Agradecemos Yoshiko Miyake, Sayaka Kanaami, Chihana Fujita, Miho Yamaguchi, Natsuko Henmi, e Ohno Rei da Escola de Medicina da Universidade de Keio para assistência técnica. Este trabalho foi parcialmente financiado por um programa de apoio à I &amp; D Systems para acelerar a utilização prática dos resultados da pesquisa em saúde, e do Programa Estrada para a Realização de Medicina Regenerativa.

1. Prepare células T humanas activadas <ol><li> Colete 10 ml de sangue total heparinizado de um doador por punção venosa. <ol><li> Obter o consentimento informado dos doadores antes da punção venosa. Punção venosa deve ser feita por pessoal qualificado e treinado. </li><li> Lidar com amostras de sangue obtidas com equipamentos esterilizados e seguintes diretrizes de biossegurança adequadas. </li></ol></li><li> Dilui-se 10 ml de sangue total heparinizado com 10 ml de D-PBS (-). </li><li> Colocar 15 ml de Ficoll solução (prémio de Ficoll-Paque) para um novo tubo cónico de 50 ml. </li><li> Camada da solução de sangue de 20 ml, preparada na etapa 1.2 para a solução de Ficoll no passo 1.3. Usando uma pipeta elétrica, deixe a solução de sangue preparada no Passo 1.2 funcionar lentamente ao longo da parede interior do tubo. Tenha cuidado para não misturar a solução de sangue e solução de Ficoll. </li><li> Centrifuga-se a 400 x g durante 30 min à TA. Defina a velocidade de desaceleração centrífuga para &quot;lento&quot;. Nota: Após a centrifugação, uma fina brancocamada surge entre uma camada de plasma leitoso superior e uma camada inferior Ficoll clara. Esta fina camada branca contém células mononucleares. </li><li> Transferir a camada de células mononucleares para um novo tubo cónico de 50 ml com uma pipeta de 1 ml. Tenha cuidado para não incluir solução Ficoll. </li><li> Adicionar D-PBS (-) para as células mononucleares a um volume total de 10 ml, e centrifugar a 200 x g durante 5 min à TA. </li><li> Desprezar o sobrenadante. Adicionar 10 ml de D-PBS (-) para as células mononucleares, e centrifugar a 200 x g durante 5 min à TA. </li><li> Desprezar o sobrenadante, adicionar 1 ml de meio KBM502 para as células mononucleares coletadas, e contar as células utilizando um hemocitómetro. Mais de 5 x 10 6 células mononucleares pode ser obtido a partir de 10 ml de sangue total heparinizado com separação apropriada usando Ficoll. </li><li> Prepara-se uma solução de anticorpo anti-CD3 humano a uma concentração de 10 ug / ml em D-PBS (-). Adicionar a solução de anticorpo anti-CD3 humano de uma placa de 6 poços, embeber a ressacaás de cada poço, e a incubação do prato a 37 ° C numa atmosfera de 5% de CO2 durante pelo menos 30 min. </li><li> Remover a solução de anticorpo CD3 anti-humano a partir de cada cavidade e lavar uma vez com D-PBS (-) imediatamente antes de semear as células. </li><li> Células mononucleares de semente que foram preparados no passo 1.9, a uma densidade de 2,5 x 10 5 células / cm2 sobre o anti-CD3 humana revestidas com anticorpo placas de 6 poços em meio de KBM502. Incubar a 37 ° C numa atmosfera de 5% CO 2 incubadora durante 3-7 dias, sem mudança de meio, as células T até a confluência. As células T neste período são as duas células em suspensão e aderentes. </li></ol> 2. As células T humanas Infect com SEV Vetores <ol><li> Depois de 3-7 dias de cultura, recolher as células T ativadas com meio existente por pipetagem. Transferi-los para um tubo cónico de 15 ml e centrifugar a 200 x g durante 5 min à TA. </li><li> Remover o sobrenadante e adicionar 1 ml de meio fresco KBM502. Contar as células e placa 1.5 x 10 6 células (em 2 ml de meio fresco KBM502) em cada poço de um anti-CD3 anticorpo revestidos por placa de 6 poços. </li><li> Descongele as soluções de OCT3 SEV / 4-SEV / TSΔF, SOX2-SEV / TSΔF, KLF4-SEV / TSΔF, e c-MYC (HNL) -SeV / TS15ΔF no gelo. </li><li> Adicionar as soluções contendo OCT3 Sev / 4-SEV / TSΔF, SOX2-SEV / TSΔF, KLF4-SEV / TSΔF, e c-Myc (LCF) -SeV / TS15ΔF individualmente para os poços, cada um com uma multiplicidade de infecção (MOI) 10. Incubar a 37 ° C numa atmosfera de 5% CO 2 incubadora durante mais 24 