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Abstract

Immunology and Infection

Label-Free Identification of Lymphocyte Subtypes Using Three-Dimensional Quantitative Phase Imaging and Machine Learning

Published: November 19th, 2018

DOI:

10.3791/58305

1Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, 2Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 3KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 4Tomocube, Inc., 5Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 6Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 7Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University

Abstract

We describe here a protocol for the label-free identification of lymphocyte subtypes using quantitative phase imaging and machine learning. Identification of lymphocyte subtypes is important for the study of immunology as well as diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Currently, standard methods for classifying lymphocyte types rely on labeling specific membrane proteins via antigen-antibody reactions. However, these labeling techniques carry the potential risks of altering cellular functions. The protocol described here overcomes these challenges by exploiting intrinsic optical contrasts measured by 3D quantitative phase imaging and a machine learning algorithm. Measurement of 3D refractive index (RI) tomograms of lymphocytes provides quantitative information about 3D morphology and phenotypes of individual cells. The biophysical parameters extracted from the measured 3D RI tomograms are then quantitatively analyzed with a machine learning algorithm, enabling label-free identification of lymphocyte types at a single-cell level. We measure the 3D RI tomograms of B, CD4+ T, and CD8+ T lymphocytes and identified their cell types with over 80% accuracy. In this protocol, we describe the detailed steps for lymphocyte isolation, 3D quantitative phase imaging, and machine learning for identifying lymphocyte types.

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