This work was supported by the key projects of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KFZD-SW-205), strategic biological resources technology support system of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CZBZX-1).

Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê do Instituto de Genética e Biologia do Desenvolvimento de Ética e o protocolo segue as diretrizes institucionais para o bem-estar humano. 1. Preparação de vírus EB <ol><li> No dia 1, descongelar células B95-8 e cultura em 6 ml de RPMI completo 1640, suplementado com 10% de soro fetal de bovino, 2 mM de L-glutamina, e antibióticos (100 ug / ml de estreptomicina, 100 U / mL de penicilina) numa balão de cultura T25. Colocar o frasco de cultura em 5% de CO2 a 37 ° C. </li><li> No dia 2, observar a morfologia das células sob um microscópio. As células estão em boas condições quando eles são brilhantes e redondos. Adicionar 10 ml de meio completo RPMI 1640. </li><li> No dia 4, adicionar 10 mL de meio fresco completo RPMI 1640, e depois transferir para um balão de cultura T75. </li><li> No dia 8, adicionar 20 mL de meio completo RPMI 1640. </li><li> Manter as células durante 8 dias sem a adição de meio fresco, ou seja, inanição. </li><li> No dia 16, células observarobservada sob o microscópio. Recolher as células num tubo de centrífuga de 15 mL, 12 mL / tubo. </li><li> Cryo-preservar a -80 ° C durante 1 h, e depois descongelar rapidamente a 37 ° C. Repetir 3 vezes até que as partículas de vírus são libertados a partir das células. </li><li> Centrifugar a 240 xg durante 10 min à temperatura ambiente. </li><li> Filtra-se o sobrenadante através de um filtro de 0,22 um, alíquota, 12 mL / tubo, e armazenar a -80 ° C. </li></ol> 2. Tratamento de Sangue Total com Glóbulo Vermelho Tampão de Lise <ol><li> Adicionar 0,5 ml de sangue total anticoagulado por EDTA · K 2 para um tubo de 15 mL. </li><li> Coloque 1 mL de tampão de lise de glóbulos vermelhos (filtrada por filtro de 0,22? M e descongeladas à temperatura ambiente antes da utilização) a todo o sangue e misture bem. Coloque a mistura à temperatura ambiente durante 4 min. Em seguida, adicionar 5-7 mL de PBS 1x rapidamente para a reacção parada. </li><li> Centrifugar a 240 xg durante 5 min à temperatura ambiente. Os glóbulos brancos precipitará no fundo do tubo. </li><li> Descartar o sobrenadante e lava-se a precipitação por adição de 7 ml 1640 de base. Centrifugar durante 5 minutos a 240 xg à temperatura ambiente. Repita duas vezes. </li><li> Ressuspender o sedimento celular em 300 uL meio de transformação (meio RPMI 1640, contendo 20% de soro fetal de bovino e 10 ug / mL de f ito-hemaglutinina (PHA)). </li></ol> Infecção 3. EBV <ol><li> Adicionar 60 uL de 20 ug / mL de ciclosporina A (CsA) para a suspensão de células. </li><li> Descongelar rapidamente uma aliquota de EBV, a 37 ° C. Adicionar 240 uL de EBV para a suspensão de células. </li><li> Misturar bem e coloque a suspensão de células para uma placa de 96 poços, 200 ul por poço. Para evitar a evaporação, adicionar 200 ul de 1x PBS a cada poço em torno da placa de 96 poços. Colocar a placa num incubador de CO2 a 5% a 37 ° C. </li></ol> 4. Expansão e Criopreservação de B-LCLS <ol><li> Mudar metade do meio, uma vez por semana durante o primeiro mês após a infecção por EBV. Apenas um laye de espessurar de fragmentos celulares é visível ao microscópio no dia 7 (Figura 2). Após um mês de infecção por VEB, os agregados de células linfoblastóides são visíveis sob uma espessa camada de fragmentos de células sob o microscópio (Figura 2). </li><li> Mudar metade do meio a cada 3 dias até que os agregados de células são claramente visíveis ao microscópio (Figura 2). Tipicamente, este processo demora entre 10 a 20 dias. </li><li> Depois de se misturar, pipetar as células e transferir para a placa de 24 poços. Dobrar o volume de meio de cultura com RPMI 1640 completo, enquanto ele fica amarelo. Este processo depende da taxa de crescimento celular. </li><li> Posteriormente, a transferência das células para balão de cultura T25. O dobro do volume de meio de cultura, uma vez que se torna amarela até que o volume do meio expande-se para 10 - 15 mL. </li><li> Mudança de meio 24 horas antes da congelação. suspensão de células Centrifugar durante 5 minutos a 240 x g. Contar as células com um contador de células e congelamento a uma densidade de 5-10 x 10 6 / mL em FRsolução estoque ozen contendo 90% de FBS e 10% de dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO). Congelar a uma taxa de 1 ° C por minuto a -80 ° C e, em seguida, transferir directamente em azoto líquido. </li></ol> 5. 3- (4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il) -2,5-difenil-tetrazólio (MTT) 17 <ol><li> Prepara-se uma suspensão de células individuais B-LCLS com o meio 1640 contendo soro bovino fetal a 10%. Semente de 3 x 10 4 culas por po em placas de 96 poços, 100 ul por poço. </li><li> Colocar a placa em 5% de CO2 a 37 ° C durante 12-16 h. </li><li> Adicionar MTT (5 mg / mL) aos poços em que as células estão a crescer e manter ao abrigo da luz durante 4 h a 37 ° C. </li><li> placa de células Centrifugar durante 10 minutos a 168 x g. </li><li> Remover o sobrenadante e adicionar 100 ul por poço de DMSO. NOTA: Tenha cuidado. Não toque nos corante cristais em forma de agulha. </li><li> Agitar a placa durante 10 minutos a baixa velocidade para dissolver completamente os cristais. </li><li> absorção medida a 570 nm porutilizando um espectrofotómetro de microplacas. </li></ol>

