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In This Article

  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Protocol
  • Representative Results
  • Discussion
  • Acknowledgements
  • Materials
  • References
  • Reprints and Permissions

Summary

剖切开凡士林差距的方法来获得电压依赖性离子通道的离子和门控电流的表达在非洲爪蟾卵母细胞具有高分辨率的快速通道动力学低噪音录音。有轻微的修改,电压钳荧光可以被耦合到所述剖切开的卵母细胞的协议。

Abstract

剖切开的卵母细胞凡士林间隙(COVG)电压钳技术允许对异源的离子通道在卵母细胞的电生理和动力学特性分析。从开封设置录音是解决低幅度门控电流,快速离子电流的激活和失活时特别有用。通过双电极电压钳(TEVC)技术的主要好处包括提高夹紧的速度,提高了信号 - 噪声比,并以调制胞内和细胞外环境的能力。

在这里,我们采用人类心脏钠通道(HNA V 1.5),表达在非洲爪蟾卵母细胞,以展示开封的设置和协议,以及所需要的加电压钳位荧光能力的修改。

快速激活离子通道,如海航V 1.5的属性,不能完全接近室温解决使用TEVC,在whic卵母细胞的膜h的全部内容被夹紧,使电压控制困难。然而,在剖切开的技术中,在细胞膜中的一小部分的隔离允许为需要同时防止用膜片钳技术相关联的信道破落准确地记录快速动力学的快速装夹。

与COVG技术中,离子通道的动力学和电生理学特性相结合可以通过使用电压钳荧光,其中蛋白质运动经由的细胞外施加荧光团,插入基因编码荧光蛋白的,或者非天然氨基酸掺入半胱氨酸缀跟踪可以进一步测定入息1的区域。这个额外的数据产生关于该蛋白质的电压依赖性的构象重排通过改变周围的荧光分子的微环境动力学信息。

Introduction

专门的电压钳位技术允许离子流在控制膜电位的记录。广泛使用双电极电压钳(TEVC)和膜片钳技术提供许多离子通道的特性可靠的电生理信息。然而,这两种方法都有缺点,防止收购可靠的数据进行快速电压门控钠离子通道等快速激活通道,膜如爪蟾卵母细胞。该Bezanilla和史蒂芬妮因而实验室开发的剖切开凡士林隙电压钳技术(COVG)的卵母细胞2。该技术已被广泛应用于录音,的Na +,K +和Ca 2 +通道3-8。

在COVG记录,异源蛋白表达的卵母细胞的膜被分成三个区域。离子电流数据从卵母细胞作为的顶部区域记录浴周围的顶部区域被钳位到一个命令的潜力,这可以容易地和迅速地改变。中间区域防泄漏电流通过被钳位到电位相同的顶部区域9。底部区域是卵母细胞的开口(切开的)通过使用皂苷溶液或套管发生。化学或膜中的底部区域手册开口允许内部潜力,这被钳位到地的控制权,并呈现与下部腔室的溶液中的细胞内是连续的。灌注液进入下部腔室可以调节内部环境的属性,而在顶室溶液交换改变的外部环境。

Protocol

1。最初的设备设置

  1. 放置在振动隔离系统( 例如一个空气表)的阶段和在微电极操纵器与周围的法拉第笼,以防止电气和机械噪声。
  2. 焊接6银/氯化银颗粒为24 AWG电线六英寸长。对于这些长度中的一个(也可以连接到P1),拼接在第二导线,以形成一个“Y”。对每根线的两端焊金BNC端子,它包含与放大器。
  3. 连接焊接到24 AWG电线的浴室/卫队探头(P1,P2,CC,GS1,GS2和)五?.......

Representative Results

图4显示在卵母细胞作为皂苷溶液的渗透性的变化施加到卵母细胞的底部部分, 图5展示了胞内溶液交 ​​换的速率由扩散以下皂苷透化。 20-40分钟必须来一个稳态2,18。

从记录协议生成图6A表演的痕迹。图中示出了离子电流响应于所述电压协议(插图)(P/-8漏减之后)。图中的每个轨迹代表了不同的外加电压。与?.......

Discussion

剖切开的卵母细胞凡士林隙电压钳技术,可以进行数据的快速高分辨率,低噪音,增加控制权的内部解决方案和外部解决方案组成,并记录稳定在相对 ​​长的协议19。这些优势设置这项技术除了标准的双电极电压钳和膜片钳技术。虽然专门的设备是必要的,该协议是比较困难的,一旦系统进行了优化,非常少的问题发生。这使得钠(HNA V 1.5)和其它快速激活信道可重复的记录。.......

Acknowledgements

华盛顿大学圣路易斯分校心脏分子工程实验室的所有成员。一个伯勒斯欢迎基金事业奖在科学界面 - 1010299(JS的)。

....

