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Core - Molecular Biology

    Chapter 11

    Additional Roles of RNA

    11.1 : Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

    11.1 : Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

    Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin ...

    15.1K views
    11.2 : Riboswitches01:56

    11.2 : Riboswitches

    Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches ...

    8.1K views
    11.3 : RNA Editing02:23

    11.3 : RNA Editing

    RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or ...

    8.9K views
    11.4 : Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

    11.4 : Regulated mRNA Transport

    In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the ...

    6.2K views
    11.5 : Leaky Scanning02:28

    11.5 : Leaky Scanning

    During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG ...

    5.1K views
    11.6 : mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

    11.6 : mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

    The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the ...

    5.5K views
    11.7 : RNA Interference

    11.7 : RNA Interference

    RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its ...

    6.6K views
    11.8 : MicroRNAs

    11.8 : MicroRNAs

    MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA ...

    10.1K views
    11.9 : siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

    11.9 : siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

    Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional ...

    16.6K views
    11.10 : piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

    11.10 : piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

    PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while ...

    6.8K views
    11.11 : CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

    11.11 : CRISPR and crRNAs

    Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect ...

    16.7K views
    11.12 : lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

    11.12 : lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

    In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding ...

    8.5K views
    11.13 : Ribozymes02:47

    11.13 : Ribozymes

    The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower ...

    11.2K views
    11.14 : Conditions on Early Earth

    11.14 : Conditions on Early Earth

    Around 4 billion years ago, oceans began to condense on earth while volcanic eruptions released nitrogen, carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia, and hydrogen ...

    2.1K views
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