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Chapter 4

Motion in Two or Three Dimensions

Position and Displacement Vectors
Position and Displacement Vectors
To describe the motion of an object, one should first be able to describe its position (where it is at any particular time). More precisely, the position ...
Average and Instantaneous Velocity Vectors
Average and Instantaneous Velocity Vectors
To calculate other physical quantities in kinematics, the time variable must be introduced. The time variable not only allows us to state where an object ...
Acceleration Vectors
Acceleration Vectors
In everyday conversation, accelerating means speeding up. Acceleration is a vector in the same direction as the change in velocity, Δv, therefore the ...
Direction of Acceleration Vectors
Direction of Acceleration Vectors
Acceleration occurs when velocity changes in magnitude (an increase or decrease in speed), direction, or both. Although acceleration is in the direction ...
Projectile Motion
Projectile Motion
An object thrown in the air follows a parabolic path under the influence of Earth's gravitational force. The motion of such an object is called ...
Projectile Motion: Equations
Projectile Motion: Equations
Projectile motion is commonly observed in our day-to-day life. For example, a basketball thrown by a player, an arrow shot from a bow, and kids jumping ...
Projectile Motion: Example
Projectile Motion: Example
The theory of projectile motion is very useful for players of several sports to improve their performance. For example, a javelin thrower needs to throw ...
Uniform Circular Motion
Uniform Circular Motion
Uniform circular motion is a specific type of motion in which an object travels in a circle with a constant speed. For example, any point on a propeller ...
Non-uniform Circular Motion
Non-uniform Circular Motion
In uniform circular motion, the particle executing circular motion has a constant speed, and the circle is at a fixed radius. However, not all ...
Relative Velocity in One Dimension
Relative Velocity in One Dimension
The understanding of the concept of reference frames is essential to discuss relative motion in one or more dimensions. When we say that an object has a ...
Relative Velocity in Two Dimensions
Relative Velocity in Two Dimensions
Relative velocity is the velocity of an object as observed from a particular reference frame, or the velocity of one reference frame with respect to ...
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