Generation of Induced-pluripotent Stem Cells Using Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes Isolated from Joints of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Podsumowanie

Here we describe a protocol for generating human induced-pluripotent stem cells from patient-derived fibroblast-like synoviocytes, using a lentiviral system without feeder cells.

Streszczenie

Mature somatic cells can be reversed into a pluripotent stem cell-like state using a defined set of reprogramming factors. Numerous studies have generated induced-Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) from various somatic cell types by transducing four Yamanaka transcription factors: Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc. The study of iPSCs remains at the cutting edge of biological and clinical research. In particular, patient-specific iPSCs can be used as a pioneering tool for the study of disease pathobiology, since iPSCs can be induced from the tissue of any individual. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease, classified by the destruction of cartilage and bone structure in the joint. Synovial hyperplasia is one of the major reasons or symptoms that lead to these results in RA. Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes (FLSs) are the main component cells in the hyperplastic synovium. FLSs in the joint limitlessly proliferate, eventually invading the adjacent cartilage and bone. Currently, the hyperplastic synovium can be removed only by a surgical procedure. The removed synovium is used for RA research as a material that reflects the inflammatory condition of the joint. As a major player in the pathogenesis of RA, FLSs can be used as a material to generate and investigate the iPSCs of RA patients. In this study, we used the FLSs of a RA patient to generate iPSCs. Using a lentiviral system, we discovered that FLSs can generate RA patient-specific iPSC. The iPSCs generated from FLSs can be further used as a tool to study the pathophysiology of RA in the future.

Wprowadzenie

Pluripotent stem cells are the next-generation platform in various clinical and biological fields. They are a promising tool that can be used in disease modeling, drug screening, and regenerative medical therapy. Human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESCs) were mainly used to study and understand pluripotent cells. However, isolated by the destruction of the human blastocyst, hESCs are associated with several ethical concerns. In 2007, Dr. Shinya Yamanaka and his team reversed the cell programming process and developed stem cells from human adult somatic cells^1,2. Therefore, unlike hESCs, induced-Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) can be generated from mature somatic ce....

Access restricted. Please log in or start a trial to view this content.

Protokół

Ethics Statement: This study protocol was approved by the institutional review board of The Catholic University of Korea (KC12TISI0861).

1. Synoviocyte Isolation and Expansion

1. Synoviocyte Isolation
   1. Sterilize two pairs of surgical scissors and one pair of forceps.
   2. Transfer the synovial tissue to a 100 mm dish and wash with 5 ml of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 1% penicillin/streptomycin.
   3. Cut off the yellowish fat tissue and bone residues. Transfer the trimmed tissue to a well of a 6-well plate and add 5 ml of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) with 20% Fetal bovine serum (FBS).
   4. ....

Access restricted. Please log in or start a trial to view this content.

Wyniki

In this study, we describe a protocol to generate iPSCs from FLSs using a lentiviral system. Figure 1A shows a simple scheme of the FLS isolation protocol. Following surgical removal of the synovium, the tissue was chopped into small pieces using surgical scissors. Collagenase was added to isolate the cells from the clumps of tissue. Cells were incubated for 14 days before further processing. Figure1B shows the morphology of the isolated .......

Access restricted. Please log in or start a trial to view this content.

Dyskusje

Before the discovery of iPSCs, scientists mainly used ESCs to study stem cell biology and other cell lineages through differentiation. However, ESCs originate from the inner mass of a blastocyst, which is an early-stage embryo. To isolate ESCs, destruction of the blastocyst is inevitable, raising ethical issues that are impossible to overcome. Moreover, although ESCs have stemness characteristics and pluripotency, they cannot be obtained from individuals and are sometimes not an ideal tool for personalized analysis and d.......

Access restricted. Please log in or start a trial to view this content.

Materiały

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
100 mm Dish	TPP	93100
6-well Plate	TPP	92006
50 ml Cornical Tube	SPL	50050
15 mlL Cornical Tube	SPL	50015
10 ml Disposable Pipette	Falcon	7551
5 ml Disposable Pipette	Falcon	7543
12-well Plate	TPP	92012
FLS Isolation Materials
Surgical Scissors
Surgical Forcep
DPBS	Life Technologies	14190-144
DMEM	Life Technologies	11995-073
Penicilin Streptomycin	Sigma Aldrich	P4333
Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)	Life Technologies	16000-044
Collagenase	Sigma Aldrich	C6885-100MG
Parafilm	Sigma Aldrich	54956
PBS/1 mM EDTA	Life Technologies	12604-039
iPSC Generation Materials
DMEM	Life Technologies	11885
MEM Non-Essential Amino Acids Solution (100x)	Life Technologies	11140-050
β-Mercaptoethanol	Sigma Aldrich	M3148
Polybrene	Chemicon	TR-1003-G
Penicilin Streptomycin	Life Technologies	P4333
Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)	Life Technologies	16000-044
DPBS	Life Technologies	14190-144
Lentivirus
DMEM/F12, HEPES	Life Technologies	11330-057	iPSC media ingredient (500 ml)
Sodium Bicarbonate	Life Technologies	25080-094	iPSC media ingredient (Conc.: 543 μg/ml)
Sodium Selenite	Sigma Aldrich	S5261	iPSC media ingredient  (Conc.: 14 ng/mL)
Human Transfferin	Sigma Aldrich	T3705	iPSC media ingredient (Conc.: 10.7 μg/ml)
Basic FGF2	Peprotech	100-18B	iPSC media ingredient  (Conc.: 100 ng/ml)
Human Insulin	Life Technologies	12585-014	iPSC media ingredient (Conc.: 20 μg/ml)
Human TGFβ1	Peprotech	100-21	iPSC media ingredient (Conc.: 2 ng/ml)
Ascorbic Acid	Sigma Aldrich	A8960	iPSC media ingredient  (Conc.: 64 μg/ml)
Polybrene	Chemicon	TR-1003
Sodium Butyrate	Sigma Aldrich	B5887
Vitronectin	Life Technologies	A14700
ROCK Inhibitor	Sigma Aldrich	Y0503
Guality Control Materials
18 mm Cover Glass	Superior	HSU-0111580
4% Paraformaldyhyde (PFA)	Tech & Innovation	BPP-9004
Triton X-100	BIOSESANG	9002-93-1
Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)	Vector Lab	SP-5050
Anti-SSEA4 Antibody	Millipore	MAB4304
Anti-Oct4 Antibody	Santa Cruz	SC9081
Anti-TRA-1-60 Antibody	Millipore	MAB4360
Anti-Sox2 Antibody	Biolegend	630801
Anti-TRA-1-81 Antibody	Millipore	MAB4381
Anti-Klf4 Antibody	Abcam	ab151733
Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti-mouse IgG (H+L) antibody	Molecular Probe	A11029
Alexa Fluor 594 goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) antibody	Molecular Probe	A11037
DAPI	Molecular Probe	D1306
Prolong gold antifade reagent	Invitrogen	P36934
Slide Glass, Coated	Hyun Il Lab-Mate	HMA-S9914
Trizol	Invitrogen	15596-018
Chloroform	Sigma Aldrich	366919
Isoprypylalcohol	Millipore	109634
Ethanol	Duksan	64-17-5
RevertAid First Strand cDNA Synthesis kit	Thermo Scientfic	K1622
i-Taq DNA Polymerase	iNtRON BIOTECH	25021
UltraPure 10x TBE Buffer	Life Technologies	15581-044
loading star	Dyne Bio	A750
Agarose	Sigma-Aldrich	9012-36-6
1 kb (+) DNA ladder marker	Enzynomics	DM003
Alkaline Phosphatase	Millipore	SCR004