<ol>
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The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.

Relata-se o desenvolvimento de um novo método para imortalizar células B humanas a partir de sangue total por lise de células vermelhas do sangue, e a sua viabilidade celular estabelecida de B-LCLS foi avaliada pelo ensaio de MTT. Os resultados mostraram que a viabilidade da célula de B-LCLS estabelecidos pelo método da lise de células vermelhas do sangue é muito maior do que a do método de separação por gradiente de densidade. A principal vantagem do método de lise de glóbulos vermelhos é que é simples e ...

Resting B cells could be transformed by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in vitro into actively proliferating B lymphoblastoid cell lines (B-LCLs). B-LCLs are similar to germ cells in differentiation and development, and the somatic mutation rate of B-LCLs was only 0.3%1, with negligible genetic and phenotypic alteration. Therefore, B-LCLs, as surrogates for peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), have substantially accelerated the progress of genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics study of EBV associated diseases2,3. Moreover, B-LCLs also have important application in screening monoclonal antibodies4,5. 
Several methods have been developed for the immortalization of B lymphocytes by EBV. The most major common procedures include the isolation of B lymphocytes and the use of B95-8 cell lines to produce infectious EBV. From isolation to transformation, these methods are divided into three strategies. Lymphocytes are separated from fresh blood by density gradient centrifugation and EBV transformation directly6-8, named density gradient separation method in this study. However, other techniques overcome the difficulty of shipping fresh blood and use a procedure for freezing purified lymphocytes and subsequent thawing and EBV infection9-11. Cryopreserved whole blood can also be used for the isolation of B lymphocytes and transformation12,13. In addition to density gradient centrifugation to separate B lymphocytes, some researchers use a magnetic cell sorter to select B lymphocytes12. However, magnetic separation is an expensive, complex and time consuming process. Although these methods are useful to immortalize B lymphocytes with a high success rate, the need to treat a large number of clinical samples and the relatively small volume of blood require a simpler method for the establishment of a permanent cell line.
Another less commonly used method is using whole blood as the source of nucleated cells for EBV infection and the establishment of B-LCLs. These methods simplify the technique by omitting the separation procedure. Only a small amount of whole blood, either fresh14 or frozen15,16, is sufficient to obtain the cell lines. Unfortunately, there is great variability in success from documents15,16 and several of our validation tests. Furthermore, transformed colonies are hardly recognized under a microscope because of the large contaminating impurities. Thus, a more reliable method for transformation is required.