horas. </li></ol> 3. Retire Vetores SEV de células T humanas <ol><li> 24 h após a infecção, as células infectadas recolha com uma pipeta. Se houver células aderentes, eles podem facilmente ser destacado pipetando-los várias vezes para cima e para baixo. Transferi-los para um tubo cónico de 15 ml e centrifugar a 200 x g durante 5 min à TA. </li><li> Remover o sobrenadante contendo os vetores SEV, e adicionar 2 ml de meio KBM502 fresco. Células replate em each dos poços. Incubar a 37 ° C numa atmosfera de 5% CO 2 incubadora durante mais 24 horas adicionais. </li></ol> 4. RESEED células em uma camada Matrigel <ol><li> Preparar a solução matriz da membrana basal por gel matriz descongelação (consulte a Lista de Materiais para a marca específica utilizada neste estudo) a 4 ° C e dissolvendo 0,2 ml em 10 ml de meio DMEM / F12. Nota: gel Matrix (consulte a Lista de Materiais para a marca específica utilizada neste estudo) precisa descongelar O / N a 4 ° C para ser totalmente descongelado. Mantenha-o em gelo até imediatamente antes da utilização. </li><li> Placa 5 ml de solução de matriz da membrana basal por placa em placas de 100 mm e deixar à temperatura ambiente durante pelo menos 30 min antes da sementeira de células. Pelo menos duas placas de 100 mm são necessários para um experimento. </li><li> Recolhe células SEV-infectados por pipetagem, transferi-los para um tubo cónico de 15 ml e centrifugar a 200 x g durante 5 min à TA. </li><li> Remover o sobrenadante e adicionar 1 ml de meio fresco KBM502. Contar o número de cells usando um hemocitômetro, remova a solução de matriz da membrana basal de pratos de 100 mm preparado no passo 4.2 e placa 1 × 10 5 e 1 × 10 6 células (em 10 ml de meio mTeSR fresco) em uma de 100 mm membrana basal matriz revestido pratos. Finalmente, use a placa em que as colônias são facilmente colhidas. </li><li> Incubar a placa a 37 ° C numa atmosfera de 5% CO 2 incubadora S / N. </li><li> Mude a médio e 10 ml carne médio mTeSR a cada dois dias. Nota: Aproximadamente 20-30 dias após a infecção, colônias que se assemelham células-tronco embrionárias (CES) aparecerá. </li></ol> 5. Expanda T iPSCs derivadas de células <ol><li> Preparar a solução matriz da membrana basal por gel matriz descongelação (consulte a Lista de Materiais para a marca específica utilizada neste estudo) a 4 ° C e dissolvendo 0,2 ml em 10 ml de meio DMEM / F12. </li><li> Placa 1 ml da solução de matriz da membrana basal por poço numa placa de 6 poços e deixar à temperatura ambiente durante amenos 30 minutos antes de escolher colônias. </li><li> Encha uma placa de 96 poços com 20 ul de meio por poço mTeSR. </li><li> Selecione colônias que se assemelham a CES sob o microscópio estereoscópico com uma pipeta de 20 mL. Nota: As colônias do CES e iPSCs são redondos e lisos como mostrado na Figura 1B. </li><li> Transferência de colónias seleccionadas para a placa de 96 poços preenchidos com meio mTeSR no passo 5.3. </li><li> Adicionar 200 ul de meio mTeSR a cada poço e cuidadosamente pipetar para cima e para baixo para quebrar a colónia em pequenos torrões, ao microscópio estereoscópico, utilizando uma pipeta de 200 uL. Remover a solução de matriz de membrana basal preparado a partir do poço de 5,2 e colocar cada colónia para um poço da membrana basal revestida de matriz de 6 poços da placa com 2 ml de meio por poço mTeSR. </li><li> Mude a médio e 2 ml carne médio mTeSR a cada dois dias. </li></ol> 6. Manter T iPSCs derivadas de células Os iPSCs derivadas de células T pode ser mantidae armazenadas usando as mesmas técnicas que para iPSCs humanos e CES humanos. Uma vez colónias IPSC crescer, expandir-los em pratos maiores, repetindo o mesmo procedimento. <ol><li> Mudar o meio mTeSR a cada 1-2 dias. </li><li> Quando as colónias tornam-se confluentes a cada 5-7 dias, a passagem das células, utilizando uma solução de dissociação para iPSCs humanos e CES humanos de acordo com as instruções do fabricante. </li></ol>

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Os autores não têm nenhum concorrente ou interesses conflitantes para divulgar.

