Nota: Para manter as condições de cultura estéril, todos os procedimentos neste protocolo são realizadas utilizando práticas de laboratório estéril e conduzidos sob uma capela de fluxo laminar. Antes de começar, certifique-se que qualquer mídia é equilibrado a 37 ° C e adequadamente gaseados. Preparar pratos Geltrex revestido Cultura Nota: ver anexo para o uso de placas de cultura de CELLstart revestido. <ol><li> Tubo de descongelar um dos Geltrex (1 mL) lentamente a 2-8 ° C e diluir 1:100 em 99 mL de Knockout D-MEM/F-12. Misturar a solução suavemente. Nota: Algumas linhagens de células iPS podem requerer uma diluição Geltrex diferentes para o crescimento ideal. Veja o apêndice para diluições de alternativa. </li><li> Cobrir toda a superfície de cada placa de cultura com a solução Geltrex (1 mL para um prato de 35 mm, 1,5 mL para um prato de 60 mm). </li><li> Seal cada prato com Parafilm para evitar a secagem e incubar os pratos para 1 hora a 37 ° C. Nota: Neste ponto, você pode armazenar os pratos Geltrex revestido cultura a 4 ° C por até 1 mês. Seal cada prato com Parafilm para impedir a Geltrex sequem. </li><li> Antes de usar, transferir os pratos Geltrex revestido a uma capela de fluxo laminar e permitir-lhes atingir a temperatura ambiente (cerca de 1 hora). </li></ol> Preparando Alimentador-Free SR Completa KnockOut Médio <ol><li> Para preparar 1 mL de 10 mcg / ml solução FGF Basic, assepticamente misturar os componentes listados abaixo. Alíquota da solução e armazenar a -20 ° C por até 6 meses. <table border="0"><tbody><tr><td> FGF básico </td><td> 10 mg </td></tr><tr><td> D-PBS </td><td> 990μL </td></tr><tr><td> 10% BSA </td><td> 10 L </td></tr></tbody></table> Nota: BSA pode ser substituído com HSA ou SR Knockout na mesma concentração. </li><li> Para preparar 50 mL de solução 2 Dispase mg / mL, assepticamente misturar os componentes listados abaixo. Filtro de esterilizar a solução e armazenar a 4 ° C por até duas semanas. <table border="0"><tbody><tr><td> Dispase </td><td> 100 mg </td></tr><tr><td> D-PBS </td><td> 50 mL </td></tr></tbody></table></li><li> Para preparar 100 mL de SR KnockOut completa Alimentador-Free (KSR-FF) assepticamente combinar os componentes listados na tabela abaixo. <table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Componente </td><td> Concentração de ações </td><td> Concentração Final </td><td> Volume </td></tr><tr><td> Knockout DMEM/F12 (Cat. n º. 12.660-012) </td><td> - </td><td> 1X </td><td> 76,8 mL </td></tr><tr><td> Glutamax-I (Cat. No. 35050-061) </td><td> 200 mM </td><td> 2 mM </td><td> 1 mL </td></tr><tr><td> KnockOut SR (sem Cat.. 10.828-028) </td><td> - </td><td> 20% </td><td> 20 mL </td></tr><tr><td> KnockOut SR-GFC (sem Cat.. A10580-01) </td><td> 50X </td><td> 1X </td><td> 2 mL </td></tr><tr><td> bFGF (Cat. n º. PHG0024). </td><td> 10 mcg / mL </td><td> 20 ng / mL </td><td> 200 mL </td></tr></tbody></table> Você pode armazenar o meio KSR-FF a 2-8 ° C por até uma semana. </li><li> Pouco antes de pré-equilibrar o meio completo à temperatura e gases, adicionar assepticamente o volume necessário de 2-mercaptoetanol (55 mM de concentração de ações) para uma concentração de 0,1 mM final. Por exemplo, para preparar 100 mL da KSR-FMédio F adicionar 182 mL de 55 mM 2-mercaptoetanol (1:550 diluição) Alternativamente, o 2-mercaptoetanol podem ser adicionadas ao meio 1X preenchido e armazenado a 2-8 ° C por até uma semana. </li></ol> Preparando congelamento / Criopreservação Médio O meio de criopreservação consiste em dois meios de comunicação; Médio Congelamento A e B. Congelamento Médio Eles são adicionados às células em momentos diferentes e devem permanecer separados. Eles estão cada 50% do volume total de Medium Criopreservação necessário. O volume total de Medium Criopreservação necessário é 1 mL para cada frasco a ser congelados. Um prato de 90% confluentes 60mm de CTEh pode ser usado para o banco 2 frascos de CTEh na mídia criopreservação. Prepare volume suficiente de cada meio de congelamento, com um extra de 2-5 mL para garantir excedente. <table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Congelamento Médio A (50% do volume final): </td><td> 50% DMEM/F12 </td><td> KSR 50% </td></tr><tr><td> Congelamento Médio B (50% do volume final): </td><td> 80% DMEM/F12 </td><td> 20% DMSO </td></tr></tbody></table> Exemplo: Se você está congelando 20 frascos de células, você precisará de 20 mL de Criopreservação Médio. Adicionar 4 ml de sobrecarga para um total de Medium Criopreservação 24mL. Isso significa que você vai precisar de 12 ml Médio Congelamento A. (50% de 24mL) e 12 ml de B Freezing Medium (50% de 24mL) <table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Congelamento Médio A (12 ml): </td><td> 6 mL DMEM/F12 </td><td> 6 mL KSR </td></tr><tr><td> Congelamento Médio B (12 mL): </td><td> 9,6 mL DMEM/F12 </td><td> 2,4 mL DMSO </td></tr></tbody></table> A composição final do Médio Criopreservação é de 65% DMEM/F12, KSR 25% e DMSO 10%. Criopreservação iPSCs <ol><li> Pré-aquecer o volume necessário de Dispase em um banho de água 37 ° C. Consulte a Tabela 1 abaixo para obter detalhes sobre os volumes necessários. </li><li> Pré-equilibrar o volume necessário de KSR-FF em um banho de água a 37 ° C for15 min. Consulte a Tabela 1below para obter detalhes sobre os volumes necessários. </li><li> Aspirar o meio de gastos do navio cultura usando uma pipeta, e lavar as células duas vezes com D-PBS. </li><li> Delicadamente adicionar pré-aquecido Dispase solução para o navio de cultura (por exemplo, 1 mL de solução Dispase por 60 mm placa de cultura). Redemoinho do navio cultura para revestir a superfície da célula inteira. </li><li> Incubar a embarcação cultura a 37 ° C por 3 minutos. </li><li> Remover o navio da incubadora, aspire a solução Dispase e lavar cuidadosamente as células com D-PBS. </li><li> Raspe as células da superfície da placa de cultura com uma espátula de células, e transferência das células para um tubo de centrifugação estéril 15ml. </li><li> Lavar o prato de cultura duas vezes com KSR-FF, gentilmente &quot;pulverização off&quot; as células que não tenham destacado. Piscina do enxágüe meio com as células no tubo de 15mL. </li><li> Centrifugar o tubo a 200 xg por 5 minutos em temperatura ambiente para agregar as células. </li><li> Aspirar cuidadosamente o sobrenadante sem perturbar o pellet celular e descartá-lo. </li><li> Prepare uma quantidade suficiente de criotubos. Uma vez que as células estão em contato com DMSO, devem ser aliquotado e congelado dentro de 2-3 minutos. </li><li> Agite suavemente o tubo, para desalojar totalmente o pellet celular a partir do fundo do tubo e volte a suspender as células em A. Medium Congelamento [cuidado pipetando para cima e para baixo usando a 5 mL pipeta sorológica]. Após suspensão uniforme de aglomerados, adicionar igual volume de B Freezing Medium para ele, de uma forma sábia queda, enquanto gentilmente agitando o suspensão de células para misturar. Nota: Neste ponto, as células estão em contato com DMSO e trabalho deve ser realizado de forma eficiente. Uma vez que as células estão em contato com DMSO, devem ser aliquotado e congelado dentro de 2-3 minutos. </li><li> Ml 1 alíquota da suspensão de células em cada cryovial. </li><li> Rapidamente colocar os frascos em um Mr. Frosty [para congelar rapidamente] e transferi-lo para -80 ° C durante a noite. </li><li> Após o armazenamento durante a noite a -80 ° C, a transferência das células para um tanque de nitrogênio líquido para o armazenamento de longo prazo. </li></ol> iPSC descongelar frasco e recuperação das células Nota: KSR-FF pode ser substituído com KSR meio contendo MEF-condicionado, ou médio KSR para uso com alimentadores. Veja o apêndice para obter instruções para a preparação de meios de comunicação. Pré-aquecer 10ml de KSR-FF médio em um tubo de 50 mL. <ol><li> Equilibrar a quantidade adequada de Geltrex revestido pratos à temperatura ambiente e aspirar qualquer tipo de líquido a partir os pratos antes que você platingr células. </li><li> Remova cuidadosamente a CTEh (ou iPSC) frasco de Tanque de armazenamento de nitrogênio líquido. </li><li> Descongelar rapidamente frasco frozen de células em um banho de água 37 ° C, até que apenas um pequeno pedaço congelado permanece no frasco. </li><li> Pulverizador frasco com 70% isopropanol para descontaminar-lo e transferi-la para a capa estéreis de cultura de tecidos. </li><li> Transferir assepticamente todo o conteúdo do frasco em um tubo cônico de 15 mL utilizando uma pipeta de 5 mL. </li><li> Lavar o frasco com 1 mL de KSR-FF e adicione este ao tubo de centrifugação de 15 mL. </li><li> Lentamente, adicionar 4 mL da KSR-FF gota a gota, para as células no tubo de 15mL cônico. Ao adicionar o meio, gentilmente mova o tubo para trás e para misturar as células. (Isto reduz choque osmótico para as células). </li><li> Centrifugar o tubo de 15 mL com a suspensão de células em 1000rpm (200 x g) por 2 minutos em temperatura ambiente. </li><li> Aspirar cuidadosamente e descartar o sobrenadante sem perturbar o pellet celular. </li><li> Re-suspender o pellet celular pré-aquecido KSR-FF (por exemplo, prato 4mL/60 milímetros), utilizando uma pipeta de 5 mL e gentilmente pipeta as células para cima e para baixo até pellet celular está totalmente dispersa. A viabilidade de mais de 70% é esperado, no entanto, se a viabilidade é inferior a 70%, pode demorar mais tempo para as células para chegar a confluência. </li><li> Usando a mesma pipeta, transferir a suspensão celular gota a gota, a Geltrex revestido placa de cultura pré-equilibradas à temperatura ambiente. </li><li> Coloque o prato de cultura em uma incubadora de 37 ° C, com uma atmosfera húmida de 4 a 6% CO 2 no ar. Cuidadosamente redemoinho em um navio norte a sul, de leste a oeste padrão para distribuir uniformemente as células. </li><li> Suavemente fluido mudar a placa de cultura de 24 horas pós-descongelamento, e depois diariamente para remover os restos celulares e para fornecer nutrientes fresco até que o prato é de aproximadamente 70-80% confluentes. Para a cultura e continuou passaging de células iPS seu, consulte nosso protocolo intitulado &quot;Alimentador-Livre Cultura e Passaging das células humanas iPS usando Completa KnockOut substituição Feeder Serum-Free Medium&quot; </li></ol> Resultados esperados As células devem ser cerca de 70-80% confluentes antes da criopreservação. Dispase resultados na digestão enrolando e dobrando das colônias ao longo das margens da colônia. Após a colheita as células são congeladas como pequenos aglomerados na mídia criopreservação. Uma vez que o frasco é descongelado, as células se recuperar e anexar o prato pré-revestidos como pequenos aglomerados. Eles crescem rapidamente levando a um prato confluentes em 5-6 dias. Tabela 1 - Volumes recomendadas <table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Componente </td><td> Dish 35 milímetros </td><td> Dish 60 milímetros </td><td> Dish 100 milímetros </td></tr><tr><td> Completa KnockOut SR médio </td><td> 2 mL </td><td> 4 mL </td><td> 10 mL </td></tr><tr><td> Geltrex Solution </td><td> 1 mL </td><td> 1,5 mL </td><td> 4-5 mL </td></tr><tr><td> Dispase </td><td> 0,5 mL </td><td> 1 mL </td><td> ML 3-4 </td></tr><tr><td> D-PBS para lavagem </td><td> 2 mL </td><td> 4 mL </td><td> 10 mL </td></tr></tbody></table> Por favor, <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/2237/2237_appendix.pdf">clique aqui para ver o apêndice</a> .

