Microdissection of Mouse Brain into Functionally and Anatomically Different Regions

Summary

We present a hands-on, step-by-step, rapid protocol for mouse brain removal and dissection of discrete regions from fresh brain tissue. Obtaining brain regions for molecular analysis has become routine in many neuroscience labs. These brain regions are immediately frozen to obtain high quality transcriptomic data for system level analysis.

Abstract

The brain is the command center for the mammalian nervous system and an organ with enormous structural complexity. Protected within the skull, the brain consists of an outer covering of grey matter over the hemispheres known as the cerebral cortex. Underneath this layer reside many other specialized structures that are essential for multiple phenomenon important for existence. Acquiring samples of specific gross brain regions requires quick and precise dissection steps. It is understood that at the microscopic level, many sub-regions exist and likely cross the arbitrary regional boundaries that we impose for the purpose of this dissection.

Mouse models are routinely used to study human brain functions and diseases. Changes in gene expression patterns may be confined to specific brain areas targeting a particular phenotype depending on the diseased state. Thus, it is of great importance to study regulation of transcription with respect to its well-defined structural organization. A complete understanding of the brain requires studying distinct brain regions, defining connections, and identifying key differences in the activities of each of these brain regions. A more comprehensive understanding of each of these distinct regions may pave the way for new and improved treatments in the field of neuroscience. Herein, we discuss a step-by-step methodology for dissecting the mouse brain into sixteen distinct regions. In this procedure, we have focused on male mouse C57Bl/6J (6-8 week old) brain removal and dissection into multiple regions using neuroanatomical landmarks to identify and sample discrete functionally-relevant and behaviorally-relevant brain regions. This work will help lay a strong foundation in the field of neuroscience, leading to more focused approaches in the deeper understanding of brain function.

Introduction

The brain, along with the spinal cord and retina, comprise the central nervous system that executes complex behaviors, controlled by specialized, precisely positioned, and interacting cell types throughout the entire body¹. The brain is a complex organ with billions of interconnected neurons and glia with precise circuitry performing numerous functions. It is a bilateral structure with two distinct lobes and diverse cellular components². The spinal cord connects the brain to the outside world and is protected by bone, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid and routes messages to and from the brain²

Protocol

Animal handling and experimental procedures were conducted in accordance with European, national and institutional guidelines for animal care. All animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at the US Army Center for Environmental Health Research now Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) and performed in a facility accredited by the Association for the Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International (AAALAC).
NOTE: The procedure will be p.......

Discussion

The mammalian brain is a complex organ composed of an array of morphologically distinct and functionally unique cells with diverse molecular signatures and multiple regions that perform specialized and discrete functions. The dissection procedure reported here can have multiple goals depending on the requirements of the lab. In our lab we assessed transcription in multiple brain regions collected from mice exposed to PTSD like stress¹⁶ . We would like to study further the impact of strain genetic .......

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
Brain Removal
Deaver scissors	Roboz Surgical Store	RS-6762	5.5" straight sharp/sharp
Deaver scissors	Roboz Surgical Store	RS-6763	5.5" curved sharp/sharp
Delicate operating scissors	Roboz Surgical Store	RS-6703	4.75" curved sharp/sharp
Delicate operating scissors	Roboz Surgical Store	RS-6702	4.75" straight sharp/sharp
Light operating scissors	Roboz Surgical Store	RS-6753	5" curved Sharp/Sharp
Micro spatula, radius and tapered flat ends			stainless steel mirror finish
Operating scissors 6.5"	Roboz Surgical Store	RS-6846	curved sharp/sharp
Tissue forceps	Roboz Surgical Store	RS-8160	4.5” 1X2 teeth 2mm tip width
Rongeur (optional)	Roboz Surgical Store	RS-8321 many styles to choose	Lempert Rongeur 6.5" 2X8mm
Pituitary Dissection
Scalpel handle	Roboz Surgical Store	RS-9843	Scalpel Handle #3 Solid 4"
and blades	Roboz Surgical Store	RS-9801-11	Sterile Scalpel Blades:#11 Box 100 40mm
Super fine forceps Inox	Roboz Surgical Store	RS-4955	tip size 0.025 X 0.005 mm
Brain Dissection
A magnification visor	Penn Tool Col	40-178-6	2.2x Outer and 3.3x Inner Lens Magnification, Rectangular Magnifier
Dissection cold plate	Cellpath.com	JRI-0100-00A	Iceberg cold plate & base
Graefe forceps, full curve extra delicate	Roboz Surgical Store	RS-5138	0.5 mm Tip 4” (10 cm) long
Light operating scissors	Roboz Surgical Store	RS-6753	5" curved sharp/sharp
Scalpel handle	Roboz Surgical Store	RS-9843 (repeated above)	Scalpel Handle #3 Solid 4"
and blades (especially #11)	Roboz Surgical Store	RS-9801-11 (repeated above)	Sterile Scalpel Blades:#11 Box 100 40mm
Spatula	Amazon	MS-SQRD9-4	Double Ended Spatula Square AND Round End
Tissue forceps	Roboz Surgical Store	RS-8160 (repeated above)	4.5” 1X2 teeth