We describe a protocol for generating iPSCs from human peripheral T cells in serum-free and feeder-free conditions using a combination of matrigel, mTeSR medium, and SeV vectors. For clinical applications of iPSCs, it is important to have a protocol for stably generating iPSCs and a less-invasive method for cell sampling. Although generating iPSCs with the combination of matrigel and mTeSR medium showed lower reprogramming efficiency than that with knockout serum replacement (KSR) medium and feeder-cells, this combination achieves stable generation of iPSCs from donors16. Stable iPSC generation and less-invasive cell sampling has the advantage of being able to increase the number of donors for iPSC generation. 
SeV vectors, a minus-strand RNA virus, is not integrated into the host genome. Therefore the risks of tumorigenesis can be avoided at the step of reprogramming factor induction20-24. Additionally, the feeder-free conditions, which use a combination of defined culture medium and matrigel instead of a feeder layer, make it possible to minimize the potential risks of exposure to unknown exogenous factors. The fusion of these techniques provides a less invasive and safer iPSC technology for regenerative medicine16.
Important steps in this protocol are the step of activating human T cells (Step 1) and infecting them with SeV vectors (Step 2). When no ESC-like colony is obtained in the culture dish at an optimal time after SeV infection, the following should be considered. First, the confluency of the mononuclear cells before T cell activation may not be appropriate because optimal activation of T cells is critical for SeV infection25,26. Too high a density of mononuclear cells leads to cell death, interfering with the proper activation of T cells. Too low a density of mononuclear cells also disturbs the proper activation and proliferation of T cells. Therefore, the confluency of mononuclear cells should be checked and adjusted accordingly. Second, the dosage of SeV vectors may not be sufficient. The induction efficiency of iPSC colonies depends on the dosage of the virus6. If no ESC-like colony is observed after SeV infection, the option of increasing the virus dosage up to an MOI of 15-20 should be considered. If signs of iPSC colony differentiation are observed, the frequency at which medium is changed may be increased up to every other day, or to every day when colonies are larger. 
The limitation in this protocol consists of this method not being virus free. Although SeV for cell reprogramming is commercially available with ease, users need to prepare equipment according to the appropriate biosafety level. As another method for generating integration-free iPSCs, episomal vectors have been used until now27-29. Although episomal vectors can be used with equipment with a lower level of biosafety, episomal vectors might insert into the host genome at extremely low rates. Therefore, additional checks are required to confirm the disappearance of transgenes, as when using SeV.
There is another limitation in that this technique is not absolutely free from animal-derived products. Some substrates, such as matrigel, anti-CD3 mAb, dissociation solution and SeV solution are derived from animal products and are therefore associated with a risk of transferring xenogeneic pathogens. However, the reduction of animal-derived substrates in the culture system is meaningful for the clinical application of iPSC technology due to the lower risk.

iPSCs atraíram considerável atenção como uma fonte inovadora de células para a medicina regenerativa 1-3. Até à data, diversos métodos para gerar iPSCs foram relatados 4,5. Entre estes, iPSCs gerado a partir de células T humanas têm sido de particular interesse devido ao método menos invasivo da célula de amostragem 6-8. Além disso, iPSCs derivadas de células T contêm rearranjos do gene receptor de células T (TCR) e são, portanto, uma fonte de células T específicas de antigénio 9,10. Portanto, a geração de células T derivados iPSCs é seguramente útil para avançar a medicina regenerativa. Este método baseia-se no conceito de reduzir o risco de patogenicidade imprevisível. Para aplicação clínica segura de iPSCs é importante para reduzir o risco de exposição a agentes patogénicos 11. Anteriormente em diversos sistemas de cultura de células estaminais pluripotentes, células de soro bovino fetal e de alimentação têm sido utilizados como reagente essencialS 12. No entanto, a remoção de ambos os reagentes a partir do sistema de cultura para a geração é preferível iPSC para reduzir o risco de patogenicidade imprevisível. Além disso, este método tem a vantagem de evitar amostragem invasiva de células de pacientes e laboriosa preparação de células alimentadoras. Como células T derivadas iPSCs já têm sido utilizados com sucesso na pesquisa de doenças 13,14, este método também é aplicável e útil para gerar iPSCs de doenças específicas de pacientes. Entre os métodos de reprogramação das células T, utilizando o vector de vírus Sendai (SeV) como um veículo de genes é um método que pode gerar iPSCs com alta eficiência 7,16. Além disso, porque é um SeV single-stranded RNA vírus e não necessita de uma fase para a replicação de ADN, a sua utilização na produção de iPSC evita quebrar o genoma do hospedeiro 17-19. Portanto, nós estabelecemos protocolos para gerar iPSCs de células T periférico humano no soro-free e condições de livre-de alimentação, utilizando uma combinação de matrigel, médio mTeSR, e SEV vetores.

<table border="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Ficoll-Paque PREMIUM</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare</td>
			<td>17-5442-02</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Purified NA/LE mouse anti-human CD3</td>
			<td>BD Pharmingen</td>
			<td>555336</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KBM502 medium</td>
			<td>KOHJIN BIO</td>
			<td>16025020</td>
			<td>Warm in 37 &#8451; water bath before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine albumin fraction V solution</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15260-037</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD Matrigel Matrix Growth Factor Reduced</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>354230</td>
			<td>Thaw completely at 4&#8451; overnight and dilute it 50 times with Dulbecco&#39;s Modified Eagle&#39;s Medium before coating culture dishes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>mTeSR1 medium kit</td>
			<td>STEM CELL</td>
			<td>5850</td>
			<td>Warm at room temperature before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dissociation Solution</td>
			<td>ReproCELL</td>
			<td>RCHETP002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>D-PBS(&#8211;)</td>
			<td>Wako</td>
			<td>045-29795</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SeV Vector kit CytoTune-iPS ver.1.0</td>
			<td>DNAVEC</td>
			<td>DV-0303c</td>
			<td>Thaw on ice before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>100-mm tissue culture dish</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>353003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>96-well tissue culture plate</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>353078</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6-well tissue culture plate</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>353046</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15ml Centrifuge Tube</td>
			<td>Greiner Bio-One&#160;</td>
			<td>188271</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50ml Centrifuge Tube</td>
			<td>Greiner Bio-One&#160;</td>
			<td>227261</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from human peripheral t cells using sendai virus in feeder-free conditions

Recentemente, iPSCs têm atraído a atenção como uma nova fonte de células para terapias regenerativas. Embora o método para a geração inicial iPSCs invocado fibroblastos dérmicos obtidos por biópsia invasiva e inserção genómico retroviral de transgenes, tem havido muitos esforços no sentido de evitar estas desvantagens. As células T periférico humano são uma fonte de célula exclusivo para gerar iPSCs. iPSCs derivadas de células T contêm rearranjos do receptor de células T (TCR) e os genes são uma fonte de células T específicas de antigénio. Além disso, o rearranjo receptor de células T no genoma tem o potencial para identificar linhas de células individuais e distinguir entre células transplantadas e doadores. Para aplicação clínica segura de iPSCs, é importante minimizar o risco de expor iPSCs recém-gerados a agentes nocivos. Embora as células de soro bovino fetal e de alimentação têm sido essenciais para a cultura de células estaminais pluripotentes, é preferível removê-los a partir do sistema de cultura para reduzir o riscode patogenicidade imprevisível. Para resolver isso, nós estabelecemos um protocolo para gerar iPSCs de células T periférico humano usando vírus Sendai para reduzir o risco de exposição a patógenos iPSCs indefinidos. Embora a manipulação do vírus Sendai requer equipamento com o nível de segurança biológica apropriada, Sendai vírus infecta células T activadas sem inserção do genoma, mas com elevada eficiência. Neste protocolo, demonstramos a geração de iPSCs de células T periférico humano em condições de livre-de alimentação, utilizando uma combinação de cultura de células T ativadas e vírus Sendai.

<html> Usando este protocolo, os usuários são capazes de gerar iPSCs de células T periférico humano estavelmente. geração iPSC a partir de células T com SeV e Matrigel mostrou aproximadamente 0,002% -. 0.005% de eficiência de reprogramação celular entre vários casos doadores e SeV não foram detectados após várias passagens 16 A Figura 1A mostra um esquema do protocolo para a geração de células T derivadas de iPSCs em condições de livre-feeder usando matrigel e médio mTeSR. Cerca de 20-30 dias após a infecção com SeV, colónias IPSC são reconhecidos por sua colônia ESC-como a morfologia (Figura 1B). Imunofluorescência revelou a expressão de marcadores típicos de células pluripotentes (NANOG, OCT3 / 4, SSEA4, TRA-1-60, e TRA-1-81) em T-iPSCs derivadas de células gerada sob condições isentas de alimentação (Figura 1C). &quot;Width =&quot; 700 &quot;/&gt; Figura 1. (A): Um esquema do protocolo de reprogramação das células T sob condições isentas de alimentação nesse estudo. (B): A ESC-como colônia típica iPSC no dia 27 após a coleta de sangue em condições de livre-de alimentação. (C): coloração ALP e imunofluorescência para marcadores de pluripotência e de superfície (NANOG, OCT3 / 4, SSEA4, TRA-1-60, e TRA-1-81) em T-iPSCs derivadas de células geradas sob condições isentas de alimentação. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/53225/53225fig1highres.jpg" target="_blank">Por favor, clique aqui para ver uma versão maior desta figura.</a>

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral T Cells Using Sendai Virus in Feeder-free Conditions at JoVE.com

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral T Cells Using Sendai Virus in Feeder-free Conditions

This protocol describes how to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from human peripheral T cells in feeder-free conditions using a combination of matrigel and Sendai virus vectors containing reprogramming factors.

Geração de pluripotentes induzidas a partir de células-tronco periférico humano T células usando Sendai Virus em condições livres de Alimentador

Recently, iPSCs have attracted attention as a new source of cells for regenerative therapies. Although the initial method for generating iPSCs relied on ...

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Developmental Biology

11.9K visualizações.  Keio University School of Medicine. This protocol describes how to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from human peripheral T cells in feeder-free conditions using a combination of matrigel and Sendai virus vectors containing reprogramming factors.

Vídeo: Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral T Cells Using Sendai Virus in Feeder-free Conditions

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Frozen Buffy Coats using Non-integrating Episomal Plasmids

Somatic cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by forcing the expression of four transcription factors (Oct-4, Sox-2, Klf-4, and c-Myc), typically expressed by human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Due to their similarity with hESCs, iPSCs have become an important tool for potential patient-specific regenerative medicine, avoiding ethical issues associated with hESCs. In order to obtain cells suitable for clinical application, transgene-free iPSCs need to be generated to avoid transgene reactivation, altered gene expression and misguided differentiation. Moreover, a highly efficient and inexpensive reprogramming method is necessary to derive sufficient iPSCs for therapeutic purposes. Given this need, an efficient non-integrating episomal plasmid approach is the preferable choice for iPSC derivation. Currently the most common cell type used for reprogramming purposes are fibroblasts, the isolation of which requires tissue biopsy, an invasive surgical procedure for the patient. Therefore, human peripheral blood represents the most accessible and least invasive tissue for iPSC generation.
In this study, a cost-effective and viral-free protocol using non-integrating episomal plasmids is reported for the generation of iPSCs from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) obtained from frozen buffy coats after whole blood centrifugation and without density gradient separation.

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent a source of patient-specific tissues for clinical applications and basic research. Here, we present a detailed protocol to reprogram human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) obtained from frozen buffy coats into viral-free iPSCs using non-integrating episomal plasmids.

Geração de pluripotentes induzidas a partir de células-tronco Congelado Buffy Coats usando não-integração epissomais Plasmids

Somatic cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by forcing the expression of four transcription factors (Oct-4, Sox-2, ...