<ol>
	<li>Takahashi, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+pluripotent+stem+cells+from+mouse+embryonic+and+adult+fibroblast+cultures+by+defined+factors.">Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors.</a> Cell. 126, 663-676 (2006).</li><li>Takahashi, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+pluripotent+stem+cells+from+adult+human+fibroblasts+by+defined+factors.">Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors.</a> Cell. 131, 861-872 (2007).</li><li>Yu, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induced+pluripotent+stem+cell+lines+derived+from+human+somatic+cells.">Induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from human somatic cells.</a> Science. 318, 1917-1920 (2007).</li><li>Maherali, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Guidelines+and+techniques+for+the+generation+of+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells.">Guidelines and techniques for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 3, 595-605 (2008).</li><li>Li, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+rat+and+human+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells+by+combining+genetic+reprogramming+and+chemical+inhibitors.">Generation of rat and human induced pluripotent stem cells by combining genetic reprogramming and chemical inhibitors.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 4, 16-19 (2009).</li><li>Liao, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+induced+pluripotent+stem+cell+lines+from+adult+rat+cells.">Generation of induced pluripotent stem cell lines from adult rat cells.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 4, 11-15 (2009).</li><li>Dimos, J. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induced+pluripotent+stem+cells+generated+from+patients+with+ALS+can+be+differentiated+into+motor+neurons.">Induced pluripotent stem cells generated from patients with ALS can be differentiated into motor neurons.</a> Science. 321, 1218-1221 (2008).</li><li>Aasen, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+and+rapid+generation+of+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells+from+human+keratinocytes.">Efficient and rapid generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from human keratinocytes.</a> Nat Biotechnli. 26, 1276-1284 (2008).</li><li>Park, I. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+human-induced+pluripotent+stem+cells.">Generation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells.</a> Nat Protoc. 3, 1180-1186 (2008).</li></ol>

