Name: peptide:mhc tetramer-based enrichment of epitope-specific t cells
Uploaded: 2012-10-22T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Peptide:MHC Tetramer-based Enrichment of Epitope-specific T cells at JoVE.com

The authors would like to thank Andre Han and Lawrence Yen for technical assistance, and members of the Jenkins lab for help in the development of this protocol.

1. Cell Isolation from Lymphoid Tissue
<ol>
 <li>Add 1 ml of ice cold cEHAA (EHAA + 10% FBS, pen/strep, gentamycin, 2 mM L-glutamine, 55 mM 2-mercaptoethanol) or other equivalent T cell medium, to a 60 mm culture dish containing a small square of 100 &mu;m nylon mesh and place on ice.</li>
 <li>Euthanize mouse.</li>
 <li>Remove the spleen and as many easily accessible lymph nodes as possible. These should include at least the inguinal, axillary, brachial, cervical, and mesenteric lymph nodes. Place them on top of the n...

<ol>
	<li>Knutson, K. L., dela Rosa, C., Disis, M. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laboratory+analysis+of+T-cell+immunity.">Laboratory analysis of T-cell immunity.</a> Front Biosci. 11, 1932-1944 (2006).</li><li>Kearney, E. R., Pape, K. A., Loh, D. Y., Jenkins, M. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visualization+of+peptide-specific+T+cell+immunity+and+peripheral+tolerance+induction+in+vivo.">Visualization of peptide-specific T cell immunity and peripheral tolerance induction in vivo.</a> Immunity. 1, 327-339 (1994).</li><li>Moon, J. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tracking+epitope-specific+T+cells.">Tracking epitope-specific T cells.</a> Nat Protoc. 4, 565-581 (2009).</li><li>Hataye, J., Moon, J. J., Khoruts, A., Reilly, C., Jenkins, M. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Naive+and+memory+CD4++T+cell+survival+controlled+by+clonal+abundance.">Naive and memory CD4+ T cell survival controlled by clonal abundance.</a> Science. 312, 114-116 (2006).</li><li>Marzo, A. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Initial+T+cell+frequency+dictates+memory+CD8++T+cell+lineage+commitment.">Initial T cell frequency dictates memory CD8+ T cell lineage commitment.</a> Nat Immunol. 6, 793-799 (2005).</li><li>Davis, M. M., Altman, J. D., Newell, E. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interrogating+the+repertoire:+broadening+the+scope+of+peptide-MHC+multimer+analysis.">Interrogating the repertoire: broadening the scope of peptide-MHC multimer analysis.</a> Nature reviews. Immunology. 11, 551-558 (2011).</li><li>Moon, J. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Naive+CD4(+)+T+cell+frequency+varies+for+different+epitopes+and+predicts+repertoire+diversity+and+response+magnitude.">Naive CD4(+) T cell frequency varies for different epitopes and predicts repertoire diversity and response magnitude.</a> Immunity. 27, 203-213 (2007).</li><li>Seah, S. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+linear+range+for+accurately+quantifying+antigen-specific+T-cell+frequencies+by+tetramer+staining+during+natural+immune+responses.">The linear range for accurately quantifying antigen-specific T-cell frequencies by tetramer staining during natural immune responses.</a> European Journal of Immunology. 41, 1499-1500 (2011).</li><li>Obar, J. J., Khanna, K. M., Lefrancois, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endogenous+naive+CD8++T+cell+precursor+frequency+regulates+primary+and+memory+responses+to+infection.">Endogenous naive CD8+ T cell precursor frequency regulates primary and memory responses to infection.</a> Immunity. 28, 859-869 (2008).</li><li>Daniels, M. A., Jameson, S. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Critical+role+for+CD8+in+T+cell+receptor+binding+and+activation+by+peptide/major+histocompatibility+complex+multimers.">Critical role for CD8 in T cell receptor binding and activation by peptide/major histocompatibility complex multimers.</a> J Exp Med. 191, 335-346 (2000).</li><li>Pittet, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alpha+3+domain+mutants+of+peptide/MHC+class+I+multimers+allow+the+selective+isolation+of+high+avidity+tumor-reactive+CD8+T+cells.">Alpha 3 domain mutants of peptide/MHC class I multimers allow the selective isolation of high avidity tumor-reactive CD8 T cells.</a> Journal of Immunology. 171, 1844-1849 (2003).</li><li>Choi, E. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+avidity+antigen-specific+CTL+identified+by+CD8-independent+tetramer+staining.">High avidity antigen-specific CTL identified by CD8-independent tetramer staining.</a> Journal of Immunology. 171, 5116-5123 (2003).</li><li>Chu, H. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Positive+selection+optimizes+the+number+and+function+of+MHCII-restricted+CD4++T+cell+clones+in+the+naive+polyclonal+repertoire.">Positive selection optimizes the number and function of MHCII-restricted CD4+ T cell clones in the naive polyclonal repertoire.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 106, 11241-11245 (2009).</li><li>Chu, H. H., Moon, J. J., Kruse, A. C., Pepper, M., Jenkins, M. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Negative+Selection+and+Peptide+Chemistry+Determine+the+Size+of+Naive+Foreign+Peptide-MHC+Class+II-Specific+CD4++T+Cell+Populations.">Negative Selection and Peptide Chemistry Determine the Size of Naive Foreign Peptide-MHC Class II-Specific CD4+ T Cell Populations.</a> J Immunol. 185, 4705-4713 (2010).</li><li>Legoux, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impact+of+TCR+reactivity+and+HLA+phenotype+on+naive+CD8+T+cell+frequency+in+humans.">Impact of TCR reactivity and HLA phenotype on naive CD8 T cell frequency in humans.</a> J Immunol. 184, 6731-6738 (2010).</li><li>Alanio, C., Lemaitre, F., Law, H. K., Hasan, M., Albert, M. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enumeration+of+human+antigen-specific+naive+CD8++T+cells+reveals+conserved+precursor+frequencies.">Enumeration of human antigen-specific naive CD8+ T cells reveals conserved precursor frequencies.</a> Blood. 115, 3718-3725 (2010).</li><li>Kwok, W. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Frequency+of+Epitope-Specific+Naive+CD4++T+Cells+Correlates+with+Immunodominance+in+the+Human+Memory+Repertoire.">Frequency of Epitope-Specific Naive CD4+ T Cells Correlates with Immunodominance in the Human Memory Repertoire.</a> Journal of Immunology. 188, 2537-2544 (2012).</li><li>Jenkins, M. K., Chu, H. H., McLachlan, J. B., Moon, J. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=On+the+composition+of+the+preimmune+repertoire+of+T+cells+specific+for+Peptide-major+histocompatibility+complex+ligands.">On the composition of the preimmune repertoire of T cells specific for Peptide-major histocompatibility complex ligands.</a> Annu Rev Immunol. 28, 275-294 (2010).</li><li>Matechak, E. O., Killeen, N., Hedrick, S. M., Fowlkes, B. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MHC+class+II-specific+T+cells+can+develop+in+the+CD8+lineage+when+CD4+is+absent.">MHC class II-specific T cells can develop in the CD8 lineage when CD4 is absent.</a> Immunity. 4, 337-347 (1996).</li><li>Burchill, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Linked+T+cell+receptor+and+cytokine+signaling+govern+the+development+of+the+regulatory+T+cell+repertoire.">Linked T cell receptor and cytokine signaling govern the development of the regulatory T cell repertoire.</a> Immunity. 28, 112-121 (2008).</li><li>Pepper, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Different+routes+of+bacterial+infection+induce+long-lived+TH1+memory+cells+and+short-lived+TH17+cells.">Different routes of bacterial infection induce long-lived TH1 memory cells and short-lived TH17 cells.</a> Nature Immunology. 11, 83-89 (2010).</li></ol>