Biologia do Desenvolvimento

Generation of Integration-free Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Hair-derived Keratinocytes

Recent advances in reprogramming allow us to turn somatic cells into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Disease modeling using patient-specific hiPSCs allows the study of the underlying mechanism for pathogenesis, also providing a platform for the development of in vitro drug screening and gene therapy to improve treatment options. The promising potential of hiPSCs for regenerative medicine is also evident from the increasing number of publications (>7000) on iPSCs in recent years. Various cell types from distinct lineages have been successfully used for hiPSC generation, including skin fibroblasts, hematopoietic cells and epidermal keratinocytes. While skin biopsies and blood collection are routinely performed in many labs as a source of somatic cells for the generation of hiPSCs, the collection and subsequent derivation of hair keratinocytes are less commonly used. Hair-derived keratinocytes represent a non-invasive approach to obtain cell samples from patients. Here we outline a simple non-invasive method for the derivation of keratinocytes from plucked hair. We also provide instructions for maintenance of keratinocytes and subsequent reprogramming to generate integration-free hiPSC using episomal vectors.

This manuscript provides a step-by-step procedure for the derivation and maintenance of human keratinocytes from plucked hair and subsequent generation of integration-free human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) by episomal vectors.

Geração de Integração Induced-livre Human células estaminais pluripotentes usando o cabelo derivado queratinócitos

Recent advances in reprogramming allow us to turn somatic cells into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Disease modeling using ...

Feeder-free Derivation of Melanocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) represent a platform to study human development in vitro under both normal and disease conditions. Researchers can direct the differentiation of hPSCs into the cell type of interest by manipulating the culture conditions to recapitulate signals seen during development. One such cell type is the melanocyte, a pigment-producing cell of neural crest (NC) origin responsible for protecting the skin against UV irradiation. This protocol presents an extension of a currently available in vitro Neural Crest differentiation protocol from hPSCs to further differentiate NC into fully pigmented melanocytes. Melanocyte precursors can be enriched from the Neural Crest protocol via a timed exposure to activators of WNT, BMP, and EDN3 signaling under dual-SMAD-inhibition conditions. The resultant melanocyte precursors are then purified and matured into fully pigmented melanocytes by culture in a selective medium. The resultant melanocytes are fully pigmented and stain appropriately for proteins characteristic of mature melanocytes.

This work describes an in vitro differentiation protocol to produce pigmented, mature melanocytes from human pluripotent stem cells via a neural crest and melanoblast intermediate stage using a feeder-free, 25 day protocol.

Derivação sem alimentador de melanócitos a partir de células-tronco pluripotentes humanas

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) represent a platform to study human development in vitro under both normal and disease conditions. Researchers can ...

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Melanoma Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes

Adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can mediate durable and complete responses in significant subsets of patients with metastatic melanoma. Major obstacles of this approach are the reduced viability of transferred T cells, caused by telomere shortening, and the limited number of TILs obtained from patients. Less-differentiated T cells with long telomeres would be an ideal T cell subset for adoptive T cell therapy;however, generating large numbers of these less-differentiated T cells is problematic. This limitation of adoptive T cell therapy can be theoretically overcome by using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that self-renew, maintain pluripotency, have elongated telomeres, and provide an unlimited source of autologous T cells for immunotherapy. Here, we present a protocol to generate iPSCs using Sendai virus vectors for the transduction of reprogramming factors into TILs. This protocol generates fully reprogrammed, vector-free clones. These TIL-derived iPSCs might be able to generate less-differentiated patient- and tumor-specific T cells for adoptive T cell therapy.

The goal of this protocol is to show the protocol for reprogramming melanoma tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes into induced pluripotent stem cells.

Geração de células-tronco pluripotentes induzidas a partir de melanoma humano linfócitos tumor infiltrantes

Adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can mediate durable and complete responses in significant subsets ...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Generation from Blood Cells Using Sendai Virus and Centrifugation

The recent development of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) proved that mature somatic cells can return to an undifferentiated, pluripotent state. Now, reprogramming is done with various types of adult somatic cells: keratinocytes, urine cells, fibroblasts, etc. Early experiments were usually done with dermal fibroblasts. However, this required an invasive surgical procedure to obtain fibroblasts from the patients. Therefore, suspension cells, such as blood and urine cells, were considered ideal for reprogramming because of the convenience of obtaining the primary cells. Here, we report an efficient protocol for iPSC generation from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). By plating the transduced PBMCs serially to a new, matrix-coated plate using centrifugation, this protocol can easily provide iPSC colonies. This method is also applicable to umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs). This study presents a simple and efficient protocol for the reprogramming of PBMCs and CBMCs.

