To begin, place an anesthetized mouse in a supine position on a surgical platform. Spread and tape the limbs with adhesive tape. Pin a 27 gauge needle on either side above the head, then place a 27 gauge needle on either side below the axilla.
Wind a rubber band around the two needles and the upper incisors, and another one around the 27 gauge needles and the lower incisors. Change the needle positions to control the degree of opening and mouth orientation. Next, bend the 1.5 millimeter end of a three centimeter long, 304 stainless steel wire.
With curved ophthalmic tweezers, push the bent end from the buccal side through the interproximate space between the first and second maxillary molars. Pull out the ligature wire from the palatal side to half its length and pass it through one end of the customized coil spring. Tie both ends of the wire into a square knot in the mesial direction of the first maxillary molar.
Then, subtract the excess wire. Similarly, pierce another wire through the other end of the coil spring. Use cotton balls to clean and dry the incisor surfaces.
Now tie the ends of the second wire into a slip knot in the labial direction. Push the slip knot through the interproximate space between the maxillary incisors and fasten the right incisor. With cotton sticks, apply adhesives on the surfaces and harden the adhesives with light curing.
After subtracting the excess wire, position the wire to lie close to the tooth surface. Inject light cured resin to cover the knot and incisors, then light cure the resin. The orthodontic tooth movement surgery resulted in increasing distances between the first and second maxillary molars between three to 14 days post-surgery.
The low density periodontal ligament showed broadening at the distal side and narrowing at the mesial side of roots because of the mechanical load. Bone area analysis of the first molar showed that the percentage of bone volume and bone mineral density of the operation side on day eight showed a significant decrease. In contrast, the percent bone volume of the operation side on days three and 14 showed a significant increase.
Under physiological conditions, the periodontal ligament fibers are subjected to certain forces with a distinct wave-like shape. Under mechanical load, the fibers were stretched tightly on the tensile end while the fibers were compressed with morphological ambiguity.