Based on the above considerations, we have developed a novel method to establish B-LCLs without previous purification of the lymphocytes, named the red blood cell lysis method. This method is convenient, time saving and applicable to a large number of samples. As little as 0.5 mL of whole blood was enough to obtain B-LCLs that are easily obtainable from infants and the elderly without significantly harming their health.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Centrifuge</td><td>Techcomp</td><td>CT6T</td><td>Centrifugation</td></tr><tr><td>Automated Cell Counter&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Countstar</td><td>&amp;nbsp;IC 1000&amp;nbsp;</td><td>For cell counting&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Epoch Microplate Spectrophotometer</td><td>BioTek Instruments</td><td>SN263839</td><td>For measuring the absorbance</td></tr><tr><td>96 well cell culture cluster</td><td>Corning Incorporated</td><td>3599</td><td>Polystyrene plates</td></tr><tr><td>24 well cell culture cluster</td><td>Corning Incorporated</td><td>3524</td><td>Polystyrene plates</td></tr><tr><td>25 cm&lt;sup&gt;2 &lt;/sup&gt; cell culture flask</td><td>Nest</td><td>707001</td><td>Polystyrene&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>FBS</td><td>Gibco</td><td>10270</td><td>Component of B-LCLs medium</td></tr><tr><td>RPMI Medium 1640</td><td>Gibco</td><td>31800-022</td><td>For B-LCLs medium</td></tr><tr><td>L-Glutamine&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Amresco</td><td>0374</td><td>Component of B-LCLs medium</td></tr><tr><td>100x streptomycin penicillin solution BioRoYeeBRY-2309</td><td>BioRoYee</td><td>BRY-2309</td><td>Component of B-LCLs medium</td></tr><tr><td>Ficoll paque plus</td><td>GE&amp;nbsp; Healthcare</td><td>17-1440-03</td><td>For &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; isolation of lymphocyte</td></tr><tr><td>PHA-M</td><td>Sigma</td><td>L8902</td><td>For stimulating lymphocyte proliferation</td></tr><tr><td>Cyclosporin A</td><td>Cayman&amp;nbsp; Chemical</td><td>12088</td><td>For inhibiting the cytotoxicity effect of T cells</td></tr><tr><td>Red cell lysis buffer</td><td>Tiangen</td><td>RT122-01</td><td>For lysing red blood cell</td></tr><tr><td>MTT</td><td>Amresco</td><td>0793</td><td>For the detection of cell viability</td></tr><tr><td>DMSO</td><td>Sigma</td><td>D2650</td><td>For freezing cells</td></tr></tbody></table>

a simple red blood cell lysis method for the establishment of b lymphoblastoid cell lines

A number of methods exist for the transformation of B lymphocytes by the Epstein Barr virus in vitro into immortalized cell lines. We have developed a new method with a powerful and simple strategy for the establishment of B-LCLs, the red blood cell lysis method. This method simplified the PBMC separation procedure with red blood cell removal, and used as little as 0.5 mL of whole blood for establishing EBV-immortalized cell lines, which can proliferate to large cell numbers in a relatively short amount time with a 100% success rate. The method is simple, reliable, time saving, and applicable to treating a large number of the clinical samples.

Durante o processo de transformação, as modificações morfológicas das células são visualizados por microscopia de luz (Figura 2). Pequenos grupos de células foram claramente visíveis com o método de separação por gradiente de densidade depois de 7 dias de infecção, ao passo que apenas uma camada de espessura de fragmentos celulares são visíveis a partir do método de lise de glóbulos vermelhos. No entanto, grupos de células linfoblastóides são visíve...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Simple Red Blood Cell Lysis Method for the Establishment of B Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines at JoVE.com

A Simple Red Blood Cell Lysis Method for the Establishment of B Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines

Um método simples de lise de glóbulos vermelhos para o estabelecimento de B-LCLS foi desenvolvido com alta eficiência de imortalização, requerendo uma pequena quantidade de sangue e de economia de tempo desde a iniciação à criopreservação.

