Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, especially in East Asia, with high incidence and mortality rates. It is one of the most common cancers in China, with new diagnoses and deaths accounting for about half of the global total¹. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the Chinese population². Gastric cancer ranks third in the world in terms of the highest mortality rate among tumors, and its prognosis is highly dependent on the stage of the lesion¹. The 5-year survival rate for advanced-stage patients is less than 30%, while the 5-year survival rate for early-stage patients is usually more than 90%. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer are essential to prevent and control the disease³.

The Correa cascade reaction is widely recognized as one of the major patterns of gastric cancer development, suggesting that the carcinogenic process of gastric cancer gradually progresses from atrophic gastritis to intestinal metaplasia, intraepithelial neoplasia, and finally to adenocarcinoma⁴. With the application of modern technology and the increasing popularity of gastroscopy, an increasing number of gastric mucosal precancerous lesions have been detected, including magnifying endoscopy (ME), staining endoscopy, and narrow-band imaging (NBI)⁵.

Low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN) is one of the precancerous lesions of gastric cancer and is closely related to gastric cancer. However, some patients with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia showed pathological upgrading after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) compared with biopsy findings⁶. Therefore, there is some controversy in clinical practice regarding the choice of follow-up or treatment for patients with biopsy-proven LGIN. This article explores the risk factors for pathological upgrading after ESD treatment in patients with gastric LGIN establishes and evaluates a risk prediction model for LGIN occurrence, and provides more scientific and valuable reference opinions for the clinical management of gastric LGIN patients.

Endoscopic Examination and Surgery for the Pathological Escalation of Gastric Low-Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia