Single-Anastomosis Duodeno-Ileal Bypass with Sleeve Gastrectomy Model in Mice

Summary

Single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass (SADI-S) is an emerging bariatric procedure with important metabolic effects. In this article, we present a reliable and reproducible model of SADI-S in mice.

Abstract

Obesity is a major health issue worldwide. As a response, bariatric surgeries have emerged to treat obesity and its related comorbidities (e.g., diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, cardiovascular events, and cancers) through restrictive and malabsorptive mechanisms. Understanding the mechanisms by which these procedures allow such improvements often require their transposition into animals, especially in mice, because of the ease of generating genetically modified animals. Recently, the single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) has emerged as a procedure that uses both restrictive and malabsorptive effects, which is being used as an alternative to gastric bypass in case of major obesity. Thus far, this procedure has been associated with strong metabolic improvements, which has led to a marked increase in its use in daily clinical practice. However, the mechanisms underlying these metabolic effects have been poorly studied as a result of a lack of animal models. In this article, we present a reliable and reproducible model of SADI-S in mice, with a special focus on perioperative management. The description and use of this new rodent model will be helpful for the scientific community to better understand the molecular, metabolic, and structural changes induced by the SADI-S and to better define the surgical indications for clinical practice.

Introduction

Obesity is an emerging and endemic situation with increasing prevalence, affecting approximately 1 in 20 adults worldwide¹. Bariatric surgery has become the most effective treatment option for the affected adults in recent years, improving both weight loss and metabolic disorders^2,3, with variable results depending on the type of surgical procedure used.

There are two main mechanisms that are implicated in the effects of the bariatric procedures: restriction that aims to increase satiety (such as in the sleeve gastrectomy (SG) where 80% of the stomach is remo....

Protocol

This protocol has been approved by the local French ethical committee for animal experimentation (Comité d'éthique en expérimentation animale; reference CEEA-PdL n 06).

1. Pre-operative preparation

1. Add gel diet food to the normal diet 3 days before the surgery. Fast the mice 6 h before the surgery.
2. Induce anesthesia with 5% isoflurane (1 L/min) in a dedicated chamber with oxygen (1 L/min). Inject the mice subcutaneously with buprenorphi.......

Discussion

Bariatric surgeries, whose techniques are constantly evolving, appear to be currently the most effective treatment for obesity and associated metabolic comorbidities^3,19,20. The SADI-S procedure, firstly described in 2007⁴, is a promising procedure associated with greater metabolic effects than other malabsorptive surgeries. Animal models, particularly mice that allow the rapid generation of genetically m.......

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
Agagani needle 26 G	Terumo	050101B	26 G needle
Betadine dermique	Pharma-gdd	3300931499787	Povidone solution
Betadine scrub	Pharma-gdd	3400931499787	Povidone solution
Binocular microscope	Optika Microscopes Italy	SZN-9	Binocular stereomicroscope
Buprecare	Animalcare	3760087151244	Buprenorphin
Castroviejo, straight 9 cm	F.S.T	12060-02	Micro scissors
Castroviejo, straight 9 cm	F.S.T	12060-02	Needle holder
Chlorure de sodium Fresenius 0.9%	Fresenius Kabi	BE182743	NaCl 0.9%
Clamoxyl	Med'vet	5414736007496	Amoxicilline
Cotton buds	Comed	2510805	Cotton swabs
Element HT5	Scilvet	Element HT5	Automated hematology analyzer
Emeprid	CEVA	3411111914365	Metoclopramid
Extra Fine Graefe Forceps, curved (tip width: 0.5 mm)	F.S.T	11152-10	Surgical forceps
Extra Fine Graefe Forceps, straight (tip width: 0.5 mm)	F.S.T	11150-10	Surgical forceps
Fercobsang	Vetoprice	QB03AE04	Iron, multivitamins and minerals
Forane	Baxter	1001936060	Isoflurane
Graefe forceps, straight (tip width: 0.8 mm)	F.S.T	11050-10	Forceps
Graphpad Prism version 8.0	GraphPad Software, Inc.	Version 8.0	Software for statistical analysis
Heat pad	Intellibio innovation	A-2101-00300	Heat pad
Incubator	Bioconcept Technologies	Manufactured on demand	Incubator
Lighting	Optika Microscopes Italy	CL-30	Lighting for microscopy
Ocrygel	Med'vet	3700454505621	Carboptol 980 NF
Pangen 2.5 cm x 3.5 cm	Urgovet	A02978	Haemostatic collagen compress
Prolene 6/0	B.Braun	3097915	Optilene 6/0 (0.7 metric) 75 cm 2XDR13 CV2 RCP, suture cord
Prolene 8/0	Ethicon	8732	2 x BV175-6 MP, 3/8 Circle, 8 mm,  suture cord
Scissors	F.S.T	146168-09	Surgical scissors
Sterile compresses	Laboartoire Sylamed	211S05-50	Non-woven sterile compressed
Terumo Syringe	Terumo	50828	1 mL syringe
Titanium hemostatic clip	Péters Surgical	B2180-1	Surgical clip
Vannas Wolff	F.S.T	15009-08	Micro scissors
Vita Rongeur	Virbac	3597133087611	Vitamin supplementation
Vitaltec stainless	Péters Surgical	PB 220-EB Medium	Surgical clip applier