Os autores deste artigo são empregados por Life Technologies, que produz reagentes e instrumentos utilizados neste artigo.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Knockout DMEM/F12</td><td></td><td>12660-012</td><td>Note: see appendix for the use of alternative DMEM products GlutaMAX-I (Cat. No. 35050-061)</td></tr><tr><td>KnockOut Serum Replacement</td><td></td><td>10828-028</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>KnockOut Serum Replacement Growth Factor Cocktail</td><td></td><td>A10580-01</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FGF-basic, human recombinant protein, 10 &amp;mu;g</td><td></td><td>PHG0024</td><td>Note: see appendix for alternative bFGF pack sizes.</td></tr><tr><td>2-Mercapt&amp;#8211;thanol</td><td></td><td>21985-023</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dispase</td><td></td><td>17105-041</td><td>Note: see appendix for alternative passaging methods</td></tr><tr><td>Geltrex hESC-Qualified Reduced Growth Factor Basement Matrix, 1 mL</td><td></td><td>A10480-01</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dulbecco&amp;rsquo;s Phosphate Buffered Saline (D-PBS) without calcium and magnesium</td><td></td><td>14190-144</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DMSO, 500mL</td><td>JT Baker</td><td>JT9224-1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sterile Tissue Culture Hood</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Incubator set at 37&amp;#x00B0;C</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pipette-Aid</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Water Bath set at 37&amp;#x00B0;C</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sterile serological pipettes (5 mL, 10 mL)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Centrifuge</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>15 mL centrifuge tubes</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>60 mm Tissue Culture treated dishes</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Liquid nitrogen storage tank</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Isopropanol freezing containers</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1.5 mL Cryovials</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

