Three-electrode Coin Cell Preparation and Electrodeposition Analytics for Lithium-ion Batteries

Robert D. Minter; Daniel Juarez-Robles; Conner Fear; Yevgen Barsukov; Partha P. Mukherjee

doi:10.3791/57735

Aby wyświetlić tę treść, wymagana jest subskrypcja JoVE. Zaloguj się lub rozpocznij bezpłatny okres próbny.

Method Article

Three-electrode Coin Cell Preparation and Electrodeposition Analytics for Lithium-ion Batteries

DOI:

10.3791/57735

⸱

May 22nd, 2018

Robert D. Minter*¹, Daniel Juarez-Robles*², Conner Fear², Yevgen Barsukov³, Partha P. Mukherjee²

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, ²School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, ³Battery Management Systems, Texas Instruments Inc.

* Wspomniani autorzy wnieśli do projektu równy wkład.

Please note that all translations are automatically generated. Click here for the English version.

Podsumowanie

Three-electrode cells are useful in studying the electrochemistry of lithium-ion batteries. Such an electrochemical setup allows the phenomena associated with the cathode and anode to be decoupled and examined independently. Here, we present a guide for construction and use of a three-electrode coin cell with emphasis on lithium plating analytics.

Streszczenie

As lithium-ion batteries find use in high energy and power applications, such as in electric and hybrid-electric vehicles, monitoring the degradation and subsequent safety issues becomes increasingly important. In a Li-ion cell setup, the voltage measurement across the positive and negative terminals inherently includes the effect of the cathode and anode which are coupled and sum to the total cell performance. Accordingly, the ability to monitor the degradation aspects associated with a specific electrode is extremely difficult because the electrodes are fundamentally coupled. A three-electrode setup can overcome this problem. By introducing a third (reference) electrode, the influence of each electrode can be decoupled, and the electrochemical properties can be measured independently. The reference electrode (RE) must have a stable potential that can then be calibrated against a known reference, for example, lithium metal. The three-electrode cell can be used to run electrochemical tests such as cycling, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Three-electrode cell EIS measurements can elucidate the contribution of individual electrode impedance to the full cell. In addition, monitoring the anode potential allows the detection of electrodeposition due to lithium plating, which can cause safety concerns. This is especially important for the fast charging of Li-ion batteries in electric vehicles. In order to monitor and characterize the safety and degradation aspects of an electrochemical cell, a three-electrode setup can prove invaluable. This paper aims to provide a guide to constructing a three-electrode coin cell setup using the 2032-coin cell architecture, which is easy to produce, reliable, and cost-effective.

Wprowadzenie

Although the origin of lithium-batteries can be traced arbitrarily far back into the past, the large-scale production and commercialization of many of today's commonly found lithium-ion batteries began in the 1980s. Many of the materials developed during this era, one example being Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LiCoO₂), are still commonly found in use today¹. Many current studies have been focused towards the development of various other metal oxide structures, with some emphasis placed towards reducing or eliminating the use of cobalt in place of other lower cost and more environmentally benign metals, such as manganese or nickel