBIO</td>
			<td>MB5051</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Small animal ventilator</td>
			<td>RWD</td>
			<td>H1550501-012</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a calcium phosphate-induced mouse abdominal aortic aneurysm model

An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening cardiovascular disease that occurs worldwide and is characterized by irreversible dilation of the abdominal aorta. Currently, several chemically induced murine AAA models are used, each simulating a different aspect of the pathogenesis of AAA. The calcium phosphate-induced AAA model is a rapid and cost-effective model compared to the angiotensin II- and elastase-induced AAA models. The application of CaPO4 crystals to the mouse aorta results in elastic fiber degradation, loss of smooth muscle cells, inflammation, and calcium deposition associated with aortic dilation. This article introduces a standard protocol for the CaPO4-induced AAA model. The protocol includes material preparation, the surgical application of the CaPO4&#160;to the adventitia of the infrarenal abdominal aorta, the harvesting of aortas to visualize aortic aneurysms, and histological analyses in mice.

14 days after CaPO4 application, the C57BL/6J male mice were euthanized, and their aortas were harvested and cleaned. The morphology of the aortas was imaged to visualize AAA formation. As shown in Figure 1A-B, the application of CaPO4 led to dilation of the infrarenal abdominal aorta. Histologically, CaPO4 resulted in a dramatic degradation of elastic fibers, as illustrated by elastin breaks (Figure 1C</...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Calcium Phosphate-Induced Mouse Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Model at JoVE.com

A Calcium Phosphate-Induced Mouse Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Model

This protocol describes a calcium phosphate-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) mouse model to study the pathological features and molecular mechanisms of AAAs.

An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening cardiovascular disease that occurs worldwide and is characterized by irreversible dilation of the ...

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