cryopreserving and recovering of human ips cells using complete knockout serum replacement feeder-free medium

A descoberta em 2006 que fibroblastos humanos e mouse poderia ser reprogramado para gerar células iPS 1-3 com qualidades muito semelhantes às células-tronco embrionárias criou uma valiosa fonte de novas células pluripotentes para descoberta de medicamentos, terapia celular, e pesquisa básica. Media GIBCO e reagentes têm estado na vanguarda da pesquisa com células-tronco pluripotentes por anos. Knockout DMEM suplementado com Knockout Serum substituição é a mídia de sua escolha para o crescimento de células-tronco embrionárias e, agora, de cultura de células iPS 3-9. Este padrão ouro sistema de mídia agora pode ser usado para alimentação livre de cultura com a adição de Knockout SR Cocktail Fator de Crescimento. ES humana e métodos tradicionais de cultura de células iPS requerem o uso de mouse ou camadas de alimentação humana de fibroblastos, ou alimentador condicionado médio. Estes métodos cultura são de trabalho intensivo, difícil de escala e é difícil manter quadris células indiferenciadas, devido às condições indefinido. Invitrogen desenvolveu Knockout SR Cocktail Fator de Crescimento para permitir que você facilmente transição seus quadris e culturas de células-tronco embrionárias humanas para alimentação livre, mantendo o uso do SR Knockout.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Cryopreserving and Recovering of Human iPS Cells using Complete KnockOut Serum Replacement Feeder-Free Medium at JoVE.com

