Detection of Vascular Pathways of Oral Mucosa Influencing Soft- and Hard Tissue Surgeries by Latex Milk Injection

In this methodological study, the purpose was to visualize the macroscopic vascular pathway of the oral mucosa. Corpses were injected and fixed with Thiel's solution for embalming to keep the natural color, fresh texture, and elasticity of the tissues. Latex milk injection is a technique used to stain blood vessels. A combination of Thiel’s embalming method and latex milk injection allows surgeons to work on a raw specimen and identify the distribution and anastomosis of vessels macroscopically in the oral mucosa for flap/incision design in periodontal and maxillofacial surgeries. The latex milk contains radiopaque material that enables clinicians to visualize the pathway of the blood vessels radiographically. A step-by-step protocol is described for the correct adjustment of Thiel embalming and latex milk injection. The combined application of both methods allows the clinician to understand anatomical structures practically. As a result, proper incisions and flaps can be designed, which prevents neurovascular damage, intraoperative bleeding, and postoperative morbidity during patient surgery.