Um glóbulo vermelho simples método de lise para o estabelecimento de linhas celulares linfoblastóides B

A number of methods exist for the transformation of B lymphocytes by the Epstein Barr virus in vitro into immortalized cell lines. We have developed a new ...

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Immunology and Infection

14.8K visualizações.  Chinese Academy of Sciences.  Um método simples de lise de glóbulos vermelhos para o estabelecimento de B-LCLS foi desenvolvido com alta eficiência de imortalização, requerendo uma pequena quantidade de sangue e de economia de tempo desde a iniciação à criopreservação. 

Vídeo: A Simple Red Blood Cell Lysis Method for the Establishment of B Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines

Recombinant Retroviral Production and Infection of B Cells

The transgenic expression of genes in eukaryotic cells is a powerful reverse genetic approach in which a gene of interest is expressed under the control of a heterologous expression system to facilitate the analysis of the resulting phenotype. This approach can be used to express a gene that is not normally found in the organism, to express a mutant form of a gene product, or to over-express a dominant-negative form of the gene product. It is particularly useful in the study of the hematopoetic system, where transcriptional regulation is a major control mechanism in the development and differentiation of B cells 1, reviewed in 2-4.
Mouse genetics is a powerful tool for the study of human genes and diseases. A comparative analysis of the mouse and human genome reveals conservation of synteny in over 90% of the genome 5. Also, much of the technology used in mouse models is applicable to the study of human genes, for example, gene disruptions and allelic replacement 6. However, the creation of a transgenic mouse requires a great deal of resources of both a financial and technical nature. Several projects have begun to compile libraries of knock out mouse strains (KOMP, EUCOMM, NorCOMM) or mutagenesis induced strains (RIKEN), which require large-scale efforts and collaboration 7. Therefore, it is desirable to first study the phenotype of a desired gene in a cell culture model of primary cells before progressing to a mouse model. 
Retroviral DNA integrates into the host DNA, preferably within or near transcription units or CpG islands, resulting in stable and heritable expression of the packaged gene of interest while avoiding transcriptional silencing 8 9. The genes are then transcribed under the control of a high efficiency retroviral promoter, resulting in a high efficiency of transcription and protein production. Therefore, retroviral expression can be used with cells that are difficult to transfect, provided the cells are in an active state during mitosis. Because the structural genes of the virus are contained within the packaging cell line, the expression vectors used to clone the gene of interest contain no structural genes of the virus, which both eliminates the possibility of viral revertants and increases the safety of working with viral supernatants as no infectious virions are produced 10. 
Here we present a protocol for recombinant retroviral production and subsequent infection of splenic B cells. After isolation, the cultured splenic cells are stimulated with Th derived lymphokines and anti-CD40, which induces a burst of B cell proliferation and differentiation 11. This protocol is ideal for the study of events occurring late in B cell development and differentiation, as B cells are isolated from the spleen following initial hematopoetic events but prior to antigenic stimulation to induce plasmacytic differentiation.

An efficient system of structure and function analysis of a gene in an ex vivo culture of splenic B-lymphocytes is described. This method takes advantage of recombinant retroviral production in a helper free, ecotrophic packaging cell line. Stable, heritable expression of a gene of interest within primary lymphocytes is achieved leading to generation of surface antibodies on B cells undergoing class switch recombination.

Produção recombinante Retroviral e infecção de células B

The transgenic expression of genes in eukaryotic cells is a powerful reverse genetic approach in which a gene of interest is expressed under the control ...