Cryopreserving and Recovering of Human iPS Cells using Complete KnockOut Serum Replacement Feeder-Free Medium

Este protocolo descreve o procedimento detalhado para a criopreservação de células iPS humanas no meio de criopreservação KnockOut SR e recuperação destas células em completa KnockOut Feeder SR Free (KSR-FF) médio ou alimentação baseada em médias KnockOut SR.

Criopreservação e recuperação das células humanas iPS usando KnockOut Completa Feeder livre de substituição de soro Médio

The discovery in 2006 that human and mouse fibroblasts could be reprogrammed to generate iPS cells 1-3 with qualities remarkably similar to embryonic stem ...

cryopreserving-recovering-human-ips-cells-using-complete-knockout

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

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Vídeo: Cryopreserving and Recovering of Human iPS Cells using Complete KnockOut Serum Replacement Feeder-Free Medium

Generating iPS Cells from MEFS through Forced Expression of Sox-2, Oct-4, c-Myc, and Klf4

Pluripotency can be induced in differentiated murine by viral transduction of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006; Wernig, et al., 2007; Okita, et al., 2007; Maherali, et al., 2007). We have devised a reprogramming strategy in which these four transcription factors are expressed from doxycycline (dox)-inducible lentiviral vectors (Brambrink et al., 2008). Using these inducible constructs, we can derive induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). In this video, we demonstrate the procedure for the generation of inducible lentiviruses that express the four transcription factors and show how to infect MEFs with these viruses in order to produce iPS cells. By using inducible lentiviruses, the expression of the four factors in controlled by the addition of doxycyline to the culture medium. The advantage of this system over the traditional retroviral infection is the ability to turn the genes on and off so that the kinetics of reprogramming and gene expression requirements can be analyzed in detail.

This video shows the procedure for generating induced pluripotent stem cells using inducible lentivirus that express Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4.

Geração de iPS a partir de células MEFS através da expressão forçada de Sox-2, Oct-4, c-Myc e KLF4

Pluripotency can be induced in differentiated murine by viral transduction of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006;  Wernig, et al., ...

Biologia

Small-scale Propagation of Human iPSCs in Serum-free Conditions for Routine Immunocytochemical Characterization

There is great interest in utilizing human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) for disease modeling and cell therapeutics due to their patient specificity and characteristic stemness. However, the pluripotency of iPSCs, which is essential to their functionality, must be confirmed before these cells can be used in such applications. While a rigorous characterization of iPSCs, through different cellular and functional assays is necessary to establish their pluripotency, routine assessment of pluripotency maintenance can be achieved more simply and effectively through immunocytochemical techniques. Here, we present a systematic protocol for culturing hiPSCs, in a scaled-down manner, to particularly facilitate the verification of their pluripotent state using immunocytochemistry. More specifically, this methodology encompasses an efficient and cost-effective means of growing iPSCs in serum-free conditions and plating them on small chamber slides or glass coverslips ideal for immunocytochemistry.

Regular characterization of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), to ascertain maintenance of their pluripotent state, is an important step before these cells are used for other applications. Here we describe a method for the small-scale propagation of human iPSCs specifically designed to enable their easy and routine characterization via immunocytochemistry.

Propagação em pequena escala de iPSCs humano em condições sem soro para a caracterização imunocitoquímica de rotina

There is great interest in utilizing human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) for disease modeling and cell therapeutics due to their patient ...

Biologia do Desenvolvimento

Defined Xeno-free and Feeder-free Culture Conditions for the Generation of Human iPSC-derived Retinal Cell Models

The production of specialized cells from pluripotent stem cells provides a powerful tool to develop new approaches for regenerative medicine. The use of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is particularly attractive for neurodegenerative disease studies, including retinal dystrophies, where iPSC-derived retinal cell models mark a major step forward to understand and fight blindness. In this paper, we describe a simple and scalable protocol to generate, mature, and cryopreserve retinal organoids. Based on medium changing, the main advantage of this method is to avoid multiple and time-consuming steps commonly required in a guided differentiation of iPSCs. Mimicking the early phases of retinal development by successive changes of defined media on adherent human iPSC cultures, this protocol allows the simultaneous generation of self-forming neuroretinal structures and retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells in a reproducible and efficient manner in 4 weeks. These structures containing retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) can be easily isolated for further maturation in a floating culture condition enabling the differentiation of RPCs into the seven retinal cell types present in the adult human retina. Additionally, we describe quick methods for the cryopreservation of retinal organoids and RPE cells for long-term storage. Combined together, the methods described here will be useful to produce and bank human iPSC-derived retinal cells or tissues for both basic and clinical research.

