Core - Civil Engineering

    Chapter 11

    Permeability of Concrete

    11.1 : Permeability of Concrete01:25

    11.1 : Permeability of Concrete

    Permeability refers to how readily liquids or gases can move through concrete. This characteristic is relevant for ensuring the impermeability of ...

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    11.2 : Sulfate Attack on Concrete01:29

    11.2 : Sulfate Attack on Concrete

    Concrete subjected to sulfate attack typically exhibits a distinct whitish appearance, often first noticeable at the edges and corners, with subsequent ...

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    11.3 : Effect of Sea Water on Concrete01:22

    11.3 : Effect of Sea Water on Concrete

    Seawater-exposed concrete structures experience the dissolution of the needle-shaped crystals of ettringite and gypsum, increasing porosity and reducing ...

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    11.4 : Acid Attack on Concrete01:21

    11.4 : Acid Attack on Concrete

    Acids interacting with concrete dissolve the hydrated cement paste, leading to a softened and structurally weakened material. Acidity breaks down the ...

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    11.5 : Alkali Aggregate Reaction in Concrete01:26

    11.5 : Alkali Aggregate Reaction in Concrete

    Aggregates naturally contain siliceous minerals that react with the alkaline hydroxides from cement alkalis. The alkali-silica gel formed attracts water ...

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    11.6 : Corrosion of Reinforcement01:27

    11.6 : Corrosion of Reinforcement

    Inside a concrete mass, high alkalinity of calcium hydroxide with a pH of around 13 shields steel reinforcement from corrosion by creating a protective ...

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