Materials

NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
External SolutionBrandCatalog Number[Final], weight, or volume
N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMDG)Sigma-AldrichM200425mM
MES Sodium SaltSigma-AldrichM505790mM
HEPESResearch Products InternationalH7503020mM
Calcium hydroxideSigma-Aldrich2392322mM
MES HydrateSigma-AldrichM8250variable (pH to 7.4)
Internal Solution
N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMDG)Sigma-AldrichM2004105mM
MES Sodium SaltSigma-AldrichM505710mM
HEPESResearch Products InternationalH7503020mM
Ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA)Sigma-AldrichE43782mM
MES HydrateSigma-AldrichM8250variable (pH to 7.4)
Depolarizing Solution
KClSigma-Aldrich221473110mM
Magnesium chlorideSigma-AldrichM82661.5mM
Calcium ChlorideCaissonC0210.8mM
HEPESResearch Products InternationalH7503010mM
Pipet Solution
KClSigma-Aldrich2214733M
Saponin Solution
SaponinSigma-Aldrich470360.125g
Internal SolutionSee above50mL
Agar Bridge Solution
N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMDG)Sigma-AldrichM2004100ml of 1M
HEPESResearch Products InternationalH750301.2g
MES HydrateSigma-AldrichM8250variable (pH to 7.4)
Granulated AgarResearch Products InternationalA202503%
NMDG Storage Solution
NMDG, HEPES, MES Hydrate solutionsee above40ml
Water60ml
Name of Material/ EquipmentCompanyCatalog NumberComments/Description
High Performance Oocyte ClampDaganCA-1B
Data Acquisition SystemAxon CNS Digidata 1440A
OscilloscopeTektronix TDS 210
Rack Power FilterAPC G5
Heating/Cooling Bath Temperature ControllerDaganHCC-100A
PCDellOptiplex 990
pCLAMP 10.3 Voltage Clamp SoftwareMolecular Devices, LLCpCLAMP10.3
TMC Vibration Control TableTop PlatformTMC64 SERIES
TMC Vibration Control Air TableTMC20 Series 
V1/I Electrode Data CollectorDaganpart of CA-1B
MX10L MicromanipulatorSiskiyouMX10L
Bath/Guard (I/V) Headstage (with appropriate connectors)Daganpart of CA-1B
MicroscopeOmanoOM2300S-JW11
Temperature Control BathCustom or DaganCustom or HE-204CCustom chamber made from materials from Cool Polymers (D-series). Dagan also provides a prefeabricated stage (HE-204C).
Custom AgCl Pellet ContainerCustomCustomCustom machined
Ag/AgCl electrode, pellet, 2.0 mmWarnerE-206
External Oocyte BathCustom or DaganCustom or CC-1-T-LBCustom machined or purchased from Dagan
Internal Oocyte BathCustom or DaganCustom or CC-TG-NDCustom machined or purchased from Dagan
Capillaries for Agar Bridges and Pulled ElectrodesWarnerG150T-4
Rotatable Mounts for the Microscope, Micromanipulator, and BathSiskiyouSD-1280P
Fiber-LiteDolan-JennerLMI-600
Regular BleachClorox470174-764
Xenopus laevis OocytesNascoLM535M (sexually mature females)
90 Na+ External SolutionSee Solutions sheet
10 Na+ Internal SolutionSee Solutions sheet
3 M KCLSee Solutions sheet
SaponinSigma-Aldrich47036
NMDG Storage SolutionSee Solutions sheet
5mL transfer pipetsSciMartGS-52
Modified KCl electrode injectorBD309659Plastic syringe tip melted to allow for injection of solution into electrodes. Alternatively, a Microfil by WPI can be purchased.
MicrovaccumCustomCustom
ForcepsVWR63040-458
Oocyte Handling Tools (Pipette Pump)VWR53502-222
Deionized Water Squirt BottleVWR16649-911
Vaseline Petroleum JellyFisher Scientific19-086-291 
Additional Materials Required for VCF Recordings:
VCF MicroscopeNikonEclipse FN1
Nikon CFI APO 40XW NIR ObjectiveNikonN40X-NIR
X-Y Translator System for Fixed-Stage Upright MicroscopesSutter InstrumentsMT500-586
External VCF Oocyte BathCustomCustom machined. The chamber dimensions are 2.7 x 1.9 x 0.4 cm.
Internal VCF Oocyte BathCustomCustom machined. The chamber dimensions are 1.6 x 1.6 x 0.4 cm.
Modified Temperature Control BathCustomCustom chamber made from materials from Cool Polymers (D-series). The chamber dimensions of the modified temperature controller bath are 2.7 x 1.9 x 0.3 cm for the horizontal chamber, and 1 x 2.5 x 0.5 cm for the vertical chamber.

References

  1. Kalstrup, T., Blunck, R. Dynamics of internal pore opening in KV channels probed by a fluorescent unnatural amino acid. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 110, 8272-8277 (2013).
  2. Stefani, E., Bezanilla, F. Cut-open oocyte vol....

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