We propose a protocol for reprogramming peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). By plating the transduced blood cells onto matrix-coated plates with centrifugation, iPSCs are successfully induced from floating cells. This technique suggests a simple and effective reprogramming protocol for cells such as PBMCs and CBMCs.

Induzida Geração Stem Cell pluripotentes a partir de células de sangue com o vírus Sendai e centrifugação

The recent development of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) proved that mature somatic cells can return to an undifferentiated, pluripotent ...

Generation of Integration-free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Using Episomal Vectors

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) hold great promise for disease modeling and regenerative therapies. We previously reported the use of Episomal Vectors (EV) to generate integration-free iPSCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PB MNCs). The episomal vectors used are DNA plasmids incorporated with oriP and EBNA1 elements from the Epstein-Barr (EB) virus, which&#160;allow for replication and long-term retainment of plasmids in mammalian cells, respectively. With further optimization, thousands of iPSC colonies can be obtained from 1 mL of peripheral blood. Two critical factors for achieving high reprogramming efficiencies&#160;are: 1) the use of a 2A &#34;self-cleavage&#34; peptide to link OCT4 and SOX2, thus achieving equimolar expression of the two factors; 2) the use of two vectors to express MYC and KLF4 individually. Here we describe a step-by-step protocol for generating integration-free iPSCs from adult peripheral blood samples. The generated iPSCs are integration-free as residual episomal plasmids are undetectable after five passages. Although the reprogramming efficiency is comparable to that of Sendai Virus (SV) vectors, EV plasmids are considerably more economical than the commercially available SV vectors. This affordable EV reprogramming system holds potential for clinical applications in regenerative medicine and provides an approach for the direct reprogramming of PB MNCs to integration-free mesenchymal stem cells, neural stem cells, etc.

This protocol describes a detailed method for efficient generation of integration-free iPSCs from human adult peripheral blood cells. With the use of four oriP/EBNA-based episomal vectors to express the reprogramming factors, KLF4, MYC, BCL-XL, or OCT4 and SOX2, thousands of iPSC colonies can be obtained from 1 mL of peripheral blood.

Geração de Integração-livres induzidas células-tronco pluripotentes a partir de células mononucleares de sangue periférico humano Usando epissï¿½ica Vectors

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) hold great promise for disease modeling and regenerative therapies. We previously reported the use of Episomal ...

Defined and Scalable Generation of Hepatocyte-like Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) possess great value for biomedical research. hPSCs can be scaled and differentiated to all cell types found in the human body. The differentiation of hPSCs to human hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) has been extensively studied, and efficient differentiation protocols have been established. The combination of extracellular matrix and biological stimuli, including growth factors, cytokines, and small molecules, have made it possible to generate HLCs that resemble primary human hepatocytes. However, the majority of procedures still employ undefined components, giving rise to batch-to-batch variation. This serves as a significant barrier to the application of the technology. To tackle this issue, we developed a defined system for hepatocyte differentiation using human recombinant laminins as extracellular matrices in combination with a serum-free differentiation process. Highly efficient hepatocyte specification was achieved, with demonstrated improvements in both HLC function and phenotype. Importantly, this system is easy to scale up using research and GMP-grade hPSC lines&#160;promising advances in cell-based modelling and therapies.

The method presented here describes a scalable and good manufacturing practice (GMP)-ready differentiation system to generate human hepatocyte-like cells from pluripotent stem cells. It serves as a cost-effective and standardized system to generate human hepatocyte-like cells for basic and applied human liver research.

Definido e Geração de Scalable de células de hepatócitos-like de células-tronco pluripotentes humanas

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) possess great value for biomedical research. hPSCs can be scaled and differentiated to all cell types found in the ...

Differentiating Chondrocytes from Peripheral Blood-derived Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

In this study, we used peripheral blood cells (PBCs) as seed cells to produce chondrocytes via induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in an integration-free method. Following embryoid body (EB) formation and fibroblastic cell expansion, the iPSCs are induced for chondrogenic differentiation for 21 days under serum-free and xeno-free conditions. After chondrocyte induction, the phenotypes of the cells are evaluated by morphological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical analyses, as well as by the quantitative real-time PCR examination of chondrogenic differentiation markers. The chondrogenic pellets show positive alcian blue and toluidine blue staining. The immunohistochemistry of collagen II and X staining is also positive. The sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content and the chondrogenic differentiation markers COLLAGEN 2 (COL2), COLLAGEN 10 (COL10), SOX9, and AGGRECAN are significantly upregulated in chondrogenic pellets compared to hiPSCs and fibroblastic cells. These results suggest that PBCs can be used as seed cells to generate iPSCs for cartilage repair, which is patient-specific and cost-effective.