The production of specialized retinal cells from pluripotent stem cells is a turning point in the development of stem cell-based therapy for retinal diseases. The present paper describes a simple method for an efficient generation of retinal organoids and retinal pigmented epithelium for basic, translational, and clinical research.

Definidos Xeno-free e livre de alimentador condições de cultura para a geração de humanos iPSC-derivado da retina célula modelos

The production of specialized cells from pluripotent stem cells provides a powerful tool to develop new approaches for regenerative medicine. The use of ...

Feeder-Free Adaptation, Culture and Passaging of Human IPS Cells using Complete KnockOut Serum Replacement Feeder-Free Medium

The discovery in 2006 that human and mouse fibroblasts could be reprogrammed to generate iPS cells 1-3 with qualities remarkably similar to embryonic stem cells has created a valuable new source of pluripotent cells for drug discovery, cell therapy, and basic research.
GIBCO media and reagents have been at the forefront of pluripotent stem cell research for years. Knockout DMEM supplemented with Knockout Serum Replacement is the media of choice for embryonic stem cell growth and now iPS cell culture 3-9. This gold standard media system can now be used for feeder-free culture with the addition of Knockout SR Growth Factor Cocktail.
Traditional human ES and iPS cell culture methods require the use of mouse or human fibroblast feeder layers, or feeder-conditioned medium. These culture methods are labor-intensive, hard to scale and it is difficult to maintain hiPS cells undifferentiated due to the undefined conditions. Invitrogen has developed Knockout SR Growth Factor Cocktail to allow you to easily transition your hiPS cell cultures to feeder-free while still maintaining your use of Knockout SR.

The following protocol provides instruction for adapting human induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) Cells to feeder-free culture using complete KnockOut Serum Replacement Feeder-Free medium (KSR-FF). Once adapted, instructions for continual maintenance are also provided.

Alimentador livre adaptação, Cultura e Passaging de células iPS humanas usando Completa KnockOut Alimentador-Free substituição Serum Médio

Transfecting and Nucleofecting Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Genetic modification is continuing to be an essential tool in studying stem cell biology and in setting forth potential clinical applications of human embryonic stem cells (HESCs)1. While improvements in several gene delivery methods have been described2-9, transfection remains a capricious process for HESCs, and has not yet been reported in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In this video, we demonstrate how our lab routinely transfects and nucleofects human iPSCs using plasmid with an enhanced green fluorescence protein (eGFP) reporter. Human iPSCs are adapted and maintained as feeder-free cultures to eliminate the possibility of feeder cell transfection and to allow efficient selection of stable transgenic iPSC clones following transfection. For nucleofection, human iPSCs are pre-treated with ROCK inhibitor11, trypsinized into small clumps of cells, nucleofected and replated on feeders in feeder cell-conditioned medium to enhance cell recovery. Transgene-expressing human iPSCs can be obtained after 6 hours. Antibiotic selection is applied after 24 hours and stable transgenic lines appear within 1 week. Our protocol is robust and reproducible for human iPSC lines without altering pluripotency of these cells.

Despite recent advancements in genetic modification, transfection of human embryonic stem cells (HESCs) remains a capricious process. To our knowledge, systematic and efficient methods to transfect human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have not been reported. Here, we describe robust protocols to efficiently transfect and nucleofect human iPSCs.

Transfectando e Nucleofecting células-tronco pluripotentes induzidas

Genetic modification is continuing to be an essential tool in studying stem cell biology and in setting forth potential clinical applications of human ...

Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could be considered, to date, a promising source of pluripotent cells for the management of currently untreatable diseases, for the reconstitution and regeneration of injured tissues and for the development of new drugs. Despite all the advantages related to the use of iPSCs, such as the low risk of rejection, the lessened ethical issues, and the possibility to obtain them from both young and old patients without any difference in their reprogramming potential, problems to overcome are still numerous. In fact, cell reprogramming conducted with viral and integrating viruses can cause infections and the introduction of required genes can induce a genomic instability of the recipient cell, impairing their use in clinic. In particular, there are many concerns about the use of c-Myc gene, well-known from several studies for its mutation-inducing activity. Fibroblasts have emerged as the suitable cell population for cellular reprogramming as they are easy to isolate and culture and are harvested by a minimally invasive skin punch biopsy. The protocol described here provides a detailed step-by-step description of the whole procedure, from sample processing to obtain cell cultures, choice of reagents and supplies, cleaning and preparation, to cell reprogramming by the means of a commercial non-modified RNAs (NM-RNAs)-based reprogramming kit. The chosen reprogramming kit allows an effective reprogramming of human dermal fibroblast to iPSCs and small colonies can be seen as early as 24 h after the first transfection, even with modifications with the respect to the standard datasheet. The reprogramming procedure used in this protocol offers the advantage of a safe reprogramming, without the risk of infections caused by viral vector-based methods, reduces the cellular defense mechanisms, and allows the generation of xeno-free iPSCs, all critical features that are mandatory for further clinical applications.

Cell reprogramming requires the introduction of key genes, which regulate and maintain the pluripotent cell state. The protocol described enables the formation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) colonies from human dermal fibroblasts without viral/integrating methods but using non-modified RNAs (NM-RNAs) combined with immune evasion factors reducing cellular defense mechanisms.

Isolamento de fibroblastos dérmicos humanos adultos da pele abdominal e geração de células-tronco pluripotentes induzidas usando um método não integrador

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could be considered, to date, a promising source of pluripotent cells for the management of currently untreatable ...

Bioengenharia

Generation of Human Cardiomyocytes: A Differentiation Protocol from Feeder-free Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

In order to investigate the events driving heart development and to determine the molecular mechanisms leading to myocardial diseases in humans, it is essential first to generate functional human cardiomyocytes (CMs). The use of these cells in drug discovery and toxicology studies would also be highly beneficial, allowing new pharmacological molecules for the treatment of cardiac disorders to be validated pre-clinically on cells of human origin. Of the possible sources of CMs, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are among the most promising, as they can be derived directly from readily accessible patient tissue and possess an intrinsic capacity to give rise to all cell types of the body 1. Several methods have been proposed for differentiating iPS cells into CMs, ranging from the classical embryoid bodies (EBs) aggregation approach to chemically defined protocols 2,3. In this article we propose an EBs-based protocol and show how this method can be employed to efficiently generate functional CM-like cells from feeder-free iPS cells.

Pluripotent stem cells, either embryonic or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, constitute a valuable source of human differentiated cells, including cardiomyocytes. Here, we will focus on cardiac induction of iPS cells, showing how to use them to obtain functional human cardiomyocytes through an embryoid bodies-based protocol.

Geração de cardiomiócitos Humanos: Um Protocolo de Diferenciação de Feeder livres Humanos células-tronco pluripotentes induzidas

In order to investigate the events driving heart development and to determine the molecular mechanisms leading to myocardial diseases in humans, it is ...

Cell Surface Marker Mediated Purification of iPS Cell Intermediates from a Reprogrammable Mouse Model

Mature cells can be reprogrammed to a pluripotent state. These so called induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are able to give rise to all cell types of the body and consequently have vast potential for regenerative medicine applications. Traditionally iPS cells are generated by viral introduction of transcription factors Oct-4, Klf-4, Sox-2, and c-Myc (OKSM) into fibroblasts. However, reprogramming is an inefficient process with only 0.1-1% of cells reverting towards a pluripotent state, making it difficult to study the reprogramming mechanism. A proven methodology that has allowed the study of the reprogramming process is to separate the rare intermediates of the reaction from the refractory bulk population. In the case of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), we and others have previously shown that reprogramming cells undergo a distinct series of changes in the expression profile of cell surface markers which can be used for the separation of these cells. During the early stages of OKSM expression successfully reprogramming cells lose fibroblast identity marker Thy-1.2 and up-regulate pluripotency associated marker Ssea-1. The final transition of a subset of Ssea-1 positive cells towards the pluripotent state is marked by the expression of Epcam during the late stages of reprogramming. Here we provide a detailed description of the methodology used to isolate reprogramming intermediates from cultures of reprogramming MEFs. In order to increase experimental reproducibility we use a reprogrammable mouse strain that has been engineered to express a transcriptional transactivator (m2rtTA) under control of the Rosa26 locus and OKSM under control of a doxycycline responsive promoter. Cells isolated from these mice are isogenic and express OKSM homogenously upon addition of doxycycline. We describe in detail the establishment of the reprogrammable mice, the derivation of MEFs, and the subsequent isolation of intermediates during reprogramming into iPS cells via fluorescent activated cells sorting (FACS).