Imunologia e Infecção

Establishment of Epstein-Barr Virus Growth-transformed Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines

Infection of B cells with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) leads to proliferation and subsequent immortalization, resulting in establishment of lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) in vitro. Since LCL are latently infected with EBV, they provide a model system to investigate EBV latency and virus-driven B cell proliferation and tumorigenesis1. LCL have been used to present antigens in a variety of immunologic assays2, 3. In addition, LCL can be used to generate human monoclonal antibodies4, 5 and provide a potentially unlimited source when access to primary biologic materials is limited6, 7.
A variety of methods have been described to generate LCL. Earlier methods have included the use of mitogens such as phytohemagglutinin, lipopolysaccharide8, and pokeweed mitogen9 to increase the efficiency of EBV-mediated immortalization. More recently, others have used immunosuppressive agents such as cyclosporin A to inhibit T cell-mediated killing of infected B cells7, 10-12.
The considerable length of time from EBV infection to establishment of cell lines drives the requirement for quicker and more reliable methods for EBV-driven B cell growth transformation. Using a combination of high titer EBV and an immunosuppressive agent, we are able to consistently infect, transform, and generate LCL from B cells in peripheral blood. This method uses a small amount of peripheral blood mononuclear cells that are infected in vitroclusters of cells can be demonstrated. The presence of CD23 with EBV in the presence of FK506, a T cell immunosuppressant. Traditionally, outgrowth of proliferating B cells is monitored by visualization of microscopic clusters of cells about a week after infection with EBV. Clumps of LCL can be seen by the naked eye after several weeks. We describe an assay to determine early if EBV-mediated growth transformation is successful even before microscopic clusters of cells can be demonstrated. The presence of CD23hiCD58+ cells observed as early as three days post-infection indicates a successful outcome.

We describe a method for generating transformed B cell lines using Epstein-Barr virus. We also illustrate a novel assay that can identify B cells destined to undergo transformation as early as three days after infection.

Estabelecimento de Epstein-Barr Virus Crescimento transformada linhagens de células linfoblastóides

Infection of B cells with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) leads to proliferation and subsequent immortalization, resulting in establishment of lymphoblastoid ...

A Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay to Identify Novel NFAT2 Target Genes in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the expansion of malignant B cell clones and represents the most common leukemia in western countries. The majority of CLL patients show an indolent course of the disease as well as an anergic phenotype of their leukemia cells, referring to a B cell receptor unresponsive to external stimulation. We have recently shown that the transcription factor NFAT2 is a crucial regulator of anergy in CLL. A major challenge in the analysis of the role of a transcription factor in different diseases is the identification of its specific target genes. This is of&#160;great significance for the elucidation of pathogenetic mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a classic technique to demonstrate protein-DNA interactions and can, therefore, be used to identify direct target genes of transcription factors in mammalian cells. Here, ChIP was used to identify LCK as a direct target gene of NFAT2 in human CLL cells. DNA and associated proteins are crosslinked using formaldehyde and subsequently sheared by sonication into DNA fragments of approximately 200-500 base pairs (bp). Cross-linked DNA fragments associated with NFAT2 are then selectively immunoprecipitated from cell debris using an &#945;NFAT2 antibody. After purification, associated DNA fragments are detected via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). DNA sequences with evident enrichment represent regions of the genome which are targeted by NFAT2 in vivo. Appropriate shearing of the DNA and the selection of the required antibody are particularly crucial for the successful application of this method. This protocol is ideal for the demonstration of direct interactions of NFAT2 with target genes. Its major limitation is the difficulty to employ ChIP in large-scale assays analyzing the target genes of multiple transcription factors in intact organisms.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in the western world. NFAT transcription factors are important regulators of development and activation in numerous cell types. Here, we present a protocol for the use of chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) in human CLL cells to identify novel target genes of NFAT2.

Um ensaio de imunoprecipitação da cromatina para identificar Genes-alvo NFAT2 novela em leucemia linfocítica crônica

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the expansion of malignant B cell clones and represents the most common leukemia in western ...

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Isolation and Activation of Murine Lymphocytes

B and T cells, with their extremely diverse antigen-receptor repertoires, have the ability to mount specific immune responses against almost any invading pathogen1,2. Understandably, such intricate abilities are controlled by a large number of molecules involved in various cellular processes to ensure timely and spatially regulated immune responses3. Here, we describe experimental procedures that allow rapid isolation of highly purified murine lymphocytes using magnetic cell sorting technology. The resulting purified lymphocytes can then be subjected to various in vitro or in vivo functional assays, such as the determination of lymphocyte signaling capacity upon stimulation by immunoblotting4 and the investigation of proliferative abilities by 3H-thymidine incorporation or carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) labeling5-7. In addition to comparing the functional capacities of control and genetically modified lymphocytes, we can also determine the T cell stimulatory capacity of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in vivo, as shown in our representative results using transplanted CFSE-labeled OT-I T cells.