The pMHC tetramer based cell enrichment method presented by this protocol is a powerful tool for studying epitope-specific T cells from endogenous T cell repertoires. The use of pMHC tetramers enables detection of epitope-specific T cells based directly on the ability of their TCRs to bind cognate pMHC ligands. The enrichment provides a level of sensitivity such that extremely rare populations of antigen-specific T cells can be detected from endogenous repertoires of T cells without any manipulation of their gene...

<table border="1">
 <tbody>
 <tr>
 <td>Reagent</td>
 <td>Vendor</td>
 <td>Catalog number</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>PE or APC conjugated pMHC tetramer (or multimer)</td>
 <td>Made by investigator, obtained from the NIH tetramer core, or purchased from commercial sources</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Anti-PE conjugated magnetic microbeads</td>
 <td>Miltenyi</td>
 <td>130-048-801</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Anti-APC conjugated magnetic microbeads</td>
 <td>Miltenyi</td>
 <td>130-090-855</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>LS magnetic columns</td>
 <td>Miltenyi</td>
 <td>130-042-401</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>MidiMACS or QuadroMACS magnet</td>
 <td>Miltenyi</td>
 <td>130-042-302 or 130-090-976</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Cell counting beads</td>
 <td>Life Technologies</td>
 <td>PCB-100</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
 </table>

