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This article reports an in vivo inhibition of CENP-E through abdominal surgery and testicular injection of GSK923295, a valuable model for male meiotic division. Using the immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy assays, we show that CENP-E inhibition results in chromosome misalignment and genome instability in mouse spermatocytes.
In eukaryotes, meiosis is essential for genome stability and genetic diversity in sexual reproduction. Experimental analyses of spermatocytes in testes are critical for the investigations of spindle assembly and chromosome segregation in male meiotic division. The mouse spermatocyte is an ideal model for mechanistic studies of meiosis, however, the effective methods for the analyses of spermatocytes are lacking. In this article, a practical and efficient method for the in vivo inhibition of kinesin-7 CENP-E in mouse spermatocytes is reported. A detailed procedure for testicular injection of a specific inhibitor GSK923295 through abdominal surgery in 3-week-old mice is presented. Furthermore, described here is a series of protocols for tissue collection and fixation, hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy. Here we present an in vivo inhibition model via abdominal surgery and testicular injection, that could be a powerful technique to study male meiosis. We also demonstrate that CENP-E inhibition results in chromosome misalignment and metaphase arrest in primary spermatocytes during meiosis I. Our in vivo inhibition method will facilitate mechanistic studies of meiosis, serve as a useful method for genetic modifications of male germ lines, and shed a light on future clinical applications.
Meiosis is one of the most important, highly rigid, evolutionary conserved events in eukaryotic organisms, and is essential for gametogenesis, sexual reproduction, genome integrity, and genetic diversity1,2,3. In mammals, the germ cells undergo two successive cell divisions, meiosis I and II, after a single round of DNA replication. Unlike sister chromatids in mitosis, duplicated homologous chromosomes pair up and segregate into two daughter cells during meiosis I4,5. In meiosis II, sister chromatids pull apart and se....
All animal experiments were reviewed and approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee at Fujian Medical University (Protocol number SYXK 2016-0007). All mouse experiments were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines of the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the National Institutes of Health (NIH publications number 8023, revised 1978).
1. Construction of GSK923295-mediated CENP-E inhibition mouse models
We have successfully constructed an in vivo CENP-E inhibition model of mouse testes through abdominal surgery and testicular injection of GSK92329519. The key technical steps of this method were shown in Figure 1. After testicular injection of GSK923295 for 4 days, the testes were harvested for further analyses. In the control group, the spermatogenic wave in the seminiferous tubules was regular and organized (Figure 2A). However.......
In this study, we have established an in vivo CENP-E inhibition model of mouse testes using the abdominal surgery and microinjection of GSK923295. The abdominal surgery and testicular injection method used in this study has the following advantages. First, it is not limited to the age of mice. Experimenters can perform testicular injection at an early stage, for example, at 3-week-old or younger mice. Second, GSK923295 has a specific and excellent inhibitory effect on CENP-E. Third, this method is simple to oper.......
We thank all members of the Cytoskeleton Laboratory at Fujian Medical University for helpful discussions. We thank Jun-Jin Lin at Public Technology Service Center, Fujian Medical University for technical assistances in flow cytometry. We thank Ming-Xia Wu and Lin-Ying Zhou at Electron Microscopy Lab of Public Technology Service Center, Fujian Medical University for technical assistances in electron microscopy. We thank Si-Yi Zheng, Ying Lin, Qi Ke, and Jun Song at Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medical Sciences at Fujian Medical University for their supports. This study was supported by the following grants: National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant n....
Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
0.25% Trypsin-EDTA | Gibco | 25200056 | |
1 ml Syringe | Several commercial brands available | Sterile. | |
1.5 mL Centrifuge tube | Axygen | MCT-150-C | |
50 mL Centrifuge Tube | Corning | 430828 | |
6 cm Petri dish | Corning | 430166 | |
95% Ethanol | Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.,Ltd | 10009164 | |
tubulin rabbit polyclonal antibody | Beyotime | AF0001 | For immunofluorescence assays. Use at 1:100. |
rabbit anti-Histone H3 (phospho S10) monoclonal antibody | Abcam | ab267372 | For immunofluorescence assays. Use at 1:100. |
rabbit anti-TUBA4A polyclonal antibody | Sangon Biotech | D110022 | For immunofluorescence assays. Use at 1:100. |
Anti-SYCP3 rabbit monoclonal antibody | Abcam | ab175191 | For immunofluorescence assays. Use at 1:100. |
Adhesion microscope slides | CITOTEST | 188105 | |
Alexa fluor 488-labeled goat anti-rabbit antibody | Beyotime | A0423 | Sencodary antibody. Use at 1:500. |
Aluminium potassium sulphate | Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.,Ltd | 10001060 | |
Anhydrous ethanol | Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.,Ltd | 100092690 | |
Anti-fade mounting medium | Beyotime | P0131 | Prevent photobleching of flourescent signals. |
BD FACS Canto II | BD Biosciences | FACS Canto II | |
Bovine Serum Albumin | Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.,Ltd | 69003435 | |
Centrifuge | Eppendorf | 5424BK745380 | |
Chloral hydrate | Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.,Ltd | 80037516 | |
Citric acid | Shanghai Experiment Reagent Co., Ltd | 122670 | |
Collagenase | Sangon Biotech | A004194-0100 | |
Coverslips | CITOTEST | 10212020C | 20 × 20 mm. Thickness 0.13-0.16 mm. |
DAPI | Beyotime | C1006 | |
Dye vat | Several commercial brands available | 91347802 | |
Eosin Y, alcohol soluble | Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.,Ltd | 71014460 | |
Ether | Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.,Ltd | 10009318 | |
Formaldehyde - aqueous solution | Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.,Ltd | 10010018 | |
GSK923295 | MedChemExpress | HY-10299 | |
Hematoxylin, anhydrous | Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.,Ltd | 71020784 | |
ICR mouse | Shanghai SLAC Laboratory Animal Co., Ltd | ||
Image J software | National Institutes of Health | https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/ | Fluorescent image analysis. |
Leica ultramicrotome | Leica | ||
Leica EM UC-7 ultramicrotome | Leica | EM UC7 | |
Modfit MFLT32 | Verity Software House | For analysis of flow cytometry results. | |
Nail polish | Several commercial brands available | ||
Neutral gum | Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.,Ltd | 10004160 | |
Nikon Ti-S2 microscope | Nikon | Ti-S2 | |
Picric acid | Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.,Ltd | J60807 | |
Rheodyne | Sangon Biotech | F519160-0001 | 10 μl rheodyne |
Sliced paraffin | Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.,Ltd | 69019461 | |
Sodium iodate | Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.,Ltd | 80117214 | |
Surgical instruments | Several commercial brands available | For abdominal surgery. Sterilize at 121 °C, 20 min. | |
Transmission electron microscope | FEI | Tecnai G2 | |
Trisodium citrate dihydrate | Shanghai Experiment Reagent Co., Ltd | 173970 | |
Triton X-100 | Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.,Ltd | 30188928 | Dilute in sterile PBS to make a 0.25% working solution. |
Tween 20 | Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.,Ltd | 30189328 | Dilute in sterile PBS to make a 0.1% working solution. |
Paraformaldehyde | Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.,Ltd | 80096618 | |
Xylene | Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.,Ltd | 10023418 |
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