Lymphocytes are the major players in adaptive immune responses. Here, we present a lymphocyte purification protocol to determine the physiological functions of the desired molecules in lymphocyte activation in vitro and in vivo. The described experimental procedures are suitable for comparing functional capacities between control and genetically modified lymphocytes.

Isolamento e Activação de Linfócitos murinos

B and T cells, with their extremely diverse antigen-receptor repertoires, have the ability to mount specific immune responses against almost any invading ...

An Optimized Protocol to Analyze Glycolysis and Mitochondrial Respiration in Lymphocytes

Lymphocytes respond to a variety of stimuli by activating intracellular signaling pathways, which in turn leads to rapid cellular proliferation, migration and differentiation, and cytokine production. All of these events are tightly linked to the energy status of the cell, and therefore studying the energy-producing pathways may give clues about the overall functionality of these cells. The extracellular flux analyzer is a commonly used device for evaluating the performance of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in many cell types. This system has been used to study immune cells in a few published reports, yet a comprehensive protocol optimized particularly for lymphocytes is lacking. Lymphocytes are fragile cells that survive poorly in ex vivo conditions. Oftentimes lymphocyte subsets are rare, and working with low cell numbers is inevitable. Thus, an experimental strategy that addresses these difficulties is required. Here, we provide a protocol that allows for rapid isolation of viable lymphocytes from lymphoid tissues, and for the analysis of their metabolic states in the extracellular flux analyzer. Furthermore, we provide results of experiments in which the metabolic activities of several lymphocyte subtypes at different cell densities were compared. These observations suggest that our protocol can be used to achieve consistent, well-standardized results even at low cell concentrations, and thus it may have broad applications in future studies focusing on the characterization of metabolic events in immune cells.

The study of metabolism is becoming increasingly relevant to immunological research. Here, we present an optimized method for measuring glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in mouse splenocytes, and T and B lymphocytes.

Um protocolo otimizado para analisar glicólise e respiração mitocondrial nos linfócitos

Lymphocytes respond to a variety of stimuli by activating intracellular signaling pathways, which in turn leads to rapid cellular proliferation, migration ...

A Fluorescence-based Lymphocyte Assay Suitable for High-throughput Screening of Small Molecules

High-throughput screening (HTS) is currently the mainstay for the identification of chemical entities capable of modulating biochemical reactions or cellular processes. With the advancement of biotechnologies and the high translational potential of small molecules, a number of innovative approaches in drug discovery have evolved, which explains the resurgent interest in the use of HTS. The oncology field is currently the most active research area for drug screening, with no major breakthrough made for the identification of new immunomodulatory compounds targeting transplantation-related complications or autoimmune ailments. Here, we present a novel in vitro murine fluorescent-based lymphocyte assay easily adapted for the identification of new immunomodulatory compounds. This assay uses T or B cells derived from a transgenic mouse, in which the Nur77 promoter drives GFP expression upon T- or B-cell receptor stimulation. As the GFP intensity reflects the activation/transcriptional activity of the target cell, our assay defines a novel tool to study the effect of given compound(s) on cellular/biological responses. For instance, a primary screening was performed using 4,398 compounds in the absence of a &#34;target hypothesis&#34;, which led to the identification of 160 potential hits displaying immunomodulatory activities. Thus, the use of this assay is suitable for drug discovery programs exploring large chemical libraries prior to further in vitro/in vivo validation studies.

We present in the current study a novel fluorescence-based assay using lymphocytes derived from a transgenic mouse. This assay is suitable for high-throughput screening (HTS) of small molecules endowed with the capacity of either inhibiting or promoting lymphocyte activation.

A Fluorescência baseada em Linfócitos ensaio adequado para high-throughput screening de pequenas moléculas

High-throughput screening (HTS) is currently the mainstay for the identification of chemical entities capable of modulating biochemical reactions or ...