peptide:mhc tetramer-based enrichment of epitope-specific t cells

A basic necessity for researchers studying adaptive immunity with in vivo experimental models is an ability to identify T cells based on their T cell antigen receptor (TCR) specificity. Many indirect methods are available in which a bulk population of T cells is stimulated in vitro with a specific antigen and epitope-specific T cells are identified through the measurement of a functional response such as proliferation, cytokine production, or expression of activation markers1. However, these methods only identify epitope-specific T cells exhibiting one of many possible functions, and they are not sensitive enough to detect epitope-specific T cells at naive precursor frequencies. A popular alternative is the TCR transgenic adoptive transfer model, in which monoclonal T cells from a TCR transgenic mouse are seeded into histocompatible hosts to create a large precursor population of epitope-specific T cells that can be easily tracked with the use of a congenic marker antibody2,3. While powerful, this method suffers from experimental artifacts associated with the unphysiological frequency of T cells with specificity for a single epitope4,5. Moreover, this system cannot be used to investigate the functional heterogeneity of epitope-specific T cell clones within a polyclonal population.
	The ideal way to study adaptive immunity should involve the direct detection of epitope-specific T cells from the endogenous T cell repertoire using a method that distinguishes TCR specificity solely by its binding to cognate peptide:MHC (pMHC) complexes. The use of pMHC tetramers and flow cytometry accomplishes this6, but is limited to the detection of high frequency populations of epitope-specific T cells only found following antigen-induced clonal expansion. In this protocol, we describe a method that coordinates the use of pMHC tetramers and magnetic cell enrichment technology to enable detection of extremely low frequency epitope-specific T cells from mouse lymphoid tissues3,7. With this technique, one can comprehensively track entire epitope-specific populations of endogenous T cells in mice at all stages of the immune response.

Figure 1 depicts representative flow cytometry plots of pMHCII tetramer enriched spleen and lymph node samples from naive mice, while Figure 2 depicts representative data for mice previously immunized with the relevant peptide+CFA. Serial gating removes autofluorescent and other unwanted events from the analysis of CD4+ T cell populations. The CD8+ T cell population serves as a useful internal negative control for pMHCII tetramer staining of CD4+ T cells. Note that bound fractions from t...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Peptide:MHC Tetramer-based Enrichment of Epitope-specific T cells at JoVE.com

Peptide:MHC Tetramer-based Enrichment of Epitope-specific T cells

This protocol describes the use of peptide:MHC tetramers and magnetic microbeads to isolate low frequency populations of epitope-specific T cells and analyze them by flow cytometry. This method enables the direct study of endogenous T cell populations of interest from in vivo experimental systems.

A  basic necessity for researchers studying adaptive immunity with in vivo experimental models is an  ability to identify T cells based on their T cell ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Retroviral Transduction of T-cell Receptors in Mouse T-cells

T-cell receptors (TCRs) play a central role in the immune system. TCRs on T-cell surfaces can specifically recognize peptide antigens presented by antigen ...

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Na&iuml;ve and Memory T Cells

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Na&#239;ve and Memory T Cells

The development and maintenance of immunosuppressive CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) contribute to the peripheral tolerance needed to remain in ...

Directed Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells towards T Lymphocytes

Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of antigen-specific CD8+  cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is a promising treatment for a variety of  malignancies 1. CTLs can  ...

piggyBac Transposon System Modification of Primary Human T Cells

piggyBac Transposon System Modification of Primary Human T Cells

The piggyBac transposon system is naturally active, originally derived from the cabbage looper moth1,2. This non-viral system is plasmid based, most ...

Isolation of Double Negative &#945;&#946; T Cells from the Kidney

There is currently no standard protocol for the isolation of DN T cells from the non-lymphoid tissues despite their increasingly reported involvement in ...

Derivation of T Cells In Vitro from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Derivation of T Cells In Vitro from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

The OP9/OP9-DL1 co-culture system has become a well-established method for deriving differentiated blood cell types from embryonic and hematopoietic ...

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood

The study of human T lymphocyte biology often involves examination of responses to activating ligands. T cells recognize and respond to processed peptide ...

Automated Cell Enrichment of Cytomegalovirus-specific T cells for Clinical Applications using the Cytokine-capture System

The adoptive transfer of pathogen-specific T cells can be used to prevent and treat opportunistic infections such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection ...

T Cells Capture Bacteria by Transinfection from Dendritic Cells

Recently, we have shown, contrary to what is described, that CD4+ T cells, the paradigm of adaptive immune cells, capture bacteria from infected dendritic ...

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-&#946;-containing Protocol