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* These authors contributed equally
The present protocol describes fluorescent negative staining in laparoscopic central hepatectomy. This technique can make hepatectomy more accurate and precise.
Laparoscopic hepatectomy is an important treatment method for liver cancer. In the past, the resection boundary was usually determined by intraoperative ultrasound, important vascular structures, and surgeon experience. With the development of anatomical hepatectomy, visual surgery technology has gradually been applied to this type of surgery, particularly indocyanine green (ICG)-guided anatomical hepatectomy. As ICG can be specifically ingested by hepatocytes and used for fluorescence tracing, negative staining techniques have been applied according to different tumor positions. Under ICG fluorescent guidance, the surface boundary and deep resection plane can be more accurately displayed during liver resection. Thus, the tumor-bearing liver segment can be anatomically removed, which helps to avoid damage to important vessels and reduce ischemia or congestion of the remaining liver tissue. Finally, the incidence of postoperative biliary fistula and liver dysfunction is reduced; therefore, a better prognosis is obtained after the resection of liver cancer. Centrally located liver cancer is usually defined as a tumor located at segments 4, 5, or 8 that requires resection of the middle section of the liver. These are among the most difficult hepatectomies to perform because of the large surgical wounds and multiple vessel transections. Based on the specific tumor location, we formulated the required resection ranges by designing personalized fluorescent staining strategies. By completing anatomical resection based on the portal territory, this work aims to achieve the best therapeutic effect.
Central hepatectomy is the main surgical method used to treat liver malignancies located in segments 4, 5, and 81,2. Standard central hepatectomy requires the complete resection of these segments, which necessitates exposing the sagittal portion, middle hepatic vein (MHV), and right hepatic vein (RHV)3. Segments 4, 5, and 8 belong to the category of central hepatectomy2.
With the advancement of precision liver surgery, anatomical hepatectomy has developed rapidly. However, the method to accurately determine the resection plane of hepat....
This protocol follows the guidelines of the human research ethics committee of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University. Written informed consent was obtained from the patients for performing this study.
1. Patient selection
From 2020 to 2022, six patients with HCC underwent fluorescent laparoscopic central hepatectomy. Among these, four patients underwent resection of segments 4, 5, and 8, and two patients underwent resection only of segments 5 and 8 (Table 1). None of the patients were converted to open surgery. Their ages ranged from 46 to 74 years. The tumor sizes ranged from 5 to 9 cm. The median operative time was 240 min, and the median intraoperative blood loss was 450 mL. The median postoperative hospital stay was 7.......
Anatomical hepatectomy is based on portal territory, and its therapeutic effect on liver cancer is still being explored. The theoretical basis for this is that the spread of liver cancer along the portal vein is the main reason for its recurrence and metastasis18. In the 20th century, Makuuchi first proposed anatomical hepatectomy from the initial open portal vein puncture with methylene blue staining, revealing the landmark hepatic veins, which has advanced to the current preoperative analysis of.......
This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81702406) and the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China (2016A030310207).
....Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
BK Flex Focus 800 | BK Medical | 8666-RF | Intraoperative ultrasound |
Entecavir | Bristol Myers Squibb | H20052237 | Antiviral drugs |
Hakko Sonoguide PTC Needle | Hakko-medical | PTC-B 18G/20G | Portal vein puncture |
Indocyanine green | Dandong Yichuang Pharmaceutical | 0902007 GH102 | Fluorescent dye |
PINPOINT Endoscopic Fluorescence Imaging System | Stryker | PC9000 | Fluorescent laparoscope |
Tenofovir | GILEAD | H20180060 | Antiviral drugs |
Trocar | Ethicon Endo-Surgery | B5LT/B12LT | Trocar |
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