Mouse embryonic fibroblast can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells at low efficiency by the forced expression of transcription factors Oct-4, Sox-2, Klf-4, c-Myc. The rare intermediates of the reprogramming reaction are FACS isolated via labeling with antibodies against cell surface makers Thy-1.2, Ssea-1, and Epcam.

Marcador de superfície celular Purificação Mediada de iPS Intermediários celulares a partir de um modelo Reprogramável mouse

Mature cells can be reprogrammed to a pluripotent state. These so called induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are able to give rise to all cell types of ...

Efficient iPS Cell Generation from Blood Using Episomes and HDAC Inhibitors

This manuscript illustrates a protocol for efficiently creating integration-free human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from peripheral blood using episomal plasmids and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. The advantages of this approach include: (1) the use of a minimal amount of peripheral blood as a source material; (2) nonintegrating reprogramming vectors; (3) a cost effective method for generating vector free iPSCs; (4) a single transfection; and (5) the use of small molecules to facilitate epigenetic reprogramming. Briefly, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are isolated from routine phlebotomy samples and then cultured in defined growth factors to yield a highly proliferative erythrocyte progenitor cell population that is remarkably amenable to reprogramming. Nonintegrating, nontransmissible episomal plasmids expressing OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, MYCL, LIN28A, and a p53 short hairpin (sh)RNA are introduced into the derived erythroblasts via a single nucleofection. Cotransfection of an episome that expresses enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) allows for easy identification of transfected cells. A separate replication-deficient plasmid expressing Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) is also added to the reaction mixture for increased expression of episomal proteins. Transfected cells are then plated onto a layer of irradiated mouse embryonic fibroblasts (iMEFs) for continued reprogramming. As soon as iPSC-like colonies appear at about twelve days after nucleofection, HDAC inhibitors are added to the medium to facilitate epigenetic remodeling. We have found that the inclusion of HDAC inhibitors routinely increases the generation of fully reprogrammed iPSC colonies by 2 fold. Once iPSC colonies exhibit typical human embryonic stem cell (hESC) morphology, they are gently transferred to individual iMEF-coated tissue culture plates for continued growth and expansion.

Here we describe a protocol for generating human induced pluripotent stem cells from peripheral blood using an episome based reprogramming strategy and histone deacetylase inhibitors.

Eficiente Geração células iPS a partir de sangue, utilizando epissomas e HDAC Inibidores

This manuscript illustrates a protocol for efficiently creating integration-free human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from peripheral blood using ...

Advances in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Expressing Natural Killer Cells

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells that play a crucial role in the body's defense against tumors and viral infections. The generation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) expressing NK cells has emerged as a promising avenue for "off the shelf" cancer immunotherapy. Here, we utilized an NK cell-optimized CAR construct that includes the transmembrane domain of NKG2D, the 2B4 co-stimulatory domain, and the CD3&#950; signaling domain, which has been demonstrated to stimulate robust antigen-specific NK cell-mediated antitumor activity. The use of iPSCs for CAR NK cell generation offers several advantages, including homogenous CAR expression, scalability, reproducibility, and the potential for clinical application. This detailed step-by-step protocol from cell engineering to differentiation enables the generation of NK cell-optimized iPSC-derived CAR-expressing NK cells, providing a standardized and targeted cancer immunotherapy with improved antitumor activity and highlighting their potential as a promising treatment option for various malignancies.

Here, we present a method to differentiate and expand human iPSC-derived chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing natural killer cells with improved killing against various malignancies. This protocol demonstrates the differentiation and expansion of natural killer (NK) optimized iPSC-derived CAR-NK cells and the measurement of antitumor activity against various tumor cell lines.

Avanços em células-tronco pluripotentes induzidas por humanos que expressam o receptor natural killer do antígeno quimérico derivado de células-tronco

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells that play a crucial role in the body's defense against tumors and viral infections. The generation of ...