Rapid Quantification of Mitogen-induced Blastogenesis in T Lymphocytes for Identifying Immunomodulatory Drugs

Lymphocyte proliferation in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation is a readily quantifiable phenomenon useful for testing immunomodulatory (i.e., immunosuppressive or immunostimulatory) chemical compounds and biologics. One of the earliest steps during mitogenesis is cell enlargement or blastogenic transformation, whereupon the cell volume increases before division. It is usually detectable in the first several hours of T-lymphocyte stimulation. Here, we describe a rapid method to quantify blastogenesis in T lymphocytes isolated from mouse spleens and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using an automated cell counter. Various commonly used proliferation assays for the most part are laborious and only reflect the overall population effect rather than individual cellular effects within a population. In contrast, the presented automated cell counter assay provides rapid, direct, and precise measurements of cell diameters that can be used for assessing the effectiveness of various mitogens and immunomodulatory drugs in vitro.

T-lymphocyte mitogenesis is accompanied by blastogenic transformation, whereupon the cell volume enlarges before cell division. Here, we describe a method to quantify blastogenesis in T lymphocytes using an automated cell counter with the capability of measuring cell diameters.

Quantificação rápida de blastogénese induzida por Mitogénio em linfócitos T para identificar drogas imunomoduladoras

Lymphocyte proliferation in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation is a readily quantifiable phenomenon useful for testing immunomodulatory (i.e., ...

An Efficient and Simple Method to Establish NK and T Cell Lines from Patients with Chronic Active Epstein-Barr Virus Infection

A number of methods have been described to establish NK/T cell lines from patients with lymphoma or lymphoproliferative syndrome. These methods employed feeder cells, purified NK or T cells with as much as 10 mL of blood, or a high-dose of IL-2. This study presents a new method with a powerful and simple strategy to establish NK and T cell lines by culturing the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with the addition of recombinant human IL-2 (rhIL-2), and uses as little as 2 mL of whole blood. The cells can proliferate quickly in two weeks and be maintained for more than 3 months. With this method, 7 NK or T cell lines have been established with a high success rate. This method is simple, reliable, and applicable to establishing cell lines from more cases of CAEBV or NK/T cell lymphoma.

A simple method for obtaining NK and T cell clones from CAEBV patients was developed with high efficiency, a small amount of peripheral blood, and a low-dose of IL-2.

Um método simples e eficiente para estabelecer linhas de células T de pacientes com infecção crônica ativa vírus Epstein - Barr e NK

A number of methods have been described to establish NK/T cell lines from patients with lymphoma or lymphoproliferative syndrome. These methods employed ...

In Vitro Generation of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from Common Lymphoid Progenitors

Source: Chang, S., et al. <a href="https://app.jove.com/v/53211">In Vitro Generation of Murine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from Common Lymphoid Progenitors using the AC-6 Feeder System.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2015)
This video demonstrates an in vitro assay to generate plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) from common lymphoid progenitor cells (CLPs). Upon co-culturing purified CLPs with &#947;-irradiated feeder cells in the presence of Fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 ligand (FL), the CLPs differentiate into non-adherent pDCs, the presence of which is confirmed using flow cytometry.

Geração in vitro de células dendríticas plasmocitoides a partir de progenitores linfóides comuns

Source: Chang, S., et al. In Vitro Generation of Murine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from Common Lymphoid Progenitors using the AC-6 Feeder System. J. ...

JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Imunologia

Sistemas e Componentes Imunológicos

Técnicas de Diferenciação Celular

Isolation and Purification of B Cells from Human Peripheral Blood

Source: Tzeng, S. J. <a href="https://app.jove.com/v/54582">The Isolation, Differentiation, and Quantification of Human Antibody-secreting B Cells from Blood: ELISpot as a Functional Readout of Humoral Immunity.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2016)
In this video, we demonstrate the isolation of B cells from human peripheral blood using biotinylated antibodies specific for non-B cells and streptavidin-conjugated magnetic microbeads.

Isolamento e purificação de células B do sangue periférico humano

Source: Tzeng, S. J. The Isolation, Differentiation, and Quantification of Human Antibody-secreting B Cells from Blood: ELISpot as a Functional Readout of ...