We present a protocol to generate a chondrogenic lineage from human peripheral blood (PB) via induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using an integration-free method, which includes embryoid body (EB) formation, fibroblastic cells expansion, and chondrogenic induction.

Condrócitos diferenciadores de células-tronco pluripotentes induzidas por humanos derivadas de sangue periférico

In this study, we used peripheral blood cells (PBCs) as seed cells to produce chondrocytes via induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in an ...

Generation of Standardized and Reproducible Forebrain-type Cerebral Organoids from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

The human cortex is highly expanded and exhibits a complex structure with specific functional areas, providing higher brain function, such as cognition. Efforts to study human cerebral cortex development have been limited by the availability of model systems. Translating results from rodent studies to the human system is restricted by species differences and studies on human primary tissues are hampered by a lack of tissue availability as well as ethical concerns. Recent development in human pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology include the generation of three-dimensional (3D) self-organizing organotypic culture systems, which mimic to a certain extent human-specific brain development in vitro. Currently, various protocols are available for the generation of either whole brain or brain-region specific organoids. The method for the generation of homogeneous and reproducible forebrain-type organoids from induced PSC (iPSC), which we previously established and describe here, combines the intrinsic ability of PSC to self-organize with guided differentiation towards the anterior neuroectodermal lineage and matrix embedding to support the formation of a continuous neuroepithelium. More specifically, this protocol involves: (1) the generation of iPSC aggregates, including the conversion of iPSC colonies to a confluent monolayer culture; (2) the induction of anterior neuroectoderm; (3) the embedding of neuroectodermal aggregates in a matrix scaffold; (4) the generation of forebrain-type organoids from neuroectodermal aggregates; and (5) the fixation and validation of forebrain-type organoids. As such, this protocol provides an easily applicable system for the generation of standardized and reproducible iPSC-derived cortical tissue structures in vitro.

Cerebral organoids represent a new model system to investigate early human brain development in vitro. This article provides the detailed methodology to efficiently generate homogeneous dorsal forebrain-type organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells including critical characterization and validation steps.

Geração de padronizada e reprodutível Forebrain-tipo Organoids Cerebral de humanos induzida por células-tronco pluripotentes

The human cortex is highly expanded and exhibits a complex structure with specific functional areas, providing higher brain function, such as cognition. ...

Generation of 3D Skin Organoid from Cord Blood-derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

The skin is the body&#8217;s largest organ and has many functions. The skin acts as a physical barrier and protector of the body and regulates bodily functions. Biomimetics is the imitation of the models, systems, and elements of nature for the purpose of solving complex human problems1. Skin biomimetics is a useful tool for in vitro disease research and in vivo regenerative medicine. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the characteristic of unlimited proliferation and the ability of differentiation to three germ layers. Human iPSCs are generated from various primary cells, such as blood cells, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and more. Among them, cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) have emerged as an alternative cell source from the perspective of allogeneic regenerative medicine. CBMCs are useful in regenerative medicine because human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing is essential to the cell banking system. We provide a method for the differentiation of CBMC-iPSCs into keratinocytes and fibroblasts and for generation of a 3D skin organoid. CBMC-iPSC-derived keratinocytes and fibroblasts have characteristics similar to a primary cell line. The 3D skin organoids are generated by overlaying an epidermal layer onto a dermal layer. By transplanting this 3D skin organoid, a humanized mice model is generated. This study shows that a 3D human iPSC-derived skin organoid may be a novel, alternative tool for dermatologic research in vitro and in vivo.

We propose a protocol that shows how to differentiate induced pluripotent stem cell-derived keratinocytes and fibroblasts and generate a 3D skin organoid, using these keratinocytes and fibroblasts. This protocol contains an additional step of generating a humanized mice model. The technique presented here will improve dermatologic research.

Geração de organoides pele 3D do cordão hemoderivados induzida por células-tronco pluripotentes

The skin is the body&#8217;s largest organ and has many functions. The skin acts as a physical barrier and protector of